{"title":"Was the Pericope Adulterae Suppressed?","authors":"Jennifer Knust, Tommy Wasserman","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691169880.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691169880.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter demonstrates that the outright deletion of a significant block of text like the pericope adulterae from a written Gospel book would be surprising, if not impossible: editorial and literary objections to textual deletion were common; manuscript evidence suggests that scribes preferred to preserve the texts they found in their exemplars, though they did omit or delete a few words here and there; and editors preferred to preserve earlier texts, even if portions of these texts were regarded as spurious. Editors and scholars discussed possible additions to texts, often at length, but they were deeply hesitant to remove these disputed passages. The chapter then considers the suppression theory, which was first articulated by Augustine of Hippo in the fifth century and then revived in the nineteenth century by New Testament scholars interested in explaining the story's early demise.","PeriodicalId":447875,"journal":{"name":"To Cast the First Stone","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133753812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Telling Stories in Church","authors":"Jennifer Knust, Tommy Wasserman","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691169880.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691169880.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the divergent liturgical history of the pericope adulterae. Assigned to the third Saturday of Lent in Rome, the story gained even greater prominence in Latin contexts, particularly during the Carolingian and Ottonian periods. Carolingian biblical reform preserved and promulgated the Roman stational liturgy, Jerome's Vulgate, and also the pericope adulterae, which was featured in an imperial-sponsored homiliary and depicted in luxurious copies of the Gospels. The story was comparatively peripheral in Byzantine contexts, yet it was incorporated in this context as well. Featured as a lection on the feast days of female sinner saints and read in penitential contexts, the story was readily accepted within earlier traditions about repentant prostitutes and the mercy Christ extends. Liturgical reading guaranteed that the pericope would be remembered in both contexts, albeit differently.","PeriodicalId":447875,"journal":{"name":"To Cast the First Stone","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127324843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“In Many Copies”","authors":"Jennifer Knust, Tommy Wasserman","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691169880.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691169880.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the pericope adulterae in the Latin West. Approximately two-thirds of extant Old Latin manuscripts included the story, and mixed texts invariably either included it or show an awareness of its presence elsewhere. Only one-third of the Old Latin copies exclude it altogether. Fourth-century Latin Christian writings and copies of John preserving Old Latin texts therefore confirm the widespread inclusion of the pericope adulterae within John in the Latin West. By the end of the fourth century, however, there was also already great textual diversity in the Old Latin tradition in general, and the pericope adulterae in particular, which is evident from a comparison of these extant Old Latin manuscripts and citations by Latin fathers.","PeriodicalId":447875,"journal":{"name":"To Cast the First Stone","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122541659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Pearl of the Gospel","authors":"Jennifer Knust, Tommy Wasserman","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691169880.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691169880.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter assesses the importance of the Johannine passage in Old Latin and Byzantine texts, with particular attention to paratextual notes, chapter headings, and annotations. Some Old Latin Gospels retain traces of the pericope adulterae's earlier absence, but most include it, highlighting it in capitula—the chapter summaries and lists that also accompanied Vulgate Gospels—often preserving Old Latin forms. By contrast, the story remained comparably marginal in Greek contexts, as scholars have frequently noted. Even so, the story was popular enough to provoke an exceptional event: at some point in late antiquity, the passage was interpolated in some manuscripts into the kephalaia—a set of chapter headings with titles that prefaced most Byzantine copies of the Gospels. This manuscript evidence challenges the impression that the story was marginal, even in Greek.","PeriodicalId":447875,"journal":{"name":"To Cast the First Stone","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128768572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: Loose Texts, Loose Women","authors":"Jennifer Knust, Tommy Wasserman","doi":"10.1515/9780691184463-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691184463-005","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory chapter provides a background of the pericope adulterae—the episode involving Jesus and a woman caught in adultery. The pericope adulterae boasts a long, complex history of reception and transmission, which, at least early on, placed it on the margins of Christian interpretation. Today the story is so widely known, so widely quoted, and so often alluded to in art, literature, film, and public discourse of all sorts that “throwing stones” serves as a cliché. Even so, the textual instability of the episode has not been forgotten, especially by biblical scholars, who continue to debate the implications of its unusual past. By now, most scholars have concluded that the pericope was not original to the Gospel; rather, it was added by a well-meaning interpolator at some later date, after the Gospel of John was already circulating.","PeriodicalId":447875,"journal":{"name":"To Cast the First Stone","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125893850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Strange Case of the Missing Adulteress","authors":"Jennifer Knust, Tommy Wasserman","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691169880.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691169880.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies a climate of Gospel production and interpretation that could lead to the pericope adulterae's incorporation within an already published Gospel of John. While it is true that the pericope was not likely to have been materially present in the earliest copies of John, its absence from the fourfold Gospels would not have prevented interpreters from highly regarding the story. Moreover, with books produced by hand and distributed within circles of affinity groups, it would have been difficult for even the staunchest editor to prevent an interpolator from going about his or her work. Once placed within some copies of John, few would dare to remove it.","PeriodicalId":447875,"journal":{"name":"To Cast the First Stone","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116483937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“In Certain Gospels”?","authors":"Jennifer Knust, Tommy Wasserman","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691169880.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691169880.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at editorial work, Gospel translation, traditions for reception, and attitudes toward the fourfold Gospels among late ancient scribes and scholars to illuminate the evidence of the pericope adulterae appearing only “in certain Gospels.” After nearly two centuries of spirited defense of the fourfold Gospels, as well as an uptick in biblical scholarship, the difficulty presented by the omission of the pericope adulterae from the four acknowledged Gospels had finally emerged as a worthy topic, at least in some quarters. Among Latin-speaking Christians, the story found a safe home and was incorporated in Jerome's new translation. In exclusively Greek contexts, however, the story was initially ignored, probably because it was omitted from many of the available copies of the Gospel of John.","PeriodicalId":447875,"journal":{"name":"To Cast the First Stone","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121380227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Pericope Adulterae and the Rise of Modern New Testament Scholarship","authors":"Jennifer Knust, Tommy Wasserman","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691169880.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691169880.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter evaluates the modern scholarship on the pericope adulterae. Debates about the pericope adulterae have been central to the development of both modern textual criticism and historical-critical approaches to the Gospels, as these disciplines emerged in the nineteenth century. When nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholars advocated for the necessity of correcting ancient scribal error, they did so in part on the basis of this pericope, which was relegated to brackets or margins and thereby effectively removed from the canonical Gospel of John. The displacement of this story, as well as a few other passages, was inextricably linked to a new scientific approach to textual editing that finally overturned the Textus Receptus, the Greek text that had been employed in Europe since the Renaissance.","PeriodicalId":447875,"journal":{"name":"To Cast the First Stone","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133622277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concluding Reflections: An Enduring Memory","authors":"Jennifer Knust, Tommy Wasserman","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691169880.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691169880.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This concluding chapter argues that the history of the pericope adulterae reveals as much about the changing priorities of scribes, editors, and scholars as it does about an “initial text” of John. Local liturgical habits also had a tremendous impact on what could survive as an “authentic” gospel memory. The study's survey of the evidence shows that the story was interpolated into a Greek copy of John in the West, probably during the first half of the third century, and with great care; that the Johannine pericope was then gradually but decisively brought into texts, liturgy, and art in Greek and Latin, albeit at different rates; and thus that the story was not actively suppressed on theological grounds, either in its initial version or in its Johannine forms, despite the custom among some Byzantine scribes and scholars of identifying the passage as spurious.","PeriodicalId":447875,"journal":{"name":"To Cast the First Stone","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134271414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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