Foresight and STI Governance最新文献

{"title":"How Susceptible are Skills to Obsolescence? A Task-Based Perspective of Human Capital Depreciation","authors":"Sonja Walter, Jeong-Dong Lee","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2022.2.32.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.2.32.41","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the link between human capital depreciation and job tasks, with an emphasis on potential differences between education levels. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, fixed effects panel regression is applied to estimate an extended Mincer equation based on Neumann and Weiss’s model. Human capital gained from higher education levels depreciates at a faster rate than other human capital. The depreciation rate is also higher for specific skills compared to general skills. Moreover, the productivity-enhancing value of education diminishes faster in jobs with a high share of non-routine interactive, non-routine manual, and routine cognitive tasks. These jobs are characterized by greater technology complementarity or more frequent changes in core-skill or technology-skill requirements. The presented results point to the urgency of elaborating combined labor market and educational and lifelong learning policies to counteract the depreciation of skills. Education should focus on equipping workers with more general skills in all education levels and adapt educational programs to take into account the rapid upgrade of production technologies and changing competency requirements.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42122808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vocational Education and Training and Knowledge Intensive Business Services: A Promising Relationship in the Digital Era","authors":"Mikel Albizu, Miren Estensoro, S. Franco","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2022.2.65.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.2.65.78","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) act as bridges of innovation in the productive fabric. Given this growing importance, the occupational structure and demand of skills in KIBS activities need to be reflected on. This paper examines the occupational structures of KIBS, looks at the role that vocational training profiles can play within them. The focus of this analysis is the case of the Basque Country, to which the mismatch approach was applied. Beyond merely understanding the current role of vocational education workers, this approach makes it possible to explore the potential of VET graduates in KIBS. Three types of mismatches are studied here: vertical mismatch, horizontal mismatch, and skills mismatch. Results show that the relevance of VET workers varies within the different types of KIBS, being particularly important in T-KIBS. This leads to the conclusion that VET graduates can play a key role in digital transformation processes, both in manufacturing and services companies.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46887257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic, Сommercialization and Societal Effects of Joint Research","authors":"Vladimiro Verre, Darío Milesi, Natalia Petelski","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2022.2.6.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.2.6.14","url":null,"abstract":"The work investigates the effects that a specific science industry collaboration scheme, joint research, generates in three areas, such as: production of academic activities, scientific knowledge commercialization and society at large. It is an in-depth work on joint research in a developing country that covers three different types of effects. The work highlights the specific industrial contributions that make it possible such effects to be verified, with special attention to societal effects, an aspect rarely present in the literature. Based on some dimensions that recent literature has identified and where more empirical evidence is needed, a multiple case study has been carried out through the selection of three public private collaborations in Argentine biopharmaceutical sector responding to joint research characteristics. Among the main findings, the identification of the different ways in which relationship with industry allows science: to intensify its publication activity, by having more resources and identifying new thematic niches to publish; to improve teaching, using co-generated knowledge and shared equipment; to expand its research agenda both towards applied topics and towards more basic ones. Likewise, relationship with industry allows knowledge generation that, in addition to being central in the creation of start-ups and patents, also contribute to perform new services of commercial nature. Finally, joint research generates effects that benefit society in general, through cheaper domestic diagnostic or therapeutic solutions improving public health.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47222170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Informing of the Population in Cities: Models and Their Application","authors":"V. Osipov, M. Osipova, S. Kuleshov, A. Zaytseva, A. Aksenov","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2022.2.80.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.2.80.89","url":null,"abstract":"With an increase of population density and contacts between people, the emergence of new biological viruses, the threat of various epidemics is growing. Countering these threats involves the implementation of large-scale preventive, therapeutic and other measures, both before the start and during the epidemic. Epidemiological informing of the population plays an important role in such counteraction. The currently used models of epidemiological informing the population of cities largely do not meet the needs of practice. This negatively affects the effectiveness of the response to epidemics. The purpose of the study is to develop new models and justify their applicability for understanding the processes in public health, the impact of epidemics on the economy and business. For the quantitative substantiation of programs (scenarios), such epidemiological informing, a method based on new models of epidemic development in related cities is proposed. The method is characterized by a new objective function that links economic efficiency with the state of health of the population in an epidemic. The models differ from the known solutions both in the space of the selected states of the processes under study and in the connections between them.Using the developed method, seven possible programs of epidemiological informing the population of related cities were analyzed and the best of them was found for specific conditions. New regularities have been established between the parameters of the programs being implemented and the results of the impact on the health and performance capability of the population. It is shown how an epidemic can develop in cities that are differently connected to each other by vehicles. The proposed method allows quickly find the best epidemiological informing programs for the population. The models underlying this method make it possible to predict public health and the impact of epidemics on the economy and business, depending on the planned measures to counteract epidemics. They are also applicable to determine the sources and time of infections’ onset. The obtained simulation results are in good agreement with the known facts. The method can be applied in advanced information systems to support the adoption of far-sighted decisions to counteract epidemics.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49117487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Digitalization of Human Resource Management: Present and Future","authors":"E. Zavyalova, D. Sokolov, D. Kucherov, A. Lisovskaya","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2022.2.42.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.2.42.51","url":null,"abstract":"Information technologies are rapidly transforming the field of human resource management in organizations. The digital transformation of human resource management has become specifically important in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has significantly accelerated the pace of digitalization of HR processes. Companies that are able to quickly take advantage of the opportunities of the implemented digital HRM technologies are in a better position than those in which digitalization was paid less attention. At the same time, the factors and consequences of digitalization of human resource management, as well as its relationship with various characteristics of firms, remain unclear today. This article provides an attempt to shed light on the key components of HRM digitalization analyzed against significant characteristics of organizations (size, personnel structure, staff turnover, performance) using personal data of 449 small, medium and large businesses operating in the Russian market. The collected data indicate the presence of two key components of digitalization: quantitative (reach or breadth) and qualitative (effectiveness of digital practices). We found that the combination of wide reach and high efficiency has not always been a sign of more successful and functional companies.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43639675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge-Intensive Social Services as the Basis for the National Social Innovation Systems","authors":"Benoît Desmarchelier, F. Gallouj","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2022.1.34.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.1.34.41","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides theoretical foundations for the existence of national social innovations systems (NSIS) and presents such a system with empirical data. Departing from the activities in France of Ashoka, a large and old service organization, which we label as knowledge-intensive social service (KISS), we build a large and robust social innovation network in France and argue that it represents a credible approximation of the country’s NSIS. On this basis, we find differences within the national innovation system (NIS). Indeed, the core of the NSIS involves very few actors emanating from manufacturing or technology-intensive industries, and the coordination between actors seems more bottom-up than in the NIS.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41967276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining KIBS and Co-Creation Methods for Public Innovation","authors":"Fernando Felix, L. Rubalcaba","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2022.1.42.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.1.42.53","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is twofold: i) it provides a framework for the relationship between KIBS and public services, putting the role of service users at the center, and ii) new empirical evidence from a survey for which we test the impact that business services consultancies (KIBS) associated with the co-creation processes have upon the innovation of public services with methodologies such as co-creation (users’ participation) and co-design (design laboratories) processes. The empirical evidence focuses upon the two aforementioned core business service methodologies to improve the quality of the public services provision. In this context, we test three main hypotheses regarding whether KIBS have a positive impact upon the innovation of public services and to what extent user-based methodologies are important. Data comes from the 2020 Co-VAL survey on public service innovation for Spain. The main conclusion is that KIBS have a higher impact upon public service innovation when users are taken into account through co-creation and co-design methods, acting as facilitators for co-innovation and network processes, than when KIBS is just acting on their own in bilateral relationships with the public sector. The overall positive effects do not mean that all uses of KIBS are always positive, for example, some KIBS consultancies subcontracting may have mixed results, but user-focused multiagent frameworks help promote positive impacts.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48971024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Foresight Maturity in SME Enterprises of Poland","authors":"A. Kononiuk","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2022.1.69.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.1.69.81","url":null,"abstract":"The complication of the business environment, the growth of uncertainty, and the dynamics of change significantly affect strategic planning in business. Foresight research used in a company serves as a link between the volatility of the surrounding environment, possible expansion prospects, and an enterprise’s strategy and tactics. Based on data from Poland, this article examines the main factors that determine the readiness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to navigate a variety of paths into the future (foresight maturity). This study uses an integrated approach, that integrates concepts of foresight maturity, dynamic capabilities, and corporate foresight. It relies upon a sample of over 500 Polish manufacturing SMEs, which is representative in terms of size, type, sector, and geography of activities. Using a 28-criteria assessment tool, it was found that the level of foresight maturity of a company most often depends on the size, type, and geographical coverage of markets. Involving stakeholders in the development of corporate strategies, scanning the micro- and macro-environment of the enterprise using a variety of information sources, improving skills in working with foresight tools as well as fostering other dynamic capabilities allow companies to gain lasting competitive advantages in a changing and unpredictable business landscape.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43712051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services Use Across Europe","authors":"Nikolay Chichkanov","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2022.1.22.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.1.22.33","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the structure and the relevance of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) consumption for different industries. The research is based upon the analysis of national input-output tables for European countries presented in the last release of the World Input-Output Database (WIOD). The dataset allows for the identification of both the largest and the most intensive sectoral users of KIBS among different manufacturing, market services, and all other industries. The results confirm that the KIBS subsectors are very heterogeneous; patterns of consumption substantially differ across the six different types of KIBS that the data distinguish. It is suggested that these differences may be explained by the existence of specific synergies between each type of KIBS and some of the consuming industries.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43935257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstacles to Digital Innovation in KIBS — The Case of Law Firms in Poland","authors":"K. Durczak, Marek Gnusowski, Maciej Ławrynowicz","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2022.1.54.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.1.54.67","url":null,"abstract":"As digitalization continues to fundamentally change professional work, we examine obstacles to technological innovation in the legal sector, which is a notable outlier when compared to other knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). This paper aims to explain the lower engagement with technological novelty in legal services in contrast to other KIBS spearheading global innovation. We adopted a mixed-method approach, combining both deductive and inductive inferential modes in a pragmatic manner. We used a quantitative analysis of law firms (n = 258) to establish baseline observations that were used to understand the attitudes toward the use of technology in addition to interviews with individual lawyers (n = 28). The study broadens the understanding of obstacles to digital change in small law firms operating on the periphery of the global market. Six different barriers clustered in two groups were identified: three reflect the character of individual work, two are related to law firm performance, and the last reveals an overarching problem in technology design. The discussion extends the debate on technological disruption in legal services. The reluctance to adopt digital innovations is not irrational when the drawbacks of creative disruption are considered. Endogenous change would require altering fragmented structures of local markets for companies to grow via an economy of scale. It is more likely that digital novelties will continue to develop from the global market delimited by the English language. A better understanding of obstacles to technological innovation may serve lawyers, managers, and LegalTech providers with material concerns that need to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46835474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}