{"title":"“Any Outsider Who Encroaches Will Be Put to Death”: Numbers 18:7 and its Interpretation in Second Temple Literature","authors":"Hanan Birenboim","doi":"10.1163/15700631-bja10081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700631-bja10081","url":null,"abstract":"In its biblical context, the injunction stipulating that “the outsider who encroaches shall be put to death” seems to apply to any non-priest or non-Levite who tries to participate in the tabernacle services. This interpretation seems to have been adopted during the Second Temple period, as attested to by the Temple Scroll (11QT<jats:sup>a</jats:sup>). There is no source that states that an unauthorized entrant to the temple is subject to capital punishment, except for a gentile: Philo and Josephus write that a gentile who enters the temple court is subject to the death penalty. Several scholars propose that this punishment derives from a reinterpretation of the biblical injunction, and it seems that this interpretation originated during the Hasmonean rebellion. The claim that Herod innovated the injunction subjecting a gentile who ascended beyond the balustrade to death is difficult to accept.","PeriodicalId":45167,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Judaism","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139515848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Divine Abstract Qualities and God’s Middot in Second Temple and Rabbinic Literature","authors":"Menahem Kister","doi":"10.1163/15700631-bja10080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700631-bja10080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The starting point of the article is a much-studied rabbinic tradition concerning ten abstract qualities by which the world was created. I contend that other rabbinic passages, concerning seven abstract qualities that minister before God’s throne, and seven—or ten—abstract qualities by which the world was created, are all variants of the same tradition. Each of these texts is scrutinized. The tradition embodied in these passages is traced back to the Second Temple period: an apocryphal psalm found at Qumran and a passage of the Damascus Document. The interchange between abstract divine qualities and angels, attested in passages of rabbinic literature, can also be traced back to 1 Enoch 40:9. Passages of the <em>hekhalot</em> literature can be instructively compared with the Testament of Abraham. The article demonstrates the continuity of <em>theologoumena</em> and phraseology concerning the divine in ancient Judaism, from the Second Temple period to late antiquity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45167,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Judaism","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exempla in 1 Maccabees and Josephus’ Bellum Judaicum: Doing Jewish Exemplarity in the Greco-Roman World","authors":"Carson Bay, Jan Willem van Henten","doi":"10.1163/15700631-bja10082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700631-bja10082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study of e<em>xempla</em> and exemplarity in Mediterranean antiquity touches the methodological borderlines and interest areas of several distinct academic disciplines. Earlier studies focused on semantics and the development from the Greek <styled-content lang=\"el-Grek\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:ifp=\"http://www.ifactory.com/press\">παράδειγμα</styled-content> to the Roman <em>exemplum</em>. More recently, the field of Classics has tended to examine exemplarity as a phenomenon with a distinctively Roman edge. At the same time, scholars in adjacent disciplines like ancient Judaism and early Christianity have engaged Classics scholarship on this topic in their own work. This paper extends this arena by clarifying aspects of exemplarity within two paradigmatic texts of Hellenistic- and Roman-era Judaism. We examine 1 Maccabees 2:49–68 and Josephus’ <em>Jewish War</em> 6.99–110, both speeches set within “contemporary” histories written by Jewish authors. By examining these ancient Jewish passages, written within the Greco-Roman world, we help add clarity and meaning to what could be “Jewish” about exemplarity in ancient Mediterranean contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":45167,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Judaism","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138745886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Need for Rabbinic Nomikoi: A Response to Yair Furstenberg","authors":"Kimberley Czajkowski","doi":"10.1163/15700631-bja10079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700631-bja10079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Yair Furstenberg, in his article “The Rabbinic Movement from Pharisees to Provincial Jurists” (<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">DOI</span>: 10.1163/15700631-bja10070), draws parallels between the rise of the rabbinic movement and jurists in other Eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. This response considers how far we may push the comparison, especially with regard to the stimuli behind the changes in rabbinic activities that Furstenberg posits.</p>","PeriodicalId":45167,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Judaism","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138580307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Aramaic Papyri from Elephantine in Berlin, written by James D. Moore","authors":"Bob Becking","doi":"10.1163/15700631-12511384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12511384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45167,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Judaism","volume":"13 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Book of Job in Jewish Life and Thought. Critical Essays, written by Jason Kalman","authors":"C. Cordoni","doi":"10.1163/15700631-12511385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12511385","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45167,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Judaism","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period: Volume 4: The Jews under the Roman Shadow (4 BCE–150 CE), written by Lester L. Grabbe","authors":"Amram Tropper","doi":"10.1163/15700631-12511382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12511382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45167,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Judaism","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2 Maccabees 1–7. A Handbook on the Greek Text, written by Seth M. Ehorn 2 Maccabees 8–15. A Handbook on the Greek Text, written by Seth M. Ehorn","authors":"Robert Doran","doi":"10.1163/15700631-12511379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12511379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45167,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Judaism","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Transition from the Achaemenid to the Hellenistic Period in the Levant, Cyprus, and Cilicia. Cultural Interruption or Continuity? Symposion at Philipps-Universität Marburg, October 12–15, 2017, edited by Winfried Held","authors":"Benedikt Eckhardt","doi":"10.1163/15700631-12511380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12511380","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45167,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Judaism","volume":"131 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum, vol. 4, edited by Noah Hacham and Tal Ilan Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum, vol. 5, edited by Noah Hacham and Tal Ilan","authors":"Pieter W. van der Horst","doi":"10.1163/15700631-12511383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12511383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45167,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of Judaism","volume":"148 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139206362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}