{"title":"Chief Willie Bongmatur Maldo and the role of Chiefs in Vanuatu","authors":"Lissant M Bolton","doi":"10.1080/00223349808572869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349808572869","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There were and are many different forms of indigenous community leadership in the archipelago now known as Vanuatu. Missionaries and officials of the Anglo‐French Condominium Government introduced into this diversity the concept ‘chief, a title used to designate the men who represented their communities in the non‐traditional contexts of church and state. During the period in which Vanuatu sought and achieved Independence, this role for chiefs altered. They became not so much those who engaged with the new, as those who represented the old. The foundation of the National Council of Chiefs defined chiefs as authoritative representatives of indigenous knowledge and practice, and constituted them as advisers to the Parliament, giving traditionalist ni‐Vanuatu a stake in the creation of the new nation. This paper tracks this transformation through the career of Chief Willie Bongmatur Maldo, founding President of the National Council of Chiefs, and an influential figure in the formation of the indepen...","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"33 1","pages":"179-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349808572869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59057475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sophia Elau, Ungka the gibbon, and the pearly nautilus","authors":"L. Lindstrom","doi":"10.1080/00223349808572856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349808572856","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract George Bennett, a young surgeon from Plymouth and an ambitious natural scientist, collected three remarkable items during a voyage around the world from 1829 to 1831. These items were a pearly nautilus, which Bennett celebrated as the first of its species to be taken alive; a gibbon from Sumatra; and a six‐year‐old girl from Erromanga named Elau. Elau was the first ni‐Vanuatu to travel to Britain. By 1834, all three of Bennett's finds were dead and dissected for the advancement of British science. The three also contributed to an evolving literature for middle class children. Children's literature often illustrates, in concentrated form, the various political projects and cultural understandings of social groups. As a moral tale, Elau's story was one of savage education and reform — issues of concern then to pre‐Victorians worried about the internal barbarity of their own children and also that of the working class.","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"33 1","pages":"5-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349808572856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59056780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘My only weapon being a pencil’: Inscribing the prison in the New Hebrides","authors":"Margaret G. Rodman","doi":"10.1080/00223349808572857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349808572857","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The process of producing British prisons and prisoners in the colonial New Hebrides is the subject of this paper. Under the Anglo‐French Condominium, British and French police forces theoretically were divisions of a single armed constabulary; yet each operated separately in practice. Prison labour became essential to a spatial order that the British feared they could not otherwise achieve. The paper begins with the account of a colonial officer, armed with only a pencil, arresting a murderer in 1907. It then examines an archival debate about allowing some prisoners to live in grass houses, and ends with analysis of interviews with retired colonial officers, their wives and children about attitudes toward prisoners. The conclusion is that islanders, for their own reasons, were complicit with the British project of creating stereotypically ‘docile axe murderers'; the British, therefore, were right to be concerned about what the natives thought and, occasionally, to be afraid.","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"11 1","pages":"29-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349808572857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59056824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Titular disputes and national leadership in Samoa","authors":"M. Tuimalealiifano","doi":"10.1080/00223349808572860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349808572860","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The political history of Samoa is principally a contest about matai (titled family head) titles. The significance of matai titles lies in the appurtenant land to which is tied the welfare of most Samoans. The contest for titles translates into the struggle for security of rights and access to land and resources. Four ancient and sacred titles called pāapā stood at the apex of Samoan society and an elite group of orators called tumua ma pule managed the complex political contest. Successful accession to all four titles was rare and contending parties usually spent a good deal of their lifetime in the struggle maintaining this largely ceremonial status. The most eligible contenders came from the Sā Tupuā family and were joined in the early 19th century by the Sā Malietoā family. The title disputes caused endless disruptions and the colonial administrations eventually abolished the titles. But they could not be swept away because the titles provided an ideological superstructure which glued the majo...","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"33 1","pages":"91-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349808572860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59056541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anthropology and the professionalisation of colonial administration in Papua and New Guinea","authors":"I. C. Campbell","doi":"10.1080/00223349808572859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349808572859","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the 1920s Australia took three steps to raise the quality of its field staff engaged in ‘native administration’ in Papua and New Guinea: the appointment of government anthropologists, the institution of a cadet scheme, and the establishment of a chair of anthropology at the University of Sydney. The driving force behind all steps was J. H. P. Murray, who had first expressed an intention in 1915, and had been interested in the usefulness of anthropologists since meeting Dr C. G. Seligman in 1904. To persuade the Australian government and his colleagues in New Guinea, Murray enlisted support from academic circles and others interested in colonial affairs. Besides official suspicion of ‘experts’, Murray had to overcome the parsimony of the Australian government which otherwise responded warmly to his suggestions. The greatest difficulties were practical, but the delay in implementing all three steps was due more to an anxiety on Australia's part not to make mistakes and to undertake innovatio...","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"33 1","pages":"69-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349808572859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59056941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First contact mission narratives from eastern Papua New Guinea","authors":"D. Wetherell","doi":"10.1080/00223349808572862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349808572862","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"33 1","pages":"111-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349808572862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59057391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"French ships at Guam, 1708–1717: Introduction to a little‐known period in Pacific history ∗","authors":"Rodrigue Lévesque","doi":"10.1080/00223349808572861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349808572861","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"33 1","pages":"105-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349808572861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59057292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Papua New Guinea national elections 1997","authors":"J. Griffin","doi":"10.1080/00223349708572853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349708572853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"32 1","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349708572853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59056946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The money and the gun mercenary times in Papua New Guinea","authors":"Sinclair Dinnen","doi":"10.1080/00223349708572851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349708572851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"32 1","pages":"52-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349708572851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59056377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}