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An interactive molecular graphics system with a satellite terminal closely coupled to its host 一个具有卫星终端与宿主紧密耦合的交互式分子图形系统
ACM '75 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1145/800181.810289
J. Foley, W. Wright
{"title":"An interactive molecular graphics system with a satellite terminal closely coupled to its host","authors":"J. Foley, W. Wright","doi":"10.1145/800181.810289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800181.810289","url":null,"abstract":"GRIP is an experimental interactive computer graphics system being developed at the University of North Carolina for displaying, evaluating and manipulating models of complex molecular structures. The system displays a molecule as a network of line segments representing the locations and orientations of the atoms and valence bonds in the structure. It can also display electron-density data (obtained by crystallographic methods) as a three-dimensional contour map. The user can command the system to measure selected distances and angles in the model and to calculate functions of the molecular conformation such as its internal potential energy. He can also move the atoms about in the model space, either singly or in groups as specified by a vector or to minimize certain functions of the conformation. The user commands the system to execute one of these operations by selecting a light button. The parameters for such a command are specified by other light buttons, by selecting lines representing bonds in the molecular display, and by keyboard entry of scalar values. In addition to these discrete commands, the user has continuous, real-time manual control of the direction from which he views the model and of the position and orientation of a selected part of the model.","PeriodicalId":447373,"journal":{"name":"ACM '75","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133897139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SIGSAM 1-Symbolic mathematical systems (Part I)(Tutorial) SIGSAM 1-符号数学系统(第一部分)(教程)
ACM '75 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1145/800181.810333
J. Griesmer, W. S. Brown, M. Griss
{"title":"SIGSAM 1-Symbolic mathematical systems (Part I)(Tutorial)","authors":"J. Griesmer, W. S. Brown, M. Griss","doi":"10.1145/800181.810333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800181.810333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":447373,"journal":{"name":"ACM '75","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134019998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computers outside the fishbowl 鱼缸外的电脑
ACM '75 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1145/800181.810363
D. Maus
{"title":"Computers outside the fishbowl","authors":"D. Maus","doi":"10.1145/800181.810363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800181.810363","url":null,"abstract":"Computers have traditionally operated in a glass enclosed, air-conditioned environment...in a fishbowl. The computer center has been a mysterious closed area where technology reigned supreme. Now, with the advent of inexpensive, rugged hardware, computers have come out of the fishbowl into the cruel, real-time world. As the computer gets closer to the sensor, so the programmer must get closer to the engineer and the application. The new breed of programmers will have engineering backgrounds and interests. The panel will challenge these new engineering programmers by reviewing the uses of computers in industrial, automotive, airborne and military application. The panel will show that rapid advances in technology will cause a major impact in the design, use and programming of computers for hostile and real-time environments.","PeriodicalId":447373,"journal":{"name":"ACM '75","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131607573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SYSTEM 2000 performance measurement and data base evaluation SYSTEM 2000性能测量和数据库评价
ACM '75 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1145/800181.810266
E. Lowenthal
{"title":"SYSTEM 2000 performance measurement and data base evaluation","authors":"E. Lowenthal","doi":"10.1145/800181.810266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800181.810266","url":null,"abstract":"SYSTEM 2000 provides the data base administrator (DBA) with a variety of tools to assist him in making decisions regarding data base reorganization/restructuring and application optimization.","PeriodicalId":447373,"journal":{"name":"ACM '75","volume":"65 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132286735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The microprocessor: Out of control ? 微处理器:失控?
ACM '75 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1145/800181.810303
R. Krutz
{"title":"The microprocessor: Out of control ?","authors":"R. Krutz","doi":"10.1145/800181.810303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800181.810303","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the need for a microcontroller as opposed to a microprocessor in a large segment of applications. The trend toward upgrading the microprocessor via the traditional data processing routes; such as, the addition of DMA, Arithmetic Capability, and Direct Addressing of large amounts of memory, is diametrically opposed to the requirements of many control applications. A discussion of the capabilities of some of the popular microprocessors relative to control application is given. Also, some proposed architectures for one-chip microcontrollers are presented.","PeriodicalId":447373,"journal":{"name":"ACM '75","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127790510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seeking configurational optimization in computer systems 寻求计算机系统的结构优化
ACM '75 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1145/800181.810293
S. Kachhal, S. R. Arora
{"title":"Seeking configurational optimization in computer systems","authors":"S. Kachhal, S. R. Arora","doi":"10.1145/800181.810293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800181.810293","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops analytic techniques for achieving macro-level configurational optimization of computer systems. The computer is viewed as a network of queues with the processors, main memory, auxiliary memory and the transfer channels being the servers. The objective function to be minimized is the total system cost divided by the probability of the CPU busy time for a given user benchmark. A queueing model is developed which evaluates this probability. The scope of optimization includes the determination of the parameters related to component selection and the determination of management oriented variables like degree of multiprogramming, main memory space allotted to each program. The optimization algorithm is a modified 'Direct Search Method'.","PeriodicalId":447373,"journal":{"name":"ACM '75","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115518568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
A heuristic approach to scheduling assignments for the purpose of evaluating school floorplans 为评估学校平面图而安排作业的启发式方法
ACM '75 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1145/800181.810352
W. Bregar
{"title":"A heuristic approach to scheduling assignments for the purpose of evaluating school floorplans","authors":"W. Bregar","doi":"10.1145/800181.810352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800181.810352","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to assignment of scheduled school activities to available space is presented. The assignment process is central to a program which simulates activities on a proposed school floorplan and provides feedback to school designers on the functionality of the designed space. The focus of this research is on open-plan school designs.\u0000 Observation of open-plan schools showed that a large open space was generally divided and subdivided into a hierarchy of spaces. Thus, assignment of scheduled activities could not be made using standard assignment algorithms. A heuristic approach to the assignment of activities was developed, therefore, and is shown to be an effective means of obtaining reasonable, if not optimal, solutions to the assignment problems.","PeriodicalId":447373,"journal":{"name":"ACM '75","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124564161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A new approach to construction of computer systems 构建计算机系统的新途径
ACM '75 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1145/800181.810259
Tatsuya Hayashi
{"title":"A new approach to construction of computer systems","authors":"Tatsuya Hayashi","doi":"10.1145/800181.810259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800181.810259","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a new method in which original form of the whole system (described in a design and implementation language called DEAPLAN) is directly implemented as it is without either modification or transformation. In other words a kind of high level language machine is considered in the more throughgoing way. Our hardware apparently has neither CPU nor storage device and only consists of a large number of quantum processing units (QPUs) except channels and peripherals. Therefore, extremely speaking, the main contemporary concepts such as virtual space, reenterability and multiplexing of CPU as well as compiling and linkage editing are all disappeared in our system. The identity of implemented version of the system with the original form seems to give a more fundamental solution to the problem of the rapid growth of operating systems compared with the mere structured programming and so on.","PeriodicalId":447373,"journal":{"name":"ACM '75","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124035856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Translating data base procedures 翻译数据库过程
ACM '75 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1145/800181.810370
Eric Kintzer
{"title":"Translating data base procedures","authors":"Eric Kintzer","doi":"10.1145/800181.810370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800181.810370","url":null,"abstract":"One of the fastest growing areas in computer science today is the development and application of data base management systems (DBMS). These systems collect and maintain data in user-specified relationships in support of various interrelated applications. They provide a high level interface between application programs and the actual data to isolate the user from such operations as physical I/O, buffering and pointer manipulation. As new DBMSs are being developed with greater capabilities and features, users of existing DBMSs may wish to convert their application programs and the data bases to operate on the new system software. If the up-grading decision is made, all of the data and all of the application programs must be migrated to the new DBMS.\u0000 Migration of DBMS involves all aspects connected with the stored data. The schema of the data, the data definition language, the application procedures as well as the physical data items must be converted in some fashion so that the new DBMS functions as desired. Migration is an expensive undertaking especially if a different manufacturer's hardware is to be acquired. In the past when users converted from one file organization to another file organization (example: Honeywell's ISP to IBM's ISAM), specialized programs were written to translate the data between file systems. In addition, all the old application programs were re-written or modified so that they would operate on the new file organization. If you multiply an individual data processing shop's efforts to convert by the number of computer installations that undergo a system conversion, an enormous expense has been incurred. In the future, it is foreseeable that even greater expenses will be incurred in order to change from an existing DBMS to a new DBMS.","PeriodicalId":447373,"journal":{"name":"ACM '75","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125988801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Alternating semantic evaluator 交替语义评估器
ACM '75 Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1145/800181.810328
M. Jazayeri, K. G. Walter
{"title":"Alternating semantic evaluator","authors":"M. Jazayeri, K. G. Walter","doi":"10.1145/800181.810328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800181.810328","url":null,"abstract":"In order to make the use of attribute grammars practical in (automatic) compiler generation, restricted attribute grammars are introduced. A membership test is given which determines whether a given attribute grammar satisfies the required restrictions. The major advantage of the restricted attribute grammars is that they are non-circular. The given membership test can be embedded in a compiler writing system which accepts an attribute grammar as input and outputs a compiler for the associated language provided the grammar meets the restrictions. The technique is also applicable to translation grammars of [15]. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with context free grammars but not necessarily with attribute grammars.","PeriodicalId":447373,"journal":{"name":"ACM '75","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121121531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 65
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