JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY最新文献

{"title":"Land use on Mago, Fiji: 1865-1882.","authors":"R Gerard Ward","doi":"10.1080/00223340220139306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223340220139306","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1860s, settlers from Australia, New Zealand, America and Europe rushed to Fiji to buy land. The American Civil War (1861–65) had disrupted the supply of cotton, prices rose quickly, and an urgent search for new sources was stimulated. The suitability of Fiji’s environment for cotton growing had been reported by several observers in the late 1850s, and this laid the basis for the rush. Of the many cotton plantations established in Fiji, that on Mago was one of the most innovative and successful. Cotton was introduced into Fiji in the 1830s, and by the 1850s was growing wild, or ‘without attention’,2 in the vicinity of many villages. Samples of cotton from Fiji examined by the Cotton Supply Association, Manchester, in 1859 were reported ‘to be of qualities most desirable for the manufactures of this country ... [and] that such a range of excellent cotton is scarcely now received from any cotton growing country’.3 The Ž rst commercial shipment of cotton to Manchester from Fiji was made in 1860, before the American Civil War broke out, and thus some of the conditions for a rapid expansion of cotton production were already in place before the main in ux of would-be cotton growers arrived. Many cotton plantations were established and although cotton production in the southern states of the USA gradually recovered after the end of the Civil War, ‘plantation land use [in Fiji] in the period 1868 to 1872 was almost completely dominated by cotton planting’.5 Cotton contributed over 80% of all exports from Fiji in 1867 and again in 1870–73. Although there are descriptions of several plantations in the 1870s and 1880s, few detailed maps exist from this period to show the land use and layout of individual estates. Even the evidence put before the Land Claims Commission between 1876 and 1882 included few maps showing land use, although evidence of occupation and use that had been accepted by the Fijians of the area was often crucial to the outcome of a case. Thus the map of land use on Mago in 1882, which forms the centre piece of this paper, is of particular interest because of its relative rarity (Figure 1). Figure 1 is based on a map dated 18 June 1882 and drawn at a scale of 10 chains to one inch (1:7920) by G.G. Crompton, Licensed Surveyor. It was lodged in the map Ž les of the Department of Lands, Suva (Ž le number I.10) and copied for me in 1959–60. It represents the last phase of cotton growing on Mago, the results of some of the crop and livestock experimentation by the island’s Ž rst European planters, the Ryder brothers, and the beginning of a short-lived period of sugar production by the island’s next owners, the Mango [sic] Island Company Ltd. Figure 1 shows that in mid-1882 sugar nurseries had been established and an extensive area, mostly on basaltic soils, allocated for planting in sugar. Almost 80 years later, the only cash crop was coconuts, and the area under palms was almost identical to those areas used in 1882 for coconuts, co","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"37 1","pages":"103-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223340220139306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26716136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Le president des Terres Australies\": Charles de Brosses and the French Enlightenment beginnings of Oceanic anthropology.","authors":"Tom Ryan","doi":"10.1080/0022334022000006583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0022334022000006583","url":null,"abstract":"In 1756, Charles de Brosses, President of the Burgundy parliament, published his Histoire des navigations aux terres australes , the first systematic summary of voyaging narratives by European navigators in the Antipodes. While historians of Pacific exploration have long recognised the significance of this text, its reflections on the human inhabitants of the South Seas appear never to have attracted critical attention. The present essay focuses on de Brosses's division of the main part of this 'fifth part of the globe' into regions he named 'Australasia' and 'Polynesia', and his speculations on the racial derivation and societal types of their native populations. It will be shown that these ideas had a major impact on how subsequent writers, especially Bougainville and J.R. Forster, understood the indigenous peoples of the Pacific. Similarly, Histoire des navigations aux terres australes will be considered in relation to de Brosses's wider ethnological corpus, and to a general flowering of anthropological thought in Enlightenment France.","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"37 2","pages":"157-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0022334022000006583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26716135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A.F.R. Wollaston and the \"Utakwa River mountain Papuan\" skulls.","authors":"C Ballard","doi":"10.1080/00223340120049488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223340120049488","url":null,"abstract":"This note describes the results of research into the provenance of a small collection of human remains currently held at the Natural History Museum in London. These remains consist of four skulls, which almost certainly derive from individuals of the Amungme community in what is now the Indonesian province of Papua (Irian Jaya). The precise circumstances of the original collection of these skulls by the Wollaston Expedition to Dutch New Guinea of 1912–13 have not previously been clarified, and evidence is offered here to suggest that the silence on this matter has been deliberate.","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"36 1","pages":"117-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223340120049488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28378914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women in Mangaian society: a historical portrait.","authors":"M P Reilly","doi":"10.1080/00223340120075542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223340120075542","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates commonly held assumptions about the subordinate place of women in Mangaian society before the arrival of Christianity. In a review of the available evidence from Mangaia and elsewhere in Polynesia, this paper suggests that suitably selected and trained women in a society such as pre-contact Mangaia could fill certain important positions as priestly experts and tribal historians. Mangaian women were also fearless warriors and resolute in saving the lives of family members and other connections, suggesting that they held a respected place within the ancestral social order of Mangaia.","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"36 2","pages":"149-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223340120075542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28376365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Dusky damsels\": Pitcairn Island's neglected matriarchs of the Bounty saga.","authors":"R Langdon","doi":"10.1080/713682826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713682826","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1920s and 1930s, the American physical anthropologist Harry L. Shapiro studied the inheritance of anthropometric and qualitative traits among descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Polynesian wives on Norfolk and Pitcairrn Islands. He assumed that the islanders were derived from 'two fairly divergent groups - English and Tahitian', the women being 'the darker ancestral group' in skin colour and 'fairly homozygous for brown eyes'. However, his findings did not tally with his 'Mendelian expectations'. Skins and eyes were generally lighter and the islanders looked too European. The article argues that many Tahitians of the Bounty 's time were descended from European seamen of the lost caravel San Lesmes , who had settled in the Society Islands in 1526. Selective breeding since then had produced a predominantly white Caucasoid population.","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"35 1","pages":"29-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/713682826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27275635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crises of God and man: Papua New Guinea political chronicle 1997–99","authors":"H. Nelson","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572910","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"35 1","pages":"259-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59059468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The democracy movement and the 1999 Tongan elections","authors":"I. C. Campbell","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572911","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"265-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59059620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negotiating a Tuna management regime for the western and central pacific: The MHLC process 1994–1999","authors":"Sandra Tarte","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572912","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"273-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59059774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Mischief: The trouble with African analogies","authors":"D. Denoon","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572913","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"281-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59059886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communalism and a constitution: Fiji's general election of May 1999","authors":"D. Scarr","doi":"10.1080/00223349908572909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"34 1","pages":"253-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349908572909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59059911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}