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Fair Play Externalism and the Obligation to Relinquish 公平竞赛外部主义与放弃义务
IF 1 2区 哲学
Journal of the American Philosophical Association Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1017/apa.2024.4
JOSEPH FRIGAULT
{"title":"Fair Play Externalism and the Obligation to Relinquish","authors":"JOSEPH FRIGAULT","doi":"10.1017/apa.2024.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2024.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay defends a new account of wrongful benefiting based on the principle of fair play. In particular, I argue that certain structurally-conferred group-based benefits or privileges can ground obligations on the part of innocent beneficiaries to relinquish specific gains for purposes of redistribution regardless of whether their receipt is sourced in wrongdoing or involves the imposition of harm upon relevant others. I call this approach to fair play reasoning <span>externalist</span> insofar as it turns on a novel conception of free-riding that eschews necessary appeal to beneficiaries’ mental states or volition. After presenting an empirical example to help illustrate the sort of benefiting at issue and distinguishing my account from arguments rooted in the notion of structural injustice, I defend it via what I call the extension argument, respond to two salient objections, and close by suggesting its potential political utility in the American context specifically.</p>","PeriodicalId":44879,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Philosophical Association","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Joanna Baillie on Sympathetic Curiosity and Elizabeth Hamilton's Critique 乔安娜-贝利：同情好奇心与伊丽莎白-汉密尔顿的批评
IF 1 2区 哲学
Journal of the American Philosophical Association Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/apa.2024.1
DEBORAH BOYLE
{"title":"Joanna Baillie on Sympathetic Curiosity and Elizabeth Hamilton's Critique","authors":"DEBORAH BOYLE","doi":"10.1017/apa.2024.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2024.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scholars working on recovering forgotten historical women philosophers have noted the importance of looking beyond traditional philosophical genres. This strategy is particularly important for finding Scottish women philosophers. By considering non-canonical genres, we can see the philosophical interest of the works of Scottish poet and playwright Joanna Baillie (1762–1851), who presents an account of “sympathetic curiosity” as one of the basic principles of the human mind. Baillie's work is also interesting for being a rare case of a woman's philosophical work that was discussed in print by another woman philosopher – in this case, by Elizabeth Hamilton (1758–1816), who argues for the importance of a feature of human nature that she calls the “selfish principle.” The article suggests that focusing on critical engagements between historical women philosophers can help integrate their texts into the history of philosophy without presenting them as “handmaidens” to male philosophers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44879,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Philosophical Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140155488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring Arbitrariness Objections to Time Biases 探讨时间偏差的任意性异议
IF 1 2区 哲学
Journal of the American Philosophical Association Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1017/apa.2023.14
ANDREW J. LATHAM, KRISTIE MILLER, JORDAN OH, SAM SHPALL, WEN YU
{"title":"Exploring Arbitrariness Objections to Time Biases","authors":"ANDREW J. LATHAM, KRISTIE MILLER, JORDAN OH, SAM SHPALL, WEN YU","doi":"10.1017/apa.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are two kinds of time bias: near bias and future bias. While philosophers typically hold that near bias is rationally impermissible, many hold that future bias is rationally permissible. Call this <span>normative hybridism</span>. According to arbitrariness objections, certain patterns of preference are rationally impermissible because they are arbitrary. While arbitrariness objections have been leveled against both near bias and future bias, the kind of arbitrariness in question has been different. In this article we investigate whether there are forms of arbitrariness that are common to both kinds of preferences and, hence, whether there are versions of the arbitrariness objection that are objections to both near bias and future bias. If there are, then this might go some way toward undermining normative hybridism and to defending thoroughgoing time-neutralism.</p>","PeriodicalId":44879,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Philosophical Association","volume":"281 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Studying Philosophy Make People Better Thinkers? 学习哲学会让人更善于思考吗？
IF 1 2区 哲学
Journal of the American Philosophical Association Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1017/apa.2023.30
MICHAEL PRINZING, MICHAEL VAZQUEZ
{"title":"Does Studying Philosophy Make People Better Thinkers?","authors":"MICHAEL PRINZING, MICHAEL VAZQUEZ","doi":"10.1017/apa.2023.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2023.30","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Philosophers often claim that doing philosophy makes people better thinkers. But what evidence is there for this empirical claim? This paper reviews extant evidence and presents some novel findings. We discuss standardized testing scores, review research on Philosophy for Children and critical thinking skills among college students, and present new empirical findings. On average, philosophers are better at logical reasoning, more reflective, and more open-minded than non-philosophers. However, there is an absence of evidence for the claim that studying philosophy led to these differences. We present some preliminary and suggestive evidence that although some of these differences may be attributable to philosophical training, others appear to be selection effects. The key takeaway is that more data are needed. We conclude by urging philosophers and interdisciplinary collaborators to gather more data to test the claim that studying philosophy makes people better thinkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44879,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Philosophical Association","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Call-Outs and Call-Ins 呼出和呼入
IF 1 2区 哲学
Journal of the American Philosophical Association Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/apa.2023.29
KELLY HERBISON, PAUL-MIKHAIL CATAPANG PODOSKY
{"title":"Call-Outs and Call-Ins","authors":"KELLY HERBISON, PAUL-MIKHAIL CATAPANG PODOSKY","doi":"10.1017/apa.2023.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2023.29","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomena of call-outs and call-ins are fiercely debated. Are they mere instances of virtue signaling? Or can they actually perform social justice work? This paper gains purchase on these questions by focusing on how language users negotiate norms in speech. The authors contend that norm-enacting speech not only makes a norm salient in a context but also creates conversational conditions that motivate adherence to that norm. Recognizing this allows us to define call-outs and call-ins: the act of calling-out brings with it the presupposition that its target's behavior is norm-violating, whereas the act of calling-in simply presupposes its target's willingness to revise their belief. With these definitions at hand, we evaluate whether call-outs and call-ins are suitable tools for combating social injustice.","PeriodicalId":44879,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Philosophical Association","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Courageous Love: K. C. Bhattacharyya on the Puzzle of Painful Beauty 勇敢的爱K. C. Bhattacharyya 论痛苦之美的谜题
IF 1 2区 哲学
Journal of the American Philosophical Association Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1017/apa.2023.28
EMILY LAWSON, DOMINIC MCIVER LOPES
{"title":"Courageous Love: K. C. Bhattacharyya on the Puzzle of Painful Beauty","authors":"EMILY LAWSON, DOMINIC MCIVER LOPES","doi":"10.1017/apa.2023.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2023.28","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1930s, the Bengali philosopher K. C. Bhattacharyya proposed a new theory of <jats:italic>rasa</jats:italic>, or aesthetic emotion, according to which aesthetic emotions are feelings that have other feelings as their intentional objects. This paper articulates how Bhattacharyya's theory offers a novel solution to the puzzle of how it is both possible and rational to enjoy the kind of negative emotions that are inspired by tragic and sorrowful tales. The new solution is distinct from the conversion and compensation views that dominate the existing literature, and it derives its significance from how it ties aesthetic experience to self-awareness.","PeriodicalId":44879,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Philosophical Association","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral Shock and Trans ‘Worlds’ of Sense 道德震撼与感性的跨 "世界
IF 1 2区 哲学
Journal of the American Philosophical Association Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/apa.2023.27
E. M. HERNANDEZ
{"title":"Moral Shock and Trans ‘Worlds’ of Sense","authors":"E. M. HERNANDEZ","doi":"10.1017/apa.2023.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2023.27","url":null,"abstract":"This paper has two aims: to explore the affective dimensions of moral shock and the way it relates to normative marginalization of those furthest from dominant society and also, more specifically, to articulate the trans experience of constantly being under moral attack because the dominant ‘world’ normatively defines trans individuals out of existence. Toward these ends, I build on Katie Stockdale's recent work on moral shock, arguing that moral shock needs to be contextualized to ‘worlds’ of sense to understand how marginalized people affectively experience shocking events. My focus is the trans experience of moral shock due to the way trans people are positioned outside of dominant society, which creates the conditions to experience cyclical, chronic shock. These affective conditions point to a collective responsibility to ease the affective stress that the most marginalized experience.","PeriodicalId":44879,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Philosophical Association","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aesthetic Blame 审美责任
IF 1 2区 哲学
Journal of the American Philosophical Association Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/apa.2023.25
ROBBIE KUBALA
{"title":"Aesthetic Blame","authors":"ROBBIE KUBALA","doi":"10.1017/apa.2023.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2023.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One influential tradition holds that blame is a moral attitude: blame is appropriate only when the target of blame has violated a moral norm without excuse or justification. Against this, some have recently argued that agents can be blameworthy for their violation of epistemic norms even when no moral norms are thereby violated. This paper defends the appropriateness of aesthetic blame: agents can be blameworthy for their violation of aesthetic norms as such, where aesthetic norms are the norms of social practices that aim at aesthetic values. I adapt a generic account of blame as protest, which can take variable forms, and then argue that aesthetic distortion cases—cases in which an existing artwork is distorted in its presentation—most clearly warrant blame even in the absence of violations of moral norms.</p>","PeriodicalId":44879,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Philosophical Association","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138573065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ubuntu in Elephant Communities 大象社区的乌班图
IF 1 2区 哲学
Journal of the American Philosophical Association Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/apa.2023.24
BIRTE WRAGE, DENNIS PAPADOPOULOS, JUDITH BENZ-SCHWARZBURG
{"title":"Ubuntu in Elephant Communities","authors":"BIRTE WRAGE, DENNIS PAPADOPOULOS, JUDITH BENZ-SCHWARZBURG","doi":"10.1017/apa.2023.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p>African (Bantu) philosophy conceptualizes morality through <span>ubuntu</span>, which emphasizes the role of community in producing moral agents. This community is characterized by practices that respond to and value interdependence, such as care, cooperation, and respect for elders and ancestral knowledge. While there have been attributions of morality to nonhuman animals in the interdisciplinary animal morality debate, this debate has focused on Western concepts. We argue that the ubuntu conception of morality as a communal practice applies to some nonhuman animals. African elephant communities are highly cooperative and structured around elders; they alloparent, protect their communities, mourn their dead, and pass on cultural knowledge between generations. Identifying these as important moral practices, ubuntu provides a theoretical framework to expand our <span>ethical concern</span> for elephants to their communities. In practice, this will deepen our understanding of the wrongness of atrocities like culling for population management or trophy hunting.</p>","PeriodicalId":44879,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Philosophical Association","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138573073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aesthetic Experience as Interaction 作为互动的审美体验
IF 1 2区 哲学
Journal of the American Philosophical Association Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1017/apa.2023.21
BENCE NANAY
{"title":"Aesthetic Experience as Interaction","authors":"BENCE NANAY","doi":"10.1017/apa.2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to argue that what is distinctive about aesthetic experiences has to do with what we do -- <jats:italic>not</jats:italic> with our perception or evaluation, but with our action and, more precisely, with our interaction with whatever we are aesthetically engaging with. This view goes against the mainstream inasmuch as aesthetic engagement is widely held to be special precisely because it is detached from the sphere of the practical. I argue that taking the interactive nature of aesthetic experiences seriously can help us to understand some of the most important features of aesthetic experiences and the role they play in our life: their normativity, their crucial role in the ways in which the aesthetic domain looms large in our self-image and in the social dimension of aesthetic engagement.","PeriodicalId":44879,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Philosophical Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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