Statistica最新文献

{"title":"Living Arrangements and Socio-Economic Conditions among Egyptian Elderly. The Determinants of Late-Life Family Structures","authors":"A. Angeli, M. Novelli","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8736","url":null,"abstract":"Egypt is facing the dual challenges of being both young and rapidly transitioning. Population structure is changing, with main effects on several dimensions of individual and social life, which include family structures and relations. We aim to analyze the conditions of the elderly and to evaluate whether or not household structures, as well as the living arrangements of the elderly, have changed in recent years. Moreover, we aim to individuate the determinants of late-life living arrangements: independent living or co-residence. Trends in late-life living arrangements and intergenerational ties derive fromthree rounds of the Egyptian Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS) carried out in 1998, 2006 and 2012. To assess which respondents’ characteristics are related to the individual living arrangement a multinomial regression model, where the dependent variables are represented by the household types, has been implemented in 2012 data. Men and women live the latter part of their life in different living arrangements and relationships. Moreover, findings underlined situations of poor material conditions and poor health. Data confirma need for policy interventions to meet long-term needs of the elderly, taking into account the raising trend toward living alone or in households with only elderly members. In particular, it is essential to discover the channels of intervention in the rural areas of the country to protect the elderly from poverty, as many researchers have already pointed out.","PeriodicalId":45117,"journal":{"name":"Statistica","volume":"79 1","pages":"135-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46413238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Poverty and Economic Inequality Matter for Neonatal Mortality? International Comparison of Macro-Level Deterministic Patterns of Early-Age Mortality","authors":"Filippo Temporin","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8566","url":null,"abstract":"While socioeconomic determinants of infant mortality have received substantial attention in the literature, determinants of neonatal and post-neonatal mortality have rarely been analysed and compared. By making use ofWorld Bank data, this country-level study aims to highlight different patterns of association of poverty and income inequality with mortality occurring in the neonatal and post-neonatal periods, controlling for other socioeconomic variables. Poverty is found to be the major determinant of both mortality outcomes, while economic inequality is not a predictor of early-age mortality. This is perhaps because this analysis considers only countries where many households may lack resources for an adequate living standard; in such a context, the absolute level of poverty, rather than its distribution, has an effect on infant health. Moreover, a non-monetary manifestation of poverty, namely access to clean water, is a predictor of both mortality outcomes, probably due to its association with water-borne diseases. By identifying the socioeconomic factors associated with early-age mortality, this study has implications for social policies designed to tackle neonatal and post-neonatal mortality and can partly explain the stagnation in neonatal mortality rates observed over the last decades.","PeriodicalId":45117,"journal":{"name":"Statistica","volume":"79 1","pages":"157-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44748454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of Inter-Districts Migrations in Tanzania. A Gravity-Type Modeling Approach","authors":"Elena Pirani, M. Marino, A. Petrucci","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8538","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate the role of environmental factors as potential drivers of internal migrations in Tanzania, along with a number of socio-economic factors traditionally identified as key correlates. Climate changes are expected to exert pressure on areas which mainly rely on agricultural activities and, as a result, act as push factors for population movements. Yet, understanding the association between migration, environmental conditions, and objectively-determined characteristics of origin and destination territories remains a challenging task, especially in developing countries. In this study, we follow a macro approach and focus on migration flows across Tanzanian districts. By implementing a gravity-type model, we analyse the potential impact of environmental shocks and socio-economic characteristics of both the area of origin and destination on inter-districts migration.","PeriodicalId":45117,"journal":{"name":"Statistica","volume":"79 1","pages":"201-221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44979773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic Research Perspectives on the Developing Countries. An Editorial Note","authors":"F. Scalone","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/9756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/9756","url":null,"abstract":"We collect and present five research articles on some urgent demographic issues affecting the population in the global south. The studies focus on child mortality, fertility tendencies, migration and the aging process, considering countries such as Egypt (Angeli, Ambrosetti and Novelli), Tanzania (Pirani, Marino and Petrucci) and Bangladesh (Puglisi and Busetta), while one article measures the effects of inequality on early life survival in 79 developing countries. Despite the international authorities’ many efforts to improve living conditions and remove social and economic disparities, at the dawn of the XXI century, too many child and maternal deaths are still registered in many developing countries, and infant and child mortality can still, sadly, be considered an active research field. Following the debate on the effects of inequality, Filippo Temporin investigates the role of poverty on neonatal mortality in 79 developing countries, showing how the absolute material conditions, such as the availability of clean water, matter more than the monetary measures. However, poverty has other dimensions that impact child mortality. As Puglisi and Busetta show using individual data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), parental education and the mothers’ education levels affect under-five mortality in Bangladesh. According to these results, to significantly reduce infant and child mortality in poor settings, economic development needs to be accompanied by a more general improvement in female social conditions. However, new issues can arise from the demographic transitions that are rapidly reaching the final stages in many countries of the global south and that are quickly changing the age structures. As a result, in the future, a growing increase in the proportion of the older population will significantly affect the fragile health and social systems of these countries that are already suffering from a lack of social services, exacerbating the poor living conditions of the older population. In fact, older people who live alone in precarious material and health conditions will need more care and social assistance. Considering Egypt, the most populous Arab country, Angeli and Novelli explore the tendencies in late-life arrangements, highlighting the association between the household types and the social characteristics of the elderly.","PeriodicalId":45117,"journal":{"name":"Statistica","volume":"79 1","pages":"133-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47193478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ideal Family Size and Fertility in Egypt: An Overview of Recent Trends","authors":"E. Ambrosetti, A. Angeli, M. Novelli","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8811","url":null,"abstract":"Egypt is already the most populous Arab country in the world with 93 million citizens in 2016 which may grow to about 120 million by 2030 if the same level of fertility continues. This paper aims to offer an overview of the evolution over time of the ideal number of children in Egypt, assessing previous researches and giving a particular emphasis on most recent data on such topic. In a context of raising fertility, whose causes are still unknown, we test the persistence of a high ideal number of children among younger cohorts.","PeriodicalId":45117,"journal":{"name":"Statistica","volume":"79 1","pages":"223-244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44817087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION ON UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY: INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY-LEVEL EFFECTS IN BANGLADESH","authors":"C. Puglisi, A. Busetta","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8584","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the relationship between parental education and child survival, considering both the influence of the maternal and paternal educational level and the influence of communitylevel male and female education on under-five mortality. The research is focused on Bangladesh, a country where the impressive decline in the under-five mortality rate between 1990 and 2015 was attributed both to female empowerment and to the increase in the general level of education in the country. Using the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey from 2014, this paper investigates both the effect of individual-level parental education and of community-level education on under-five mortality, through a multilevel logistic regression analysis. Our results confirm the importance of individual-level education, with a stronger effect of the educational level of mothers compared to that of fathers. This last result disappears once we control for educational assortative mating. At the contextual level, the average level of female education in the community only slightly influences under-five survival, whereas male schooling does not at all impact the chances of survival of a child aged under five.","PeriodicalId":45117,"journal":{"name":"Statistica","volume":"79 1","pages":"181-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47118406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bivariate Quantile Functions and their Applications to Reliability Modelling","authors":"B. Vineshkumar, N. Nair","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8024","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a new definition of bivariate quantile function suited for reliability modelling and illustrate its applications. The bivariate hazard and mean residual quantile functions are defined and their properties are studied. Examples of generating new quantile functions and application of the results to model data are provided.","PeriodicalId":45117,"journal":{"name":"Statistica","volume":"79 1","pages":"3-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42887660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of Preliminary Test Estimators and Preliminary Test Confidence Intervals for Measures of Reliability of an Exponentiated Distribution Based on Type-II Censoring","authors":"Ajit Chaturvedi, Anshika Bhatnagar","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8543","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper has developed the preliminary test estimators (PTEs) of the model parameter raised to certain power, σ p , and the two measures of reliability, namely, the reliability function, R(t ) and the reliability of an item or a system, P of an exponentiated distribution, under Type- II censoring, based on their uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators (UMVUEs) and maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs). The preliminary test confidence intervals (PTCIs) are also developed for σ, R(t ) and P based on their UMVUEs and MLEs. Further, the paper has derived expression for coverage probability of the PTCI of the model parameter, σ. Merits of the proposed PTEs are also established through analysis of simulated numerical data.","PeriodicalId":45117,"journal":{"name":"Statistica","volume":"79 1","pages":"111-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44385970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation in Inverse Weibull Distribution Based on Randomly Censored Data","authors":"Kapil Kumar, I. Kumar","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8414","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the estimation of the parameters and reliability characteristics in inverse Weibull (IW) distribution based on the random censoring model. The censoring distribution is also taken as an IW distribution. Maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters, survival and failure rate functions are derived. Asymptotic confidence intervals of the parameters based on the Fisher information matrix are constructed. Bayes estimators of the parameters, survival and failure rate functions under squared error loss function using non-informative and gamma informative priors are developed. Furthermore, Bayes estimates are obtained using Tierney-Kadane's approximation method and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. Also, highest posterior density (HPD) credible intervals of the parameters based on MCMC techniques are constructed. A simulation study is conducted to compare the performance of various estimates. Finally, a randomly censored real data set supports the estimation procedures developed in this article.","PeriodicalId":45117,"journal":{"name":"Statistica","volume":"79 1","pages":"47-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44404531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Odd Log-Logistic Power Series Family of Distributions: Properties and Applications","authors":"M. Goldoust, Sadegh Rezaei, M. Alizadeh, S. Nadarajah","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-2201/8115","url":null,"abstract":"A new family of continuous distributions obtained by compounding the odd log-logistic and power series distributions is introduced. The mathematical properties of the proposed family are discussed. The estimation of the parameters is considered by the maximum likelihood method. In order to assess the finite sample performance of maximum likelihood estimators, simulation studies are performed. Finally, the potentiality of the family is illustrated by means of applications to two real data sets.","PeriodicalId":45117,"journal":{"name":"Statistica","volume":"79 1","pages":"77-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44823539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}