Central European Forestry Journal最新文献_第4页

Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton in Pinus sylvestris L. stands affected by long-term drought 受长期干旱影响的西尔松林分的Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton

IF 1.6

Central European Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.2478/forj-2022-0010

František Lorenc, A. Véle

{"title":"Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton in Pinus sylvestris L. stands affected by long-term drought","authors":"František Lorenc, A. Véle","doi":"10.2478/forj-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the fruit bodies (pycnidial) colonization and spore presence of Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees in stands affected by long-term drought in the Czech Republic were evaluated. A total of 520 cones at four sites were evaluated every 1.5 months from June 2019 to December 2020. The pycnidia of S. sapinea in relation to colonization by subcortical insects in inner bark and wood, and wood-decaying fungi a total of 340 trunks at 17 sites during the autumn of 2020 were also evaluated. Pycnidial colonization of S. sapinea on cones was significantly higher at the site with the highest air humidity and significantly lower in the sampling periods of June 2019, August 2019, and November 2019, which were characterized by low precipitation levels. S. sapinea spore presence on cones was significantly higher at sites in Bohemia compared to those in Moravia, in sites with higher air humidity, and in three consecutive sampling periods in March 2020–June 2020. Pycnidial colonization of S. sapinea on trunks was significantly positively dependent on the colonization of subcortical insects in both inner bark and wood, but not with the colonization of wood-decaying fungi. The results of this study show a positive relationship between high humidity and colonization by subcortical insects in inner bark and wood with S. sapinea on Scots pine.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"214 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41978694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The principle of space-for-time substitution in predicting Picea spp. biomass change under climate shifts 气候变化下云杉生物量变化的时空替代预测原理

IF 1.6

Central European Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.2478/forj-2022-0004

V. Usoltsev, K. Merganičová, B. Konôpka, I. Tsepordey

{"title":"The principle of space-for-time substitution in predicting Picea spp. biomass change under climate shifts","authors":"V. Usoltsev, K. Merganičová, B. Konôpka, I. Tsepordey","doi":"10.2478/forj-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although forest ecosystems play an essential role in climate stabilization, current climatic shifts might cause striking changes in their biological productivity, which, in turn, affects the biosphere function of forests. Studies of the relationship between the biomass of trees and stands and hydrothermal indicators (temperature and precipitation) have usually been carried out at local or regional levels. It is still unknown how climate changes affect tree and stand biomass along transcontinental gradients. Therefore, the goals of this study were (a) to test if the law of the limiting factor holds for tree and stand biomass of Picea spp. at the transcontinental level of Eurasia in relation to temperature and precipitation, and (b) to apply the principle of space-for-time substitution to document the use of the derived tree and stand biomass climate-sensitive models for predicting temporal biomass changes. The results revealed that at a tree level spruce aboveground biomass increased with a temperature increase in moisture-rich regions, whereas in moisture–deficient regions it was reduced. Similarly, precipitation reduction at a constant average January temperature caused a reduction in aboveground biomass in warm regions, while in cold regions its increase was revealed. At a stand level, we also revealed an increase in biomass with increased precipitation amount in warm regions. The study suggested that the principle of space-for-time substitution was clearly manifested on biomass quantity of spruce at both individual tree and forest stand levels.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"174 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43083989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Biomass allocation and carbon stock in Douglas fir and Norway spruce at the tree and stand level 杉木和挪威云杉在林木和林分水平上的生物量分配和碳储量

IF 1.6

Central European Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.2478/forj-2022-0005

T. Čihák, M. Vejpustková

{"title":"Biomass allocation and carbon stock in Douglas fir and Norway spruce at the tree and stand level","authors":"T. Čihák, M. Vejpustková","doi":"10.2478/forj-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effect of changing tree species composition in favor of a greater representation of Douglas fir at the expense of Norway spruce on the carbon pool of Central European forests has not yet been investigated. Here, we compare the allocation of aboveground biomass and carbon stock in Douglas fir and spruce at the tree and stand level. At the tree level, Douglas fir accumulated, on average, 16.9% more aboveground biomass than Norway spruce. A greater amount of biomass was allocated mainly in the wood and bark of Douglas fir stem. For these biomass compartments, the difference between Douglas fir and Norway spruce was 21.1% and 60.3%, respectively. Spruce allocated more biomass in the crown, where the difference was 25.6% compared to Douglas fir. In needle biomass, Norway spruce exceeded Douglas fir by 84%. At the stand level, the analysis of model stands revealed that pure Norway spruce stands accumulated more carbon in the high and medium quality sites. As the site quality decreased, so did the differences in the amount of stored carbon. The higher carbon sink in Norway spruce stands was also confirmed in the analysis of real Norway spruce and Douglas fir stands. The difference in the carbon stock of young, medium-aged, and mature stands was 11.5%, 14.8%, and 1%, respectively. The positive balance in favor of spruce is mainly due to significantly higher numbers of trees per ha in Norway spruce stands. A positive effect of a greater representation of Douglas fir on the carbon budget of forest stands was not confirmed.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"163 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47230106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biomass distribution, allocation and growth efficiency in European beech trees of different ages in pure even-aged stands in northeast France 法国东北部纯均龄林分不同年龄欧洲山毛榉的生物量分布、分配及生长效率

IF 1.6

Central European Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.2478/forj-2022-0008

Noël Le Goff, J. Ottorini

{"title":"Biomass distribution, allocation and growth efficiency in European beech trees of different ages in pure even-aged stands in northeast France","authors":"Noël Le Goff, J. Ottorini","doi":"10.2478/forj-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Determination of the biomass and biomass increment of trees in managed stands is a pre-requisite for estimating the carbon stocks and fluxes, in order to adapt the forests to new climatic requirements, which impose to maximize the CO2 retained by forests. Tree biomass and biomass increment equations were formerly developed in two young experimental beech stands in the Hesse forest (NE France). To extend such a study to beech stands of different age classes, it was necessary to build biomass and biomass increment equations that could be used for any age, called generalized biomass equations. For that, trees were sampled in plots covering a large age range in Hesse forest, and in each plot several trees were chosen to represent the different social classes. Compatible biomass and biomass increment equations for the different tree compartments and their combination in above and belowground tree parts were developed and fitted, allowing the analysis of the variations of the biomass distribution and allocation with tree age. Stem growth efficiency (stem growth per unit of leaf area) appeared dependent on tree age and tree social status. The biomass and biomass increment equations established for beech allow the estimation of the biomass and carbon stocks and fluxes (NPP) for the even-aged beech stands of the Hesse forest, whatever their age. These equations could also be used to analyze the effects of silvicultural treatments on the biomass and carbon stocks and fluxes of beech stands, using the available stand growth and yield models of beech.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"117 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41520624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Dendrochronological data from twelve countries proved definite growth response of black alder (Alnus glutinosa [L.] Gaertn.) to climate courses across its distribution range 来自12个国家的树木年代学数据证明了黑杨在其分布范围内对气候变化的确切生长反应

IF 1.6

Central European Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.2478/forj-2022-0003

Z. Vacek, S. Vacek, Jan Cukor, Daniel Bulušek, M. Slávik, I. Lukáčik, I. Štefančík, Zuzana Sitková, D. Eşen, F. Ripullone, O. Yıldız, M. Sargıncı, G. D'andrea, A. Weatherall, Václav Šimůnek, Vojtěch Hájek, Ivo Králíček, R. Prausová, A. Bieniasz, A. Prokůpková, T. Putalová

{"title":"Dendrochronological data from twelve countries proved definite growth response of black alder (Alnus glutinosa [L.] Gaertn.) to climate courses across its distribution range","authors":"Z. Vacek, S. Vacek, Jan Cukor, Daniel Bulušek, M. Slávik, I. Lukáčik, I. Štefančík, Zuzana Sitková, D. Eşen, F. Ripullone, O. Yıldız, M. Sargıncı, G. D'andrea, A. Weatherall, Václav Šimůnek, Vojtěch Hájek, Ivo Králíček, R. Prausová, A. Bieniasz, A. Prokůpková, T. Putalová","doi":"10.2478/forj-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Black alder (Alnus glutinosa [L.] Gaertn.) is an important component of riparian and wetland ecosystems in Europe. However, data on the growth of this significant broadleaved tree species is very limited. Presently, black alder currently suffers from the pathogen Phytophthora and is particularly threatened by climate change. The objective of this study was to focus on the impact of climatic variables (precipitation, temperature, extreme climatic events) on the radial growth of alder across its geographic range during the period 1975–2015. The study of alder stands aged 46–108 years was conducted on 24 research plots in a wide altitude range (85–1015 m) in 12 countries of Europe and Asia. The most significant months affecting alder radial growth were February and March, where air temperatures are more significant than precipitation. Heavy frost and extreme weather fluctuations in the first quarter of the year were the main limiting factors for diameter increment. Within the geographical setting, latitude had a higher effect on radial growth compared to longitude. However, the most important variable concerning growth parameters was altitude. The temperature’s effect on the increment was negative in the lowlands and yet turned to positive with increasing altitude. Moreover, growth sensitivity to precipitation significantly decreased with the increasing age of alder stands. In conclusion, the growth variability of alder and the number of negative pointer years increased with time, which was caused by the ongoing climate change and also a possible drop in the groundwater level. Riparian alder stands well supplied with water are better adapted to climatic extremes compared to plateau and marshy sites.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"139 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46921569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass of young Norway spruce trees in the Western Carpathians, Slovakia 斯洛伐克喀尔巴阡山脉西部挪威云杉幼树地上生物量估算的异速模型

IF 1.6

Central European Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.2478/forj-2022-0007

J. Pajtík, B. Konôpka, V. Šebeň

{"title":"Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass of young Norway spruce trees in the Western Carpathians, Slovakia","authors":"J. Pajtík, B. Konôpka, V. Šebeň","doi":"10.2478/forj-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the period of climate change, it is necessary to have biomass models for trees of all sizes to make precise estimations of biomass forest stocks to quantify carbon sequestration by forest cover. Therefore, we created allometric models of aboveground biomass in young Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) trees including main components, i.e. stem, branches and needles. The models used 200 sampled trees from 10 sites located in the central part of the Western Carpathians in Slovakia. The models, i.e. allometric regression relations implemented stem base diameter (diameter d0) and/or tree height. Moreover, using the derived allometric relations and a constant annual diameter increment of 10 mm, we calculated quasi-annual aboveground biomass production with regard to diameter d0. While stem had the largest contribution to aboveground biomass, followed by needles and branches, a different situation was revealed for the annual aboveground biomass production with the largest share of needles followed by stem and branches. Finally, we implemented the allometric models in a specific forest stand, where repetitive measurements were performed within 14 consecutive years. The results showed for example nearly 650 kg of the aboveground biomass per 102 m2 at the stand age of 10 years. The new biomass models can be applied to estimate the aboveground biomass stock in Norway spruce dominating stands in the Western Carpathians. Since the models are based on both diameter d0 and tree height a user can choose which variable is more suitable for particular conditions.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"154 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46720430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indicators of caesium 137 concentration in forest litter and health status of pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Chernobyl zone 切尔诺贝利地区森林凋落物铯137浓度指标及松树健康状况

IF 1.6

Central European Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.2478/forj-2021-0023

V. Osipova, D. Benin, I. Semenycheva, I. Volkova

{"title":"Indicators of caesium 137 concentration in forest litter and health status of pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Chernobyl zone","authors":"V. Osipova, D. Benin, I. Semenycheva, I. Volkova","doi":"10.2478/forj-2021-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2021-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We analyse the concentration of caesium-137 (137Cs) in forest litter in relation to forest site conditions. The research was carried out in 2004–2019 in the Krasnogorsk district of the Bryansk region (the Russian Federation). It covered three areas corresponding to the exclusion zone, compulsory resettlement zone, and the zone of residence of the population with the right to resettlement. In all these areas, the concentration of 137Cs in forest litter and the condition of pine stands was studied. We revealed that the forest litter contains more than 90% of 137Cs in all combustible materials. The content of 137Cs in fallen branches, bark, cones, and needles varies from 10 to 15%. More than 50% of the specific activity, which is an indicator of 137Cs content, accounts for needles of pine phytocenoses. In 2019, the best state of pines was recorded for older trees. At the age of 60–80 years, 13% of the studied forest stands were classified as weakened, 87% – as very weakened, and 0% as dying. In the 40–56 age group, dying out and very weakened stands accounted for 50% each, whereas weakened ones were not revealed at all. The interaction between 137Cs and tree age was not identified.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"109 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46147125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands on soils with close bedding of crystalline parent rocks in Central Polissya, Ukraine 在乌克兰中部的Polisya，苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris L.）生长在结晶母岩紧密层理的土壤上

IF 1.6

Central European Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.2478/forj-2021-0026

S. Kovalevskii, A. Krol, V. Myroniuk, S. Kovalevskyi, N. Vysotska, Oleksandr Khromulyak, Vadym Yurchenko

{"title":"Growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands on soils with close bedding of crystalline parent rocks in Central Polissya, Ukraine","authors":"S. Kovalevskii, A. Krol, V. Myroniuk, S. Kovalevskyi, N. Vysotska, Oleksandr Khromulyak, Vadym Yurchenko","doi":"10.2478/forj-2021-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2021-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The wide ecological range of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) demonstrates its ability to adapt to different environments. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of growth and productivity of Scots pine stands growing on soils with crystalline parent rock outcrops. The study area is located in the north of Ukraine in the Central Polissya within 50°15’ and 50°06’ north latitudes and 29°22’ and 29°86’ east longitudes. The base of the geological structure is granite. The depth of the parent rock bedding ranges from 15 to 86 cm. In total, 18 research plots were laid out on soils with crystalline rock outcrops and 18 research plots on sites with deep bedding of crystalline rocks (> 60 cm). To test the difference in stands growth within and outside sites with the crystalline outcrops, we used the Welch t-test. Pine forests on areas with deep bedding of parent rocks are systematically higher than those growing on sites with crystalline outcrops. With an increase of stand age, the difference between specified groups tends to be more significant. Stands growing on sites with and without crystalline rocks outcrops have similar dynamics, however, the latter ones accumulate more growing stock volume due to higher relative stocking, site index, mean diameter, and the number of trees. Our findings indicate the feasibility of establishing Scots pine stands in sites with different depths of the crystalline parent rocks bedding in Central Polissya, Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"72 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43134338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Population genetic diversity in Quercus robur and Ulmus laevis in Southern Urals (Russia): a comparatively study of adults and progeny in localities with contrast forest cover 俄罗斯南乌拉尔地区黑栎和乌拉榆种群遗传多样性:不同森林覆盖地区成树和子代的比较研究

IF 1.6

Central European Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.2478/forj-2021-0027

R. Ianbaev, S. Boronnikova, Y. Yanbaev, S. Gainanov, Aleksey Kulagin

引用次数: 1

Radial increment and defoliation of Pinus sylvestris (L.) on sandy soils relate to summer temperatures and ground water level 沙质土壤上西林松(Pinus sylvestris, L.)径向生长和落叶与夏季气温和地下水位有关

IF 1.6

Central European Forestry Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.2478/forj-2022-0002

J. Pajtík, Zuzana Sitková, Peter Marčiš, M. Bošeľa, P. Pavlenda, B. Konôpka

{"title":"Radial increment and defoliation of Pinus sylvestris (L.) on sandy soils relate to summer temperatures and ground water level","authors":"J. Pajtík, Zuzana Sitková, Peter Marčiš, M. Bošeľa, P. Pavlenda, B. Konôpka","doi":"10.2478/forj-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study deals with the analysis of the impact of climate and ground water table level on radial increment and defoliation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing on sandy soils. The research was performed in the area of the Borska nížina (i.e. Borská Lowland, situated in southwest of Slovakia), where a substantial die-back of pine trees has been observed in the last decade. Increment measurements and defoliation assessment were performed at 150 adult trees of Scots pine growing at three permanent monitoring plots within the international network of ICP Forests during the years 1989–2018. We examined the impact of climatic and hydrological factors on selected features of pine using the methods of correlation analysis and linear mixed models. Statistical analyses confirmed that the annual radial increment of Scots pine significantly depended on the mean air temperature from June to August, and mean ground water level in the mentioned months. These two factors also significantly correlated with crown defoliation. The factors explained 26% and 32% of increment and defoliation variability, respectively. From the long-term perspective, our analyses indicated that the decrease of ground water level by 0.5 m in summer resulted in the increase of defoliation by 10%. The obtained results indicate a further increase of Scots pine die-back on easy-to-dry sandy soils in regions with low precipitation totals, particularly considering the ongoing climate change and its inherent factors.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"78 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46799330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0