{"title":"Mine Electrification and Power Electronics: The roles of wide-bandgap devices","authors":"Nesimi Ertuğrul","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2023.3348254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2023.3348254","url":null,"abstract":"In the rugged terrains of traditional mining, a revolutionary shift is taking place, driven by the desire to achieve net-zero targets and respond to multiple challenges, primarily health issues and operational inefficiencies. The electrification of mining operations depends upon the integration of advanced power electronics (PEs) and wide-bandgap (WBG) devices, which serve as the enabling technology by efficiently converting and controlling electrical power, ensuring not only energy savings and reduced emissions but also robust, reliable systems. In the meantime, the mining sector is evolving into a key player in grid modernization, driven by an increase in distributed energy resources (DERs), the need for energy efficiency, and the growing interconnectedness and digitization of power systems. This modernization is critical for ensuring grid resiliency and security, particularly in the face of potential cyberthreats. As mining operations move toward full electrification, elements such as renewable energy, energy storage, microgrids, electric mobility, and digitization play a central role, with autonomous dc microgrids emerging as a viable solution to ensure reliability and safety in both the power grid and mining sites. Therefore, WBG device-based PEs are pivotal in mining transition by offering advanced control, energy management, and protection required for efficient grids, devices, and machineries. In addition, WBG devices’ exceptional characteristics, such as high-efficiency, high-power, and high-frequency capabilities and higher temperature tolerance are ideal for mining applications, specifically in large-scale mining machinery that demands significant electric energy. The outcome is reduced energy consumption, enhanced reliability, and the development of more compact machinery designs with less waste heat, diminishing the need for extensive cooling systems.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mine Electrification and Oliver Heaviside’s Operational Calculus [From the Editor]","authors":"Lingling Fan","doi":"10.1109/mele.2023.3348252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2023.3348252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Maadani, Hossein Ranjbar, S. A. Pourmousavi
{"title":"Industrial Internet of Things in Mine Electrification: Necessity or luxury?","authors":"Mohsen Maadani, Hossein Ranjbar, S. A. Pourmousavi","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2023.3348350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2023.3348350","url":null,"abstract":"Mining electrification, defined as the process of using electricity to power mine sites instead of fossil fuels, is one of the most significant and transformative trends in the mining industry of our time. It has direct impacts on the environment, social, and governance, license to operate, global competitiveness, and the ability to raise capital from investors and financiers. Recent industry efforts reflect the recognition of the importance of this trend by the mining industry.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Riedemann, Eduardo Reyes, Nuapett Sarasiri, Ruben Pena, I. Andrade
{"title":"Renewable Source-Based Water Pumping Electrification in Mines: Current technologies and future trends","authors":"J. Riedemann, Eduardo Reyes, Nuapett Sarasiri, Ruben Pena, I. Andrade","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2023.3348349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2023.3348349","url":null,"abstract":"Water pumping is an essential function in diverse industrial sectors, including manufacturing, mining, agriculture, oil and gas, and chemical processing. The global energy consumption of pumps is approximately 15%, and in the particular case of the mining industry, pumps can represent up to a 24% of the average consumption of energy, as shown in Figure 1. The use of water in the mining industry has some distinctive features compared to other industrial applications. Most of the large mines are located in arid or semiarid regions where water is scarce and there are few competing users, such as agriculture and towns. A mine itself could be the largest water user in the sector. Therefore, to cope with water scarcity, it could be necessary to transport the water large distances to supply a mine. In general, a mine requires water in several processes, some of them critical, then, pumping is crucial to ensure the continuous operation of the industry. On the other hand, regarding the geographical location, as mines could operate in windy regions and/or regions rich in solar irradiation, e.g., copper mines in Chile and Australia, or chromite mines in South Africa, the use of renewable energies to supply pumps is an attractive option. In this article, we explore pumping requirements in the mining industry, its possibilities for electrification based on renewables sources, the limitations, and the prospections of this relevant industrial sector.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zero-Emission Marine Vessels: Multidomain Modeling and Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop Emulation on Adaptive Compute Acceleration Platform: Zero-emission marine vessels: modeling and real-time emulation","authors":"C. Lyu, V. Dinavahi","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2023.3320509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2023.3320509","url":null,"abstract":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are becoming increasingly common in modern marine electric vessels, helping achieve the sustainable development objective of lowered emissions and zero-emission marine transportation. This article introduces a hierarchical hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) emulation scheme for the zero-emission marine vessel at the system level and device level. A comprehensive computational PEMFC model is presented in electrical, thermal, and fluid domains. Electromagnetic transient program models are utilized for batteries, power converters, and electric thrusters to describe their behavior and dynamic response and analyze the influence of system components on their performance. The real-time hardware emulation on the Xilinx Versal adaptive compute acceleration platform (ACAP) provides the ability to simulate the complete system at microsecond-level time intervals, which is essential for validating the marine vessel’s dynamic behavior under various operating conditions. The results demonstrate that the multidomain PEMFC model effectively captures the complex electrical, fluid, and thermal behavior and the interaction with marine vessels. Additionally, the proposed hierarchical HIL emulation scheme is proven to be a valuable tool for the design and testing of zero-emission marine vessels, which enables comprehensive assessment and verification of vessel performance.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138615254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electromagnetic Transient Simulation: Moving to the Mainstream [Technology Leader]","authors":"Brian K. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2023.3320482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2023.3320482","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation has moved from a tool used for a few specialist applications, such as insulation coordination, to becoming a common tool for interconnection studies for inverter-based resources (IBRs). Historically, many utilities had few, if any, engineers with a background to perform EMT studies. Today, the proliferation of inverter-based generation and storage resources makes EMT simulation a critical tool for protection and planning studies.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Basics of Electromagnetic Transients: Underlying mathematics","authors":"Xin Ma, Xiao-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1109/MELE.2023.3320485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2023.3320485","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation plays an important role is power system operation, control, and planning. Considering that the digital computer is unable to give a continuous history of transient phenomena, it is essential to solve the time response at discrete intervals reasonably. In the 1960s, Dommel first started an EMT solution by a nodal matrix method. To reduce solution time for nonlinear and time-varying components, Dommel proposed a compensation method and developed equivalent circuits for those components in 1971. To improve the calculation speed, Dommel introduced a new technique for solving EMTs with the implicit trapezoidal rule of integration in 1972. In 1986, Dommel published his EMT Program (EMTP) theory book, where all of the EMT component modeling and overall solution methods are detailed.","PeriodicalId":45277,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Electrification Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}