{"title":"Management of Recurrent Vaginitis.","authors":"Anna M Powell, Jack D Sobel, Christina A Muzny","doi":"10.1007/s13669-026-00494-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13669-026-00494-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review summarizes current evidence regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of recurrent BV, recurrent VVC, and persistent trichomoniasis while highlighting emerging therapies and research priorities.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recurrent BV is driven by persistence of a polymicrobial biofilm on vaginal epithelial cells, failure to restore a <i>Lactobacillus</i>-dominant vaginal microbiome following antibiotic therapy, and reinfection from untreated sexual partners. Emerging therapeutic approaches including live biotherapeutic products, vaginal microbiota transplantation, and male partner treatment seek to address these mechanisms beyond conventional antibiotic suppression. In contrast, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis primarily reflects host susceptibility and immune dysregulation rather than persistent infection, making long-term suppressive antifungal therapy the cornerstone of management while newer antifungal agents expand treatment options for selected patients. Persistent trichomoniasis most commonly results from reinfection or incomplete therapy, although antimicrobial resistance remains an important consideration requiring specialized diagnostic testing and alternative treatment regimens.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Recurrent vaginitis is a common and frustrating clinical problem that substantially impairs women's quality of life and accounts for frequent healthcare utilization. Although bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and trichomoniasis (TV) share overlapping signs and symptoms, the mechanisms underlying recurrence differ considerably and require disease-specific management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":44726,"journal":{"name":"Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13669020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth P Howell, Annika Sinha, Cassandra K Kisby
{"title":"Surgical Approaches to Vaginal Agenesis: The Past, Present and Future.","authors":"Elizabeth P Howell, Annika Sinha, Cassandra K Kisby","doi":"10.1007/s13669-025-00440-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13669-025-00440-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The goal of this work is to review the most common techniques for surgical vaginoplasty. Specifically, this review delves into the history of surgical approaches to vaginal agenesis, including the landmark studies that first described the approaches we still use today. Next, we describe each of the three most commonly used techniques - the McIndoe, the Vecchietti, and the Davydov - including a review of the major case series published on each technique, and supplemented by medical illustrations. Lastly, we outline the most exciting innovations in the treatment of vaginal agenesis.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The field of vaginal reconstruction is experiencing exciting new growth in the realms of increasingly minimally invasive approaches, tissue engineering, and new graft materials or strategies for neovaginal creation.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Throughout history, there have been numerous approaches to the clinical conundrum of vaginal agenesis. There are pros and cons to each of the three most commonly used techniques. Lastly, innovations in the realm of bioengineering are advancing this field and creating exciting new possibilities for the care of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44726,"journal":{"name":"Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13008338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opioid Use Disorder: Approach to Intrapartum and Postpartum Management","authors":"L. Sudhof, Sarah N. Bernstein","doi":"10.1007/s13669-023-00371-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13669-023-00371-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44726,"journal":{"name":"Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports","volume":"435 18","pages":"199 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peripartum Sepsis","authors":"Arthur J. Vaught","doi":"10.1007/s13669-023-00370-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13669-023-00370-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44726,"journal":{"name":"Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135041614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intrapartum Management of Moderate to Severe COVID-19: an Evidence-Based Update","authors":"K. Albrecht, M. Tolcher","doi":"10.1007/s13669-023-00368-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13669-023-00368-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44726,"journal":{"name":"Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports","volume":"12 1","pages":"165 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48838599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadhana Roop, Shian Patel, Michelle Zhang, V. Tran, L. Boucher, C. Reinhold, J. Pelage
{"title":"Uterine Artery Embolization for Adenomyosis: A Review of Imaging, Techniques, Complications and Outcomes","authors":"Sadhana Roop, Shian Patel, Michelle Zhang, V. Tran, L. Boucher, C. Reinhold, J. Pelage","doi":"10.1007/s13669-023-00367-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13669-023-00367-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44726,"journal":{"name":"Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports","volume":"12 1","pages":"186 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43403559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enabling Breastfeeding for Women with Obesity","authors":"L. Nommsen-Rivers, Hatice Cetinkaya, A. Stuebe","doi":"10.1007/s13669-023-00365-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13669-023-00365-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44726,"journal":{"name":"Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports","volume":"12 1","pages":"147 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42642982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adenomyosis: Transvaginal Ultrasound and Imaging Innovations for Diagnosis","authors":"S. Young, Nuria Luna Ramirez, R. Kho","doi":"10.1007/s13669-023-00364-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13669-023-00364-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44726,"journal":{"name":"Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42844542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antenatal Optimization of Maternal Anemia Leads to Decreased Risks of Maternal Morbidity.","authors":"Laura A Smith, Brett C Young","doi":"10.1007/s13669-023-00366-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13669-023-00366-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Our review focuses on the appropriate use of intravenous iron to increase the likelihood of achieving target hemoglobin levels prior to delivery to reduce maternal morbidity.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a leading contributor to severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Prenatal treatment of IDA has been demonstrated to reduce the likelihood of adverse maternal outcomes. Recent investigations of intravenous iron supplementation have demonstrated superior efficacy and high tolerability for the treatment of IDA in the third trimester, compared against oral regimens. However, it is unknown whether this treatment is cost-effective, available to clinicians, or acceptable to patients.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Intravenous iron is superior to the oral treatment of IDA; however, its use is limited by the lack of implementation data.</p>","PeriodicalId":44726,"journal":{"name":"Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10238241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9769380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}