South African Historical Journal最新文献

{"title":"‘Gangsters by the Bioscope’: South African Indian Cinemas as Spaces of Becoming during Early Apartheid","authors":"Damon Heatlie","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2023.2259116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2023.2259116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTFrom the 1940s to the 1960s, South African Indians encountered new cinema spaces opening in their ghettoes in Durban and Johannesburg. Cinemas afforded working-class people an experience of luxury, a sense of a public, and a taste of opportunity and glamour. As part of the negotiation of new diasporic and hybrid identities during early apartheid, cinema played a constitutive role in the reshaping of selves. A balancing act of ‘traditional’ (Indian) and ‘modern’ (Western/South African) cultural elements was required in this reconstruction. Old parts of self had to be at least partially forgotten and new parts assimilated to deal with new conditions. Cinematic identification and the self-fashioning of identity facilitated a reimagining of identity formation as an ‘assemblage’ – a playing out or testing of various new ‘roles’ and positions alongside old ones. One of these new roles was an aggressive Indian ‘gangster’ masculinity, informed by prevailing national conditions and transnational cinematic gangster tropes. Not only did gangsters learn ‘moves’ from the movies, they were also energised by and profited from the movie houses themselves.KEYWORDS: South African Indian cinemasidentityapartheidgangstersidentificationcosmopolitanism Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 D. Heatlie, ‘“They Stood Their Ground!”: Professional Gangsters in South African Indian Society, 1940–1970’ (PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2019).2 J. Desai, ‘Bollywood Abroad: South Asian Diasporic Cosmopolitanism and Indian Cinema’, in G. Rajan and S. Sharma, eds, New Cosmopolitanisms: South Asians in the US (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 116.3 Interview with M. S., 5 July 2016, audio recording conducted in Johannesburg.4 Interview with C. Mistry, 15 February 2016, audio recording conducted in Johannesburg.5 B. Freund, Insiders and Outsiders: The Indian Working Class of Durban, 1910–1990 (Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 1995), 10.6 N. Coppen, ‘The Last Picture Show’, Neilcoppen.com (blog), 22 September 2008, https://neilcoppen.com/2008/09/22/the-last-picture-show/, accessed 5 December 2017.7 Ibid.8 V. Jagarnath, ‘Indian Cinema in Durban: Urban Segregation, Business and Visions of Identity from the 1950s to the 1970s’, Occasional Paper 22 (2014), 166, https://ojs.ruc.dk/index.php/ocpa/article/view/3808.9 F. Meer and E.S. Reddy, ‘Passive Resistance 1946 – A Selection of Documents. Part 4 Special Focus: Wrangling between Political Groups –1947’, South African History Online, 23 May 2011, http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/passive-resistance-1946-selection-documents-compiled-es-reddy-fatima-meer, accessed 13 June 2018.10 Coppen, ‘The Last Picture Show’.11 A. Shepperson and K. Tomaselli, ‘South African Cinema Beyond Apartheid: Affirmative Action in Distribution and Storytelling’, Social Identities 6, 3 (2000), 327.12 Interview with Y. ‘Chommie’ Saloojee, 5 Octobe","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135474956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘We Must Analyse Where Our National Interest Lies and not Worry too Much about Other People’s Domestic Policies’: Richard M. Nixon and Apartheid South Africa in the Early 1970s","authors":"Eddie Michel","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2023.2266593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2023.2266593","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article explores the pragmatic stance that the United States adopted, during the Nixon era, regarding relations with Pretoria. The Nixon administration believed that Washington needed to prioritise the protection of its own strategic and commercial interests and not become overly concerned about the domestic agenda of its global partners. The vehement anti-communism of the National Party government combined with a profitable economic relationship and the abundant mineral resources of the apartheid state dictated a need on practical grounds for closer ties with South Africa. This stance was further reinforced by Nixon’s contempt for sub-Saharan Africans and lack of interest in achieving racial justice.KEYWORDS: Richard NixonUS foreign policyUS historySouth AfricaCold Wareconomic historyrace relations Notes1 Richard Nixon Library (hereafter NL), NSC Institutional ‘H’ Files, Box H-026, NSSM-39, Memo from Kissinger to Rogers et al., 10 April 1969; NL, NSC Institutional (‘H’) Files, Box H-144, NSSM-39, 15 August 1969; NL, NSC Institutional (‘H’) Files, Box H-145, NSSM-39, Memo from Kissinger to Vice President et al., 28 January 1970; E. Michel, ‘The Luster of Chrome: Nixon, Rhodesia and the Defiance of UN Sanctions’, Diplomatic History, 42, 1 (2018), 14.2 J. Gaddis, Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of American National Security Policy during the Cold War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005); N. Mitchell, ‘Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? Jimmy Carter and Rhodesia’, in S. Onslow ed., Cold War in Southern Africa: White Power Black Liberation (London: Routledge, 2012); N. Mitchell, ‘The Cold War and Jimmy Carter’, in M. Leffler and O. A. Westad, eds, The Cambridge History of the Cold War, iii: Endings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 66–88; E. Schmidt, Foreign Intervention in Africa: From the Cold War to the War on Terror (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013); O. Westad, The Global Cold War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).3 A. DeRoche, Black, White and Chrome: The United States and Zimbabwe, 1953–1998 (Trenton: Africa World Press, 2001); G. Horne, From the Barrel of a Gun: The United States and the War against Zimbabwe (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001); M. A. Lawrence, ‘Containing Globalism: The United States and the Developing World in the 1970s’, in N. Ferguson, C. S. Maier, E. Manela, and D. J. Sargent, eds, The Shock of the Global: The 1970s in Perspective (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2010), 205–222; R. Litwak, Détente and the Nixon Doctrine: American Foreign Policy and the Pursuit of Stability, 1969–1976 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986); C. Saunders, ‘The Cold War and Southern Africa, 1976–1990’, in M. Leffler and O. A. Westad, eds, The Cambridge History of the Cold War, iii: Endings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 222–243; Schmidt, Foreign Intervention in Africa; J. Suri, ‘Henry Kissinger and the Geopolitics of Globalization’, in N. Fer","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Anniversaries","authors":"Franziska Rueedi","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2023.2251722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2023.2251722","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 James Simpson’s MA thesis is the most comprehensive account. See J. Simpson, ‘Boipatong: The Politics of a Massacre and the South African Transition’ (MA thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009). Gary Kynoch’s recent monograph does not delve into the details of the massacre and its history. See G. Kynoch, Township Violence and the End of Apartheid: War on the Reef (Woodbridge: James Currey, 2018).2 The evidence of these attacks is extensive. See, for example, University of the Witwatersrand, Historical Papers Research Archive, (hereafter HPRA), Goldstone Commission, Boipatong Massacre records, AK2672 (hereafter AK2672) F.1.2, Report: Violence in the Vaal Triangle, July 1990–July 1992. Amongst the most notorious incidents is the Nangalembe night vigil massacre of 12 January 1991.3 P. Pigou, ‘The Apartheid State and Violence: What Has the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Found?’, Politikon, 28, 2 (2001), 207–233; S. Ellis, ‘The Historical Significance of South Africa’s Third Force’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 24, 2 (1998), 261–299.4 HPRA, AK2672, B12.6.003, Statement of Klaas Mathope.5 O’Malley Archive, ‘Response – Piers Pigou from Boipatong’, 16 August 2000, https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02039/04lv02133/05lv02139/06lv02148.htm, accessed 15 May 2023.6 Ibid.; D. Beresford, ‘Top Investigator Slams the TRC’, Mail, accessed 15 May 2023.7 See, for example, HPRA, Independent Board of Inquiry (IBI) records, AG2543 (hereafter AG2543), 2.2.7, IBIIR Report for the period September 1990; HPRA, AG2543, IBIIR Report for the period of May 1991.8 Simpson primarily focuses on the political implications of the massacre and the political leverage the African National Congress (ANC) gained through allegations of third force involvement. See Simpson, ‘Boipatong’.9 South African History Archive (hereafter SAHA), The Freedom of Information Programme collection, AL2878 (hereafter AL2878), B01.5.4.03, E. A. de Kock, Aansoek om amnestie, AM0066/96, 10 May 1997.10 O’Malley Archive, ‘Response – Piers Pigou from Boipatong’.11 SAHA, AL2878, B01.5.75.04.10, Section 29 inquiry transcript.12 HPRA, AK2672, F2.1., Material re Pedro Peens; SAHA, AL2872, B01.5.75.04.22, Section 29 in-camera hearing 29 July 1997. On the significance of ultra-right connections to the police, see D. W. Potgieter, Gruesome: The Crimes and Criminals that Shook South Africa (Cape Town: Zebra Press, 2015), 35–59.13 Potgieter, Gruesome, 52.14 HPRA, AK2672, F1.2, Violence in the Vaal Triangle, July 1990–July 1992.15 Kheswa’s membership was confirmed by WPM leader Koos Vermeulen, though Vermeulen later retracted his statement.16 I borrow this framing from Vanessa Barolsky, who has analysed the ‘excessive’ and ‘transgressive’ character of violence in Kathorus. See V. Barolsky, Transitioning Out of Violence: Snapshots from Kathorus (Johannesburg: Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, 2005).Additiona","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convening Black Intimacy: Christianity, Gender, and Tradition in Early Twentieth-Century South Africa","authors":"Charmaine T. Modisane","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2023.2246682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2023.2246682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46616086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eskom and the Electricity Act 42 of 1922","authors":"F. Ballim","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2023.2196609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2023.2196609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42953512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Changing Face of Colonial Education in Africa: Education, Science and Development","authors":"S. Morrow","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2023.2248553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2023.2248553","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47879983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bones and Bodies: How South African Scientists Studied Race","authors":"Janeke Thumbran","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2023.2246676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2023.2246676","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47106558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching Texts","authors":"L. Phillips, Suryakanthie Chetty, Lazlo Passemiers, Abraham Mlombo, Rebecca Swartz","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2023.2244692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2023.2244692","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47884604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Written Out: The Silencing of Regina Gelana Twala","authors":"Athambile Masola","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2023.2243397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2023.2243397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43020705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Spirit of Ulster in the Cape of Good Hope: The South African Anti-Irish Home Rule Movement, 1910–1914","authors":"Samuel Gary Beckton","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2023.2217480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2023.2217480","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As the third Irish Home Rule crisis intensified, Ulster Unionists began searching for allies across the British Empire, including in South Africa. This article highlights the important role and influence of the South African anti-Home Rule movement from 1910 to 1914. It investigates a number of questions: Why did the Loyal Orange Institution publish sympathy resolutions? Who were the benefactors who donated funds to the Ulster Defence Fund or enlisted in a South African Ulster volunteer contingent? Most importantly, how widespread or organised were these Ulster sympathisers? This article uses extensive British, Irish, and South African newspaper archives, including the Belfast Weekly News that provides unique information on the Grand Orange Lodge of British South Africa and rare photography.","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43262922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}