JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES最新文献

{"title":"Traditionalist Jews and the Question of Whiteness","authors":"Jonathan Boyarin","doi":"10.2979/jss.2023.a910387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jss.2023.a910387","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article has two main purposes. First, it aims to unpack the question \"Are Jews white?\" by insisting that the assignment of even ambiguous racial identities to \"Jews\" as an undifferentiated collective is a categorical mistake. It argues instead for a highly contextualized approach to the racialization of certain Jews or groups of Jews in certain times and places for certain purposes and from certain perspectives—which need not imply any lessening of the import of such racialization. Second, and more specifically, it aims to provoke a careful discussion of the racialization of traditionalist Jews in the particular context of growing and recently established residential enclaves in the suburbs of New York City, and suggests that legal or scholarly understanding of their difference as primarily \"religious\" is also mistaken.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between \"Ḥarat al-Yahud\" and \"Paris on the Nile\": Social Mobility and Urban Culture among Jews in Twentieth-Century Cairo","authors":"Alon Tam","doi":"10.2979/jss.2023.a901518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jss.2023.a901518","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article I examine out-migration from old Cairo's Ḥarat al-Yahud (The Jews' Alley) to that city's urban expansions in the late nineteenth century and first half of the twentieth. This migration was coupled with large-scale Jewish immigration to Cairo and intersected with its modern urban culture, which Jews shared with Muslim and Christian Cairenes. I argue that for Cairene Jews, these migrations, urban spaces, and regular itineraries within them held the promise of upward social mobility and integration into an urban middle-class culture that did not erase their Jewishness but removed it as a social barrier. This argument works against common narratives that saw Jewish Egyptians as foreigners living separately from Muslim Egyptians in another cultural milieu.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Oufran \"Letters of Tzaddikim Burials\": Cross-Translations between Charms, Epitaphs, and Historiography","authors":"Orit Ouaknine-Yekutieli","doi":"10.2979/jss.2023.a901516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jss.2023.a901516","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In this article, I focus on two themes connected to the Jewish community of the southern Moroccan town of Oufran and its place within conceptions of Moroccan Jewishness and Jewish Moroccanness. The first theme is the story of Oufran's burned martyrs— ha-nisrafim in Hebrew—and the second, the topos of this community's antiquity. I analyze the intertextual creation, circulation, evolution, and use of the stories of Oufran by Jews, Muslims, and French-Christian colonial agents and discuss how these stories derive from and have sustained Judeo-Muslim imaginings and shared experiences. I also claim that Oufran's story and history are deeply affected by \"translations\" between different realms of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jews, Law, and the Modern State: Legal Nationalization in Colonial North Africa","authors":"Jessica M. Marglin","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.28.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.28.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article explores the transformation of Jewish law in the French colonial Maghrib (late nineteenth century to mid-twentieth century). Drawing primarily on Jewish newspapers in French and Judeo-Arabic and responsa in Hebrew, it explores how the perception and practice of Jewish law shifted in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. First, westernizing Jews came to think about Jewish law through the lens of French law. The status of women under Jewish law became a particular concern for many self-styled modernizers, though of course questions about women's rights were never absent from rabbinically oriented discourse. Second, Jewish law was nationalized—that is, authorities made efforts to both standardize and modernize Jewish law in a national mode, creating a Moroccan Jewish law, a Tunisian Jewish law, etc. Third, the elevation of Jewish law to a national, state-sanctioned jurisdiction imposed on all Jews—regardless of whether they believed or even whether they had converted out of Judaism—posed thorny legal problems. The legal history of Jews in twentieth-century North Africa offers an opportunity to rethink both the engagement of Jewish law with the state and the emergence of new ways of understanding Judaism and Jewish identity in the modern Middle East.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MENA Jewry after \"the Middle Eastern Turn\": Modernity and Its Shadows","authors":"Michelle Campos, Orit Bashkin, Lior Sternfeld","doi":"10.2979/jss.2023.a901511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jss.2023.a901511","url":null,"abstract":"MENA Jewry after \"the Middle Eastern Turn\":Modernity and Its Shadows Michelle Campos (bio), Orit Bashkin (bio), and Lior Sternfeld (bio) In the fall of 2021 Netflix began broadcasting an original Turkish dramatic series, \"Kulüp\" (The Club), which centered on the tragic story of a Sephardi Jewish convicted murderer, Matilda Aseo, as she earned early release from prison and attempted to rebuild her new life. Based on the family story of one of the screenwriters, Rana Denizer, and directed by Zeynep Günay Tan and Seren Yüce, the series' ten episodes follow Matilda as she navigates old ghosts and new relationships in 1950s Istanbul. The streets are peopled with Matilda's fellow Jews but also with Armenians, Greeks, secret crypto-Greeks and various other characters who \"pass\" as Muslims, and migrant Muslims from the countryside struggling to survive in the big city.1 The viewer is exposed to Ladino conversations and songs in the homes, synagogues, courtyards, and streets of Istanbul, as well as in Matilda's place of employment, a cutting-edge nightclub owned by \"Orhan Bey,\" the crypto-Greek Niko who, battling his own ghosts, employs numerous minorities in addition to its star entertainer, a closeted gay Muslim singer who has been disowned by his family. With the intimacy and familiarity of the street-level scenes, \"The Club\" reembeds non-Muslims into Istanbul's urban landscape, visually and sonically, as well as historically and socially.2 However, \"The Club\"'s Istanbul is anything but a cosmopolitan paradise, [End Page 3] and darker forces wait in the wings to threaten its fragile everyday coexistence. The dangers of communal boundary crossing are at the center of Matilda's personal story, a tragic tale of star-crossed intercommunal romance, betrayal, and murder. On the state level, virulent Turkish nationalism appears first in shattering Matilda's nuclear family, then in the club with demands made on the owner to fire all non-Muslim employees in order to \"Turkify\" the institution, until—in the climax of the series—horrendous violence overruns the streets when state-instigated rioters attack its \"non-Turkish\" residents. Matilda and her estranged daughter Raşel, herself claiming a Turkish name (Aysel) to chase after a Muslim suitor, survive, aided by her Muslim coworkers, and the series ends with \"their\" Istanbul shrunken into a tiny but safe island of tolerance, enclosed within the four walls of the club. The tragic stories at the heart of \"The Club\"—and the visceral images of the impact of the darker side of Turkish nationalism on Turkey's Jews and other non-Muslim minorities—are a sharp departure from the alternatively silent or celebratory narrative of Turkey's tiny Jewish community, which at least officially and publicly lauds Turkey as the successor to the Ottoman \"safe haven\" for expelled Iberian Sephardi Jews.3 As such, \"The Club\" provides an important platform for digging up painful periods in republican Turkish history, from the 1942 wealth ","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"It Was our Home and Sadly We Will Never Return\": Nostalgia and the Circulation of Images in Lebanese Jewish Virtual Communities","authors":"Molly Theodora Oringer","doi":"10.2979/jss.2023.a901515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jss.2023.a901515","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: By focusing on photographs pertaining to Beirut's historic Jewish neighborhood and central synagogue, I address in this article the mobilization of collective nostalgia on three Lebanese Jewish Facebook groups that provide a realm for debating, challenging, and reconstructing concepts of belonging while remembering a shared homeland from the diaspora. Furthermore, I explore how the nostalgic circulation and sharing of family photographs and anonymous snapshots of the community's pre-Civil War life privileges a particular perspective on how life once was, and by excluding other realities from both the photographic frame and historical narrative, creates a community history through which to imagine the future.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between the Border of Despair and the \"Circle of Tears\": Musrara on the Margins of Jewish-Arab Existence in Jerusalem","authors":"Moshe Naor, Abigail Jacobson","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.28.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.28.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article focuses on Jerusalem's Musrara—a neighborhood trapped between borders—between 1948 and 1967. Barbed wire running along the eastern side of the neighborhood divided the city of Jerusalem between 1948 and 1967. Musrara's western border separated it from West Jerusalem, thus enhancing the division between its residents—new immigrants of Middle Eastern descent—and the mainly Ashkenazi population of the western part of Jerusalem. Our analysis of a neighborhood on the margins of Jewish and Arab existence in post-1948 Jerusalem considers the perspectives of immigrants and refugees living on a double border that separated the Eastern-Arab part of the city from its Western-Jewish part, or between \"old Jerusalem\" and \"new Jerusalem.\" The border also signified the boundary between \"first Israel\" and \"second Israel,\" or the Jewish frontier and neighborhoods in the city center.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between \"Ḥarat al-Yahud\" and \"Paris on the Nile\": Social Mobility and Urban Culture among Jews in Twentieth-Century Cairo","authors":"Alon Tam","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.28.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.28.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In this article I examine out-migration from old Cairo's Ḥarat al-Yahud (The Jews' Alley) to that city's urban expansions in the late nineteenth century and first half of the twentieth. This migration was coupled with large-scale Jewish immigration to Cairo and intersected with its modern urban culture, which Jews shared with Muslim and Christian Cairenes. I argue that for Cairene Jews, these migrations, urban spaces, and regular itineraries within them held the promise of upward social mobility and integration into an urban middle-class culture that did not erase their Jewishness but removed it as a social barrier. This argument works against common narratives that saw Jewish Egyptians as foreigners living separately from Muslim Egyptians in another cultural milieu.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resurrecting Maghreb Pluriel ?: Jews and Postauthoritarian Tunisia","authors":"Achim Rohde","doi":"10.2979/jss.2023.a901517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jss.2023.a901517","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The Tunisian revolution of 2011 marked a partial reconfiguration of the political elite and the beginning of a protracted democratization process whose long-term success is far from secured. In this article, I discuss societal/political/cultural transformations toward democracy in Tunisia since 2011 through the prism of its tiny Jewish minority. The perceived homogeneity of Tunisian society has come under increasing scrutiny since the revolution, and this includes a heightened visibility of the country's Jewish community and a degree of public debate on related topics. I focus on three cases: the preservation of Jewish cultural heritage, the demise of an NGO designed to fight racism and antisemitism in Tunisia, and the commemoration of the German occupation of Tunisia during World War II. Addressing contemporary Tunisian history \"from the margins\" enables a more nuanced understanding of political struggles that accompany processes of de-/re-territorializing Tunisian collective identities.","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MENA Jewry after \"the Middle Eastern Turn\": Modernity and Its Shadows","authors":"Michelle Campos, Orit Bashkin, Lior Sternfeld","doi":"10.2979/jewisocistud.28.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.28.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"MENA Jewry after \"the Middle Eastern Turn\":Modernity and Its Shadows Michelle Campos (bio), Orit Bashkin (bio), and Lior Sternfeld (bio) In the fall of 2021 Netflix began broadcasting an original Turkish dramatic series, \"Kulüp\" (The Club), which centered on the tragic story of a Sephardi Jewish convicted murderer, Matilda Aseo, as she earned early release from prison and attempted to rebuild her new life. Based on the family story of one of the screenwriters, Rana Denizer, and directed by Zeynep Günay Tan and Seren Yüce, the series' ten episodes follow Matilda as she navigates old ghosts and new relationships in 1950s Istanbul. The streets are peopled with Matilda's fellow Jews but also with Armenians, Greeks, secret crypto-Greeks and various other characters who \"pass\" as Muslims, and migrant Muslims from the countryside struggling to survive in the big city.1 The viewer is exposed to Ladino conversations and songs in the homes, synagogues, courtyards, and streets of Istanbul, as well as in Matilda's place of employment, a cutting-edge nightclub owned by \"Orhan Bey,\" the crypto-Greek Niko who, battling his own ghosts, employs numerous minorities in addition to its star entertainer, a closeted gay Muslim singer who has been disowned by his family. With the intimacy and familiarity of the street-level scenes, \"The Club\" reembeds non-Muslims into Istanbul's urban landscape, visually and sonically, as well as historically and socially.2 However, \"The Club\"'s Istanbul is anything but a cosmopolitan paradise, [End Page 3] and darker forces wait in the wings to threaten its fragile everyday coexistence. The dangers of communal boundary crossing are at the center of Matilda's personal story, a tragic tale of star-crossed intercommunal romance, betrayal, and murder. On the state level, virulent Turkish nationalism appears first in shattering Matilda's nuclear family, then in the club with demands made on the owner to fire all non-Muslim employees in order to \"Turkify\" the institution, until—in the climax of the series—horrendous violence overruns the streets when state-instigated rioters attack its \"non-Turkish\" residents. Matilda and her estranged daughter Raşel, herself claiming a Turkish name (Aysel) to chase after a Muslim suitor, survive, aided by her Muslim coworkers, and the series ends with \"their\" Istanbul shrunken into a tiny but safe island of tolerance, enclosed within the four walls of the club. The tragic stories at the heart of \"The Club\"—and the visceral images of the impact of the darker side of Turkish nationalism on Turkey's Jews and other non-Muslim minorities—are a sharp departure from the alternatively silent or celebratory narrative of Turkey's tiny Jewish community, which at least officially and publicly lauds Turkey as the successor to the Ottoman \"safe haven\" for expelled Iberian Sephardi Jews.3 As such, \"The Club\" provides an important platform for digging up painful periods in republican Turkish history, from the 1942 wealth ","PeriodicalId":45288,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES","volume":"423 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}