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Post-pandemic economic recovery: A review of the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in India 大流行后的经济复苏：对印度财政和货币政策有效性的审查
IF 1.8
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/ecaf.70006
Sazzad Parwez
{"title":"Post-pandemic economic recovery: A review of the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in India","authors":"Sazzad Parwez","doi":"10.1111/ecaf.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic unleashed a profound global economic crisis, compelling the Indian government and the Reserve Bank of India to implement extensive fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate its adverse effects and stimulate recovery. This article provides an in-depth assessment of India's post-pandemic economic recovery efforts, evaluating the efficacy of fiscal stimulus and monetary interventions. By analysing policy frameworks, key economic indicators, and empirical data, the study examines the impact of government spending, tax incentives, interest rate adjustments, and liquidity measures on overall recovery. It also critically analyses the trajectory of inflation, public debt, and economic inequality in the post-pandemic period. While expansionary policies helped prevent a prolonged downturn, concerns over fiscal sustainability, rising amounts of non-performing assets, and income disparities remain. Addressing these disparities requires targeted policy measures that focus on long-term resilience and structural reforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":44825,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMIC AFFAIRS","volume":"45 3","pages":"417-439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
One money – two values: Sweden's experience of parallel banknotes 1789–1803, and its relevance for today's CBDC debate 一种货币-两种价值：瑞典1789-1803年平行纸币的经验，及其与今天CBDC辩论的相关性
IF 1.8
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/ecaf.70004
Gabriel Stein
{"title":"One money – two values: Sweden's experience of parallel banknotes 1789–1803, and its relevance for today's CBDC debate","authors":"Gabriel Stein","doi":"10.1111/ecaf.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>From 1789 to 1803, Sweden experienced a unique monetary situation. The government issued banknotes through two institutions, Riksens Ständers Bank (the Bank of the Estates of the Realm, later the Riksbank) and Riksgäldskontoret (the National Debt Office); the notes were in the same currency (riksdaler); they were occasionally in the same denominations; and they were both legal tender. Yet their values diverged, eventually by as much as 50 per cent. Both contemporary and subsequent writers have generally argued that this divergence occurred and was later driven by mass issuance of the Debt Office notes, and/or by the fact that these notes, in contrast to notes issued by the Bank, were not convertible into specie. These explanations are not borne out by the data. Instead, the best fit for the changes in the exchange rate between the two banknote types seems to be changes in the size of the outstanding government debt.</p>","PeriodicalId":44825,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMIC AFFAIRS","volume":"45 3","pages":"479-496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Property rights and entrepreneurship 产权与创业
IF 1.8
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/ecaf.70007
Leonel A Regalado Cardoso
{"title":"Property rights and entrepreneurship","authors":"Leonel A Regalado Cardoso","doi":"10.1111/ecaf.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the relationship between the quality of property rights institutions and entrepreneurial activity, using panel data from 90 countries between 2004 and 2018. The results provide evidence of a U-shaped association: at low levels of property rights enforcement, entrepreneurship rates are elevated because of necessity-driven activity; as institutions improve moderately, total entrepreneurship initially declines but, at higher levels of property rights protection, opportunity-driven entrepreneurship rises, increasing overall entrepreneurial activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":44825,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMIC AFFAIRS","volume":"45 3","pages":"509-521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transforming the monetary system 货币体系转型
IF 1.8
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/ecaf.70005
Volodymyr Vysochansky
{"title":"Transforming the monetary system","authors":"Volodymyr Vysochansky","doi":"10.1111/ecaf.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The contemporary fiat-money regime is characterised by structural deficiencies that exacerbate coordination failures among economic agents and undermine social cohesion through ineffective state regulation and unintended policy side effects. Drawing on Austrian School insights and enabled by modern exchange infrastructures, I propose a self-regulated monetary framework that aligns money issuance with participants' preferences, enforces sound-money principles, and leverages a Value Standard Exchange-Traded Fund (VS ETF) of commodity futures. The study details such a system's key components, its endogenous self-regulation mechanism, and the requisite technological and institutional infrastructure, and it outlines a feasible path for a gradual, non-coercive transition from the existing regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":44825,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMIC AFFAIRS","volume":"45 3","pages":"497-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Societal value and health economic benefits of GLP-1 drugs in the United States GLP-1药物在美国的社会价值和健康经济效益
IF 1.8
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/ecaf.70011
Frederik Cyrus Roeder, Emil Panzaru
{"title":"Societal value and health economic benefits of GLP-1 drugs in the United States","authors":"Frederik Cyrus Roeder,&nbsp;Emil Panzaru","doi":"10.1111/ecaf.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article provides an overview of the health economics of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in the United States based on a selection of the key literature, with some comparison references to cost-effectiveness in the United Kingdom. It discusses the potential health-care cost savings and societal benefits of products such as semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy), followed by current pricing trends and coverage, concluding with methodological and policy implications. To correctly consider the greater positive effects of GLP-1 agonists, standard methods of assessment must go beyond list prices and balance cost-containment, equity, and access while preserving competition and choice in the health-care market.</p>","PeriodicalId":44825,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMIC AFFAIRS","volume":"45 3","pages":"461-478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The price of our values: The economic limits of moral life, By Augustin Landier and David Thesmar. University of Chicago Press. 2025. 232 pp. £20.00 (hbk). ISBN: 978-0226827087. £14.72 (Kindle ed.). ISBN: 978-0226827094 《我们价值观的代价：道德生活的经济极限》，奥古斯丁·兰迪尔和大卫·斯马著。芝加哥大学出版社，2025。232页，20.00英镑（英镑）。ISBN: 978 - 0226827087。14.72英镑（Kindle版）。ISBN: 978 - 0226827094
IF 1.8
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/ecaf.70000
Kristian Niemietz
{"title":"The price of our values: The economic limits of moral life, By Augustin Landier and David Thesmar. University of Chicago Press. 2025. 232 pp. £20.00 (hbk). ISBN: 978-0226827087. £14.72 (Kindle ed.). ISBN: 978-0226827094","authors":"Kristian Niemietz","doi":"10.1111/ecaf.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.70000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44825,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMIC AFFAIRS","volume":"45 3","pages":"567-568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Money, debt and interest in monotheistic religions: An etymological approach By Murat Ustaoğlu. Routledge. 2024. 114 pp. £145.00 (hbk). ISBN: 978-1032587011. £42.99 (pbk). ISBN: 978-1032587035. £32.24 (ebk). ISBN: 978-1003451129 一神论宗教中的金钱、债务和利息：一种语源学研究作者：Murat Ustaoğlu。劳特利奇》2024。114页，145.00英镑。ISBN: 978 - 1032587011。£42.99 (pbk)。ISBN: 978 - 1032587035。£32.24(订购)。ISBN: 978 - 1003451129
IF 1.8
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/ecaf.70001
Benedikt Koehler
{"title":"Money, debt and interest in monotheistic religions: An etymological approach By Murat Ustaoğlu. Routledge. 2024. 114 pp. £145.00 (hbk). ISBN: 978-1032587011. £42.99 (pbk). ISBN: 978-1032587035. £32.24 (ebk). ISBN: 978-1003451129","authors":"Benedikt Koehler","doi":"10.1111/ecaf.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.70001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44825,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMIC AFFAIRS","volume":"45 3","pages":"562-563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Zealand's Regulatory Standards Bill: A mild transparency measure under fire 新西兰监管标准法案：温和的透明度措施遭到抨击
IF 1.8
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/ecaf.70015
Bryce Wilkinson
{"title":"New Zealand's Regulatory Standards Bill: A mild transparency measure under fire","authors":"Bryce Wilkinson","doi":"10.1111/ecaf.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.70015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44825,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMIC AFFAIRS","volume":"45 3","pages":"545-554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lehren aus Deutschland 德国的教训
IF 1.8
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/ecaf.70012
Kristian Niemietz
{"title":"Lehren aus Deutschland","authors":"Kristian Niemietz","doi":"10.1111/ecaf.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.70012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44825,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMIC AFFAIRS","volume":"45 3","pages":"555-561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
By Mark Carlson, . The young Fed: The banking crises of the 1920s and the making of the lender of last resort. University of Chicago Press. 2025. 240 pp. £32.00 (hbk). ISBN: 978-0226837826. £27.89 (Kindle ed.). ISBN: 978-0226837833 马克·卡尔森著。年轻的美联储：20世纪20年代的银行业危机和最后贷款人的形成。芝加哥大学出版社，2025。240页，32.00英镑（港币）。ISBN: 978 - 0226837826。27.89英镑（Kindle版）。ISBN: 978 - 0226837833
IF 1.8
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/ecaf.70002
Forrest Capie
{"title":"By Mark Carlson, . The young Fed: The banking crises of the 1920s and the making of the lender of last resort. University of Chicago Press. 2025. 240 pp. £32.00 (hbk). ISBN: 978-0226837826. £27.89 (Kindle ed.). ISBN: 978-0226837833","authors":"Forrest Capie","doi":"10.1111/ecaf.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.70002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44825,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMIC AFFAIRS","volume":"45 3","pages":"564-566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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