Poverty in ItalyPub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.17
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":448395,"journal":{"name":"Poverty in Italy","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128468888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty in ItalyPub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781447352211.003.0009
C. Saraceno, D. Benassi, E. Morlicchio
{"title":"Afterword The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic","authors":"C. Saraceno, D. Benassi, E. Morlicchio","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781447352211.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352211.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"At the time we were revising the proofs of this book, Italy suddenly became one of the countries most hit by Coronavirus (COVID-19). On 9 March 2020, Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte signed a decree implementing a complete lockdown aimed at ‘avoiding any movement of individuals’. Only a small number of ‘essential activities’ remained open: health services, of course, and food stores, as well as the industrial, agricultural and logistic activities linked to these two sectors. Where possible, working at a social distance was implemented. Where this was not possible, workers were covered by the WGF, which was also extended to people working in small firms and sectors that previously not had such protection. But, given the large amount of very small firms and of self-employed people in Italy, as well as the large numbers of seasonal or temporary workers in tourism and cultural activities, many had neither work nor income protection. Many small enterprises risk not being able to re-open their shops, for example, and those formerly employed in them are facing difficulties in finding work as the lockdown is gradually being lifted – non-food shops, restaurants, cafes, cultural venues, tourism, sports, together with schools and childcare and education services will be the last to be reopened. Tourism in particular, which accounts for 13.2 per cent of GNP in Italy and 14.9 per cent of total employment, will likely continue to suffer the effects of COVID-19 throughout the whole of 2020 and possibly into 2021....","PeriodicalId":448395,"journal":{"name":"Poverty in Italy","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124054016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty in ItalyPub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.10
{"title":"Working-poor, children and migrants:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":448395,"journal":{"name":"Poverty in Italy","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132182741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty in ItalyPub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.14
{"title":"AFTERWORD:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":448395,"journal":{"name":"Poverty in Italy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128128277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty in ItalyPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.8
C. Saraceno, D. Benassi, E. Morlicchio
{"title":"The historical roots of the Italian poverty regime","authors":"C. Saraceno, D. Benassi, E. Morlicchio","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter traces the historical roots of the Italian poverty regime as it was shaped by a regionally uneven economic development and by a welfare state development that de facto ignored both the persistence of old and new form of poverty and the risks associated to single earner households with children.\u0000Poverty did decrease substantially in Italy with the post WWII recovery and the mass movement of population from rural to urban areas following the process of intense industrialization, particularly in the Northern regions. But its incidence remained comparatively high. Old forms persisted and new ones started to emerge, linked to the development of secondary, precarious labour markets in the informal economy. While the overall improvement in the level of living contributed to marginalize poverty in the policy agenda, the Italian welfare state developed not only following a male breadwinner model, but in a patchy and fragmentary way, leaving the most vulnerable largely unprotected. Neither the Christian Democratic Party nor the Communist Party - the two major parties until the early 1990s- had contrasting poverty in their agenda, although for different reasons.","PeriodicalId":448395,"journal":{"name":"Poverty in Italy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125748871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty in ItalyPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.9
C. Saraceno, D. Benassi, E. Morlicchio
{"title":"Long-term Trends Since the Early 1990s","authors":"C. Saraceno, D. Benassi, E. Morlicchio","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.9","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 4 individuates the 1992 monetary crisis (devaluation of the Lira) as a turning point in the Italian economic development, starting the long period of sluggish growth, decreasing value of real wages, increasing both inequality and poverty. The 1990s were also the period when child poverty started to increase, and the conditions of the young to deteriorate, becoming, together with the North-/South divide, structural features of Italian poverty. During the same years, Italy started to become an immigration country, with migrants from developing countries mostly occupying the lowest rungs of the occupational stratification, thus being exposed to high risk of poverty. These characteristics were further heightened by the economic crisis and its long duration, which highlighted the weakness both of the Italian economy and of the Italian system of social protection. The increasing number of working poor, particularly in households with children, well exemplify this weakness.","PeriodicalId":448395,"journal":{"name":"Poverty in Italy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128295623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty in ItalyPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.6
C. Saraceno, D. Benassi, E. Morlicchio
{"title":"A Regime Approach","authors":"C. Saraceno, D. Benassi, E. Morlicchio","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter develops the theoretical framework within which Italian poverty characteristics and drivers should be understood, in a European comparative perspective. Following Polanyi’s approach, it argues that poverty is the outcome of modes of regulation of social processes that, on one hand, shape the system of opportunities and disadvantages, and, on the other, expose specific social groups to the risk of poverty. These modes of regulation are historically rooted and involve economic processes, family and social forms of solidarities, gender arrangements and cultural norms and representations. \u0000Based on various indicators, the chapter delineates five types of poverty regimes within the EU, which differ both in levels and intensity of poverty and in the specific dimensions of vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":448395,"journal":{"name":"Poverty in Italy","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122108991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty in ItalyPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.13
C. Saraceno, D. Benassi, E. Morlicchio
{"title":"Continuities and changes in the Italian poverty regime","authors":"C. Saraceno, D. Benassi, E. Morlicchio","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.13","url":null,"abstract":"The concluding chapter argues that the financial crisis both exposed and strengthened the weaknesses in all four dimensions whose interplay constitutes the specific Italian poverty regime. Gender arrangements within the family and exclusive expectations of family solidarity proved both risky and not always feasible. The fragmentary system of social protection became increasingly unable to protect a growing population of unemployed or precarious workers. Workers’ organizations (trade unions), while losing part of their constituency because of unemployment and labour market changes, had difficulty in representing a changed workforce. NGOs and charities were increasing under the pressure to act as substitutes of the deficiencies and failures of the welfare state. These combined weaknesses, while strengthening long-term vulnerabilities and inequalities, also created new ones.\u0000Problematic developments are also occurring in the representation of the poor, even within the new income support measure, that ignores both the scarcity of demand and the crucial role of household composition and gender division of labour in exposing to the risk of poverty. More and more a moralisation of the discourse on poverty distinguishes between deserving and undeserving poor","PeriodicalId":448395,"journal":{"name":"Poverty in Italy","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116623051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty in ItalyPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.11
C. Saraceno, D. Benassi, E. Morlicchio
{"title":"Urban poverty in Italy","authors":"C. Saraceno, D. Benassi, E. Morlicchio","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15wxn8n.11","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter describes the incidence and features of poverty in the ten largest Italian cities. Exploiting the bulk of existing research, the chapter discusses how poverty is produced in each city, stressing the connection between the social organization of the urban life – including the economy, the social dynamics, the social fabric, the local politics – and the triggering of individual and household trajectories of impoverishment. Following an analysis based on maps that show how the disadvantaged population is more or less concentrated is some areas of each city, the situation of the three largest ones – Milan, Naples and Rome – is described in more detail. These three cities are very different from each other: Milan is the wealthiest city of the country, and here poverty transforms typically in social exclusion, while Naples is the ideal-typical case of Mediterranean city with a large diffusion of “integrated poverty”, but also of disqualified poverty and urban segregation. Rome is an immense territory with large dispersed and often isolated peripheries (the so-called borgate) where a highly vulnerable and variegated population live often in conflict with each other.","PeriodicalId":448395,"journal":{"name":"Poverty in Italy","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132755701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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