Children Australia最新文献

{"title":"A history of the Personal Social Services in England. Feast, Famine and the Future - R. Jones (2020). A history of the Personal Social Services in England. Feast, Famine and the Future. (2020). London: Palgrave Macmillan. Paperback, ISBN 978-3-030-46123-2. £24.99. Aus $45.02 plus postage. 494 pages.","authors":"Frank Ainsworth","doi":"10.1017/cha.2020.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.57","url":null,"abstract":"The author of this book is, Ray Jones, Emeritus Professor of Social Work, Kingston University. Jones was formerly the Director of Social Services for Wiltshire, Chief Executive of the Social Care Institute for Excellence, Deputy Chair of the British Association of Social Workers, and in 2018 he was awarded Social Worker of the year for his outstanding contribution to social work. In this book, Jones displays an encyclopaedic knowledge of the local authority personal social services (PSS) and the unified profession of social work, prior to and after, the passing of the Local Authority and Allied Personal Social Service Act (1970) that created these services in the UK. Also on display, is a profound knowledge of the political and legislative processes that have shaped these services across the last 50 years. Jones maps the changing government structures, including the abolition of some organisational forms and the creation of new forms, some of which had a short life. Alongside these observations, he interweaves commentary about the legislation that has impacted on the work of Social Service departments, such as the Mental Capacity Act (2005) and the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act (1970). Given Jones’s remarkable service management and educational career, this book is both a personal history, a history of the evolution of the PSS and an organisational and political history of considerable merit. It is also a book so full of detail that all this review can give the reader is snippets of information in the hope that they will go further and read the book in full. The book is made up of 5 sections and 13 chapters. Part 1 is Creating the Personal Social Services. Part 2 is the Personal Social Services in Action. Part 3 is New Laws and New Horizons. Part 4 is the Recent Reforms and Unravelling. And finally, Part 5 is Reflecting and Re-routing. The process by which each chapter was established involved not only the researching key documents that recorded the debates in committeemeetings but also interviews with 33 well-known people who were prominent in these debates. The interviews are extensively reported throughout the book. The four chapters that make up section 1 are Seizing the Moment: The Seebohm Committee, Scripting the Future: The Seebohm Committee and Preparing the Platform: The Local Authority Social Services Bill and Act. This section explores the events that led up to the establishment of the Seebohm Committee as well as the committee’s activities and the debate following publication in 1968 of their report. On display is the argument for the Probation Service staying outside the proposed Local Authority Social Service Department structure. Also, on display are the arguments put forward by the existing Local Authority Departments of Health who argued that social work and welfare services as envisaged by the Seebohm committee should be subsumed under these departments and not be located in a new Department of Social Services. The P","PeriodicalId":44896,"journal":{"name":"Children Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What do young people worry about? A systematic review of worry theme measures of teen and preteen individuals","authors":"Marcin Owczarek, G. McAnee, D. McAteer, M. Shevlin","doi":"10.1017/cha.2020.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.56","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Excessive worry can negatively influence one’s developmental trajectories. In the past 70 years, there have been studies aimed towards documenting and analysing concerns or ‘worries’ of teen and preteen individuals. There have been many quantitative and qualitative approaches established, suggesting different themes of contextual adolescent worry. With the hopes of future clinical utility, it is important to parse through these studies and gather what is currently known about what teens and preteens worry about and what is the state of methods used to gather that knowledge. Studies were searched for using Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases and selected on systematic criteria. Data regarding the country in which the study took place, participants, methods of collection, worry themes and conclusions and limitations were extracted. Data were synthesised in a narrative fashion. It was concluded that currently available methods of measuring themes of adolescent worry face certain problems. Themes of worry differ substantially between the studies, with the exception of school performance seeing stable high endorsement across cultures and ages. Issues with ordering worry themes and implications for future understanding of adolescent and preadolescent worry are discussed.","PeriodicalId":44896,"journal":{"name":"Children Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cha.2020.56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41763848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The educational outcomes of children in care – a scoping review","authors":"S. Lund, Cathy Stokes","doi":"10.1017/cha.2020.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.55","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a brief scoping review of the literature on the educational outcomes of care experienced children and young people in Australia published since 2010. The review also examines key educational issues and the impact of being in care on the educational experience of children and young people. Twenty-five papers were selected for review, key information extracted and recurrent themes noted. Themes include stigma and low expectations, school disruption and absenteeism, issues within the care and education systems and the importance of good relationships with supportive adults. The review found that young people in care often experience much worse educational outcomes than their peers. Conclusions and recommendations include reforming the care and education systems, focussing workers on building strong supportive relationships with young people, helping them to build resilience and prioritising education. Further targeted research is also recommended.","PeriodicalId":44896,"journal":{"name":"Children Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cha.2020.55","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41709487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need for a community-led, holistic service response to Aboriginal young people with cognitive disability in remote areas: a case study","authors":"Ruth McCausland, L. Dowse","doi":"10.1017/cha.2020.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.49","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are multiple structural and practical barriers to Aboriginal young people with cognitive disability in remote areas receiving the support and services they need. Multidisciplinary mixed-methods research over the past decade has provided evidence of the ways that many such young people end up with complex support needs and being ‘managed’ by police and justice agencies in the absence of appropriate early intervention, transition support and community-based options. This article presents and synthesises knowledge generated by this body of work and contextualises it within the experiences and trajectory of a young Aboriginal woman with cognitive disability and complex support needs from a remote town. This case study is drawn from a New South Wales linked administrative dataset containing data from health, housing, disability, human services, police, legal, court and justice agencies on a cohort of people who have been incarcerated. The article draws out key principles and strategies to suggest what a community-led, holistic service response could have looked like for Casey.","PeriodicalId":44896,"journal":{"name":"Children Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cha.2020.49","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43766796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating frameworks for practice in mainstream primary school classrooms catering for children with developmental trauma: an analysis of the literature","authors":"S. Collier, I. Bryce, K. Trimmer, G. Krishnamoorthy","doi":"10.1017/cha.2020.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.53","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Integral to the protection of children against ongoing abuse and neglect and trauma experiences are teachers and school-based staff. This paper aims to discuss and reflect on the practice frameworks, models, approaches and programs that exist in mainstream school contexts to address the developmental and learning needs of children in primary schools who have experienced trauma in their early childhood years. This paper explores the importance of enablers, finding exceptions to the practices that often limit the support of ongoing protection of children in schools and the importance of the willingness, confidence and capacity of school-based staff. This paper proposes areas of future research to address the identified gaps existing for children with developmental trauma trying to learn and exist in a schooling system that is struggling to meet their needs.","PeriodicalId":44896,"journal":{"name":"Children Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cha.2020.53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47546010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘It was daunting. I was 18 and I left residential care and there was no support whatsoever’: a scoping study into the transition from out-of-home-care process in Tasmania, Australia","authors":"Renée O’Donnell, A. Macrae, Melissa Savaglio, D. Vicary, Rachael Green (nee Cox), Philip Mendes, Gary Kerridge, G. Currie, S. Diamond, H. Skouteris","doi":"10.1017/cha.2020.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.54","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Young people who leave Out-of-Home Care (OoHC) are a significantly vulnerable cohort. No after-care support program to date has been completely informed by young people and their care team. This scoping study explored the perspectives of young people and their wider care team on: (1) challenges surrounding the transition process; and (2) how these challenges can be addressed. Semi-structured interviews and focus group sessions were conducted with 33 stakeholders from OoHC (i.e., young people in care; young people who had transitioned from care; carers; caseworkers and senior OoHC executives). Four themes captured the challenges of transitioning out of care, including: (1) inadequate processes underpinning the transition; (2) instability within the family unit; (3) financial challenges and (4) lack of independence during care. Stakeholders agreed that greater support during the transition process is necessary, including life-skills training while in care and a post-care worker and/or mentor to provide after-care support. These findings provide compelling insights into the challenges that young people transitioning from OoHC experience and possible solutions for how such challenges can be addressed. These findings will inform the development and delivery of a co-designed and specialised after-care support service for this population.","PeriodicalId":44896,"journal":{"name":"Children Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cha.2020.54","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47797889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cash transfer and professional care for tackling child poverty and neglect in Italy","authors":"Maria Bezze, C. Canali, Devis Geron, Tiziano Vecchiato","doi":"10.1017/cha.2020.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.50","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There has been a general increase in poverty over the last decade in Italy, which has mainly affected the younger generations, with children and youth experiencing the worst economic conditions. This is primarily not due to a lack of available economic resources but to the way in which these resources are allocated: mainly in the form of cash transfers rather than services. The provision of adequate services based on professional work needs to be implemented by overcoming two main obstacles which are highlighted by the results of two studies presented here. The first study concerns the quality of professional care and the systematic use of outcome evaluation, the second concerns the vision of professionals and their ability to integrate the provision of services with economic support aimed at improving children’s growth and parenting skills. The two studies were carried out as part of an international debate on how to effectively fight poverty and social exclusion of children which was promoted by the International Association for Outcome-based Evaluation and Research on Family and Children’s Services (iaOBERfcs).","PeriodicalId":44896,"journal":{"name":"Children Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cha.2020.50","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44368776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demonstrating the effectiveness of a residential education programme for disengaged young people: a preliminary report","authors":"Paul Mastronardi, F. Ainsworth, J. Huefner","doi":"10.1017/cha.2020.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.48","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reports on the early results of using behavioural and educational data to evaluate a residential education programme. The programme serves male and female students between 12 and 16 years of age who have been suspended or expelled from school due to behavioural issues or who refused to attend school. Using measures of behavioural and educational progress during care and reporting these changes over time provided empirical evidence that the programme was achieving its primary aims of ‘behaviour change and educational gains.’ Collecting and reporting this data has empowered the programme to increase programme effectiveness through both data-informed decision-making and ongoing programme evaluation.","PeriodicalId":44896,"journal":{"name":"Children Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cha.2020.48","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49440356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blame, culture and child protection","authors":"F. Ainsworth","doi":"10.1017/cha.2020.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.43","url":null,"abstract":"In the UK, social workers employed in child protection services have in recent years been vilified by members of the public who were egged on by the media and politicians whenever there has been a child death. As indicated by the title of this book, social workers are blamed for the death of children, with a widely held view that every child death is preventable if social workers were to do their job properly. This narrative diminishes and threatens the professional identity of social workers. In many ways, the ‘blame culture’ in England commenced with the 1973 inquiry into the death of Maria Colwell (Butler & Drakeford, 2012). In this book, Leigh traverses this and other child death inquiries, such as Baby P, since that time (Jones, 2014). This background informs the study that follows. Leigh, as a social worker/child protection worker, set out to explore this issue by way of an observational study of her Department and of the colleagues with whom she worked. The study is framed by auto-ethnographic theoretical concepts that are used to understand how individual professional interactions are influenced by an organisational culture. An organisational culture which, in turn, is shaped by hostile media reporting and the allocation of blame to the Department by politicians for any child death. To add to this perspective, Leigh compared the UK agency situation with the situation in a child protection agency in Flanders (Belgium) using the same observational data collection process. She found that social workers in the UK child protection services grasp at defensive modes of practice, which Leigh illustrates by way of case examples. Defensive practice is about being risk averse and always covering your back by way of extensive recording. This approach to practice was the subject of negative comments byMunro (2011) who noted that child protection involves risk and that child protection services must take carefully balanced risks in order to providemuch needed services to vulnerable families. A ‘no risk’ approach would mean denying these families the needed services and result in the removal of a disproportionate number of children from parental care. But as Leigh shows in Flanders, child protection social workers are not vilified, and their professional identity is supported by the Flanders population. Consequently, defensive practice and back covering is less evident, and appropriate services can be provided to vulnerable families. This book has a similar tale to tell as that told by both Gibson (2019) and Warner (2015) from the UK and by Gainsborough (2010) from theUSA. These authors, like Leigh, paint a less than complementary picture about child welfare/child protection services. Reading the Leigh book caused me to ask the following question. Does the UK scenario reflect child protection services in Australia? I believe the answer from many long-term observers of these services, in all states and territories, would be a big YES.","PeriodicalId":44896,"journal":{"name":"Children Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cha.2020.43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47058716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant removal and the lack of representation for parents","authors":"C. Harrison, Carol Bahemia, Debbie Henderson","doi":"10.1017/cha.2020.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.34","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper throws a spotlight on the systemic disadvantage experienced by parents who have their children removed from their care. With data drawn from the annual reports of the Legal Aid of Western Australia, the child protection agency in Western Australia, and the Productivity Commission, the authors illustrate the disconnection between the agency’s policy to reunify children once removed from their birth parents; the resources made available to support families to overcome their difficulties; and how the gap is further widened when parents without financial means and who are disempowered face legal proceedings on their own. We profile the increasing numbers of infants who are removed, the decreasing numbers of these infants who are discharged from care, and the shortfall of grants of legal aid that are provided to parents when they go to court. For this group of parents, permanent loss of their children is a reality. The aim of the paper is to capture the extent to which there is a fundamental blemish on the principles of due process and fairness, and once statutory processes are triggered, the best interests of the child and the support of parents are contingent, with poverty being the key mediating factor.","PeriodicalId":44896,"journal":{"name":"Children Australia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cha.2020.34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49237121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}