History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University最新文献

{"title":"Historical education in schools of Volyn region (the second part of 40s – the beginning of 50s of the 20th century)","authors":"L. Sosnytska","doi":"10.31861/hj2023.57.130-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2023.57.130-137","url":null,"abstract":"Today, school education in Ukraine is under major transformations designed to bring it to a qualitatively new level in order to ensure the sustainable development of Ukrainian society. Soviet state, Ukraine was a part of which for a long time, put school education under its full control, making it a kind of «factory» for the production of a «Soviet person». Among all the subjects taught in Soviet schools, the study of history, especially the history of the Motherland, was of the utmost importance for the formation of a communist worldview and loyalty to the state, its leader and party.The research is devoted to the interesting and understudied problem of studying history in schools of Volyn region in 1944 – 1953. The aim of the study is to characterize the issue of studying history in schools of Volyn region in the post-war period.The article emphasizes the peculiarities of the period under study for Volyn region, which are related to both: the reconstruction processes after the Second World War and the second wave of «Sovietisation» process. The full state control over all spheres of social and political life in the region also affected the situation of education.The author points out the difficulties that arose in teaching history during the period under study. First of all, it is the lack of curricula, textbooks, visual aids (historical maps, tables, and diagrams), the lack of the necessary number of qualified teachers, etc.History remained one of the most important subjects in Ukrainian schools during the first post-war decade. The example of Volyn region shows the difficulties that the authorities had to overcome in order to establish the educational process and the teaching of history in particular. The value of the subject was determined by the heavy ideological load. It were teachers of history who were supposed to demonstrate to students the advantages of a socialist state over capitalist states, spread the works of Marxism-Leninism, and form a communist worldview among young people. Teachers in the totalitarian Soviet state were forced to follow the party narrative, while being unable to convey the historical truth to students.","PeriodicalId":447177,"journal":{"name":"History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115801238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No, not ours Hryhorii!","authors":"O. Dobrzhanskyi","doi":"10.31861/hj2023.57.62-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2023.57.62-82","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the figure of Hryhorii Kupchanko, the Bukovynian ethnographer, journalist, publisher, and public figure. The author dwelled on some aspects of his biography, publishing, and journalistic activities, scientific research in ethnography, local history, and history that were unknown to the public. It is noted that H. Kupchanko quite often submitted false information about himself, which caused a lot of errors in the work of his researchers in the memoirs and autobiography. The source base of research was rather narrow.Major attention is paid to understanding the changes in the social and political views of H. Kupchanko, his evolution from old Russophilia to radical Moscophilia, as well as propaganda activities. The article confirms that since the late 1880s H. Kupchanko moved to the positions of the most consistent supporters of the Russian idea, in his numerous newspaper articles, brochures, he sought to impose Russian identity on the Rusyns of Bukovyna, Galicia and Transcarpathia, to convince them that they were the part of the «single Russian people», and that their language was a Great Russian dialect. This is evidenced by his numerous publications in the newspapers Russka Pravda, Prosvieshchieniye, various brochures, which were published in mass circulation and distributed free of charge to peasants of the Western Ukraine lands.The desire to justify H. Kupchanko by the fact that he made a certain contribution to the study of the customs, rituals, folklore of the Rusyns of Bukovyna and seems to be only a Russophile and not a radical Moscophile, does not hold waterand is refuted by numerous facts on his public and propaganda activities.","PeriodicalId":447177,"journal":{"name":"History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115921352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Destruction of religious monuments as a result of turkish-tatar raids on ukrainian lands, in the first quarter of the 17th century","authors":"H. Yatseniuk","doi":"10.31861/hj2023.57.6-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2023.57.6-18","url":null,"abstract":"For Ukrainian lands, especially the western region, the end of the 16th – the first quarter of the 17th century was a time of tremendous devastation due to constant Turkish-Tatar raids. The destruction of whole villages and towns, houses and churches, massacres, and kidnapping accompanied the attacks by Turks or Tatars.The attacks of Turks and Tatars were not accidental, and there were several reasons for this. First, it is the desire to seize material values at the expense of the prisoners to increase their army and get free labour. However, there were political motives for such attacks. First, the reason was the complex relationship between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. The following factors were decisive in the next political reasons: interference of Polish magnates in the internal affairs of the Danubian principalities (in 1612, 1616, and 1619); the pro-Austrian policy of King Sigismund III of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and his entourage; annual attacks of the Zaporozhian Cossack Army on the Turkish coast and fleet. According to the historiographic and source analysis, as soon as the diplomatic relations between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire intensified, the number of attacks increased dramatically. Especially many of them took place on the eve of and during the Khotyn War of 1620-1621. It happened because the Ottoman Empire intended to weaken the position of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and intimidate the local population. The greatest intensity of Tatar raids on Red Ruthenia occurred in 1612-1624. Mainly many attacks were carried out on the land of Galicia: 20 times were attacked Kolomyia district; 18 – Halytskyi; 17 – Terebovlianskyi; 14 – Lvivskyi; 12 – Zhydachivskyi; 9 – Stryiskyi; 7 – Drohobytskyi; 6 – Przemyslskyi; 5 – Sambirskyi.Destroying villages and towns, Tatars often chose religious buildings as the main object of attacks: churches, monasteries, and chapels. The enemy had several reasons for this: the Ukrainian population often used the church as a last refuge, hoping that the enemy would not burn down the shrine; the destruction and looting of the church brought material gains to the Tatars because in the churches there were always many valuable things that could be sold or melted down; the destruction of churches also had a psychological effect, people believed that the saints would be able to protect them, so often the main population of the village was concentrated in the church, during the raid of Tatars. As a result, they became easy prey for the enemy.","PeriodicalId":447177,"journal":{"name":"History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116064779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historiography of relations between the soviet government and the local population in the territory of Northern Bukovyna and Khotyn region in 1940-1947","authors":"Yana Bestanchuk","doi":"10.31861/hj2023.57.121-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2023.57.121-129","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historiography of the topic of relations between Soviet authorities and local population, the instruction of Sovietization processes in the territory of Northern Bukovyna and Khotyn region during 1940-1947.The study of relationship between Soviet authorities and local population is quite unexplored and requires further scientific study. There was no comprehensive study. In the scientific literature, this issue is highlighted in the form of a diverse thematic spectrum and concerns current political, economic, household and educational and cultural issues. During the last decades, depending on socio-political conditions and the available base of historical sources, the approach to the coverage of the mentioned issues has changed.The conclusion emphasizes that modern Ukrainian historiography, relying on a much wider source base, examines in more depth certain aspects the life of population in the territory of Chernivtsi region.Soviet historiography in Ukraine was strongly influenced by communist ideology and censorship, which had a significant impact on the study of the history of Bukovyna. The problems and achievements of Soviet industrial construction, the collectivization of agriculture, and the development of industry and transport infrastructure were studied. Special attention was paid to Soviet land reform policies and national policy regarding Bukovyna national minorities.Researchers are forced to work within the approved historical concept and maintain a positive image of Soviet government. This approach significantly limited the possibility of conducting objective research and analysis of the history of Bukovyna in the specified period.Foreign historiography of the history of Bukovyna was aimed at a detailed study of the events and processes of that time, in particular in the context of national issues using available sources and archival materials.Ukrainian historiography of the history of Bukovyna sought to understand and analyze the complex events of that time, focusing on the political, socio-economic and cultural aspects of life in Bukovyna, as well as on the role of Ukrainian population in the struggle for freedom and national independence.Thus, during the half-century period of studying the problems of the entry of Northern Bukovyna territory into the USSR, the interaction of local population and the Soviet authorities, the literature is not sufficiently systematized and does not cover the problems as a whole, a lot of works have a limited source base, because access to information on this topic was provided only at the end of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":447177,"journal":{"name":"History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University","volume":"86 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120882192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A trap for hetmanych: the suceavian campaign of T. Khmelnytskyi (1653)","authors":"M. Chuchko","doi":"10.31861/hj2023.57.19-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2023.57.19-54","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problems of difficult relations between the Moldavian prince Vasile Lupu and the Zaporozhzhia Army after the start of the War of Liberation in Ukraine under the leadership of Hetman B. Khmelnytskyi against Polish domination.The conclusion of a forced alliance, sealed in 1652 by the marriage of Vasile Lupu’s daughter Ruksandra and B. Khmelnytskyi’s son Tymofii, later led to a political crisis within the principality and confrontation with the rulers of neighboring Wallachia and Transylvania in the international arena. Due to the rebellion of the discontented boyars, led by the great logothete Gheorghe Ștefan, who were supported by the prince of Wallachia Matei Basarab and the prince of Transylvania George II Rákóczi, in the spring of 1653 Vasile Lupu briefly lost power, but soon returned the throne with the help of the Cossacks of hetmanych T. Khmelnytskyi. However, the attempt of the prince of Moldavia to use the armed forces of his son-in-law for a joint campaign to seize the possessions of his rival Matei Basarab ended with the defeat of the Moldavian-Cossack army at Finta in Wallachia and the coming to power in Moldavia of Gheorghe Ștefan, who occupied Iasi and blocked the Suceava fortress, where Vasile Lupu’s wife closed herself. T. Khmelnytskyi again arrived at the head of the Cossack army to help the besieged in Moldova. His appearance near Suceava in August 1653 led to the ruin of this territory. Having made his way to the besieged and having organized a fortified camp with the Cossacks on the floor side of the fortress, the hetmanych found himself in a trap, being finally blocked upon the arrival in Suceava of the fresh forces of voivode Gheorghe Ștefan with contingents of Transylvanians, Wallachians and Poles. The Cossacks, besieged under the castle, were actively defending in the hope of helping the main forces of Hetman B. Khmelnytskyi, and also waiting for the Tatars recruited by Vasile Lupu. However, help did not arrive in time, and hunger, attacks, shelling and the death of T. Khmelnytskyi from a wound forced the Cossack garrison in early October to capitulate with honour to the allied forces, on the terms of free departure to Ukraine with the body of hetmanych.In general, the defence of Suceava in 1653 became the final episode of the Moldavian campaigns of Bohdan and Tymofii Khmelnytskyi (1650, 1653). After the death of his son and the surrender of Suceava, B. Khmelnytskyi lost interest in affairs in the Danube principalities and orientation towards Portа, placing further hopes in the fight against the Commonwealth on Moscow. The Hetman’s matchmaker, the former prince Vasile Lupu, having lost all hope of regaining the throne of Moldavia, ended up in a foreign land, being imprisoned in Istanbul, and the principality of Moldavia, which he involved in an alliance with the Cossacks, remained in the future a territory of military activity of neighbours, experiencing ruin.","PeriodicalId":447177,"journal":{"name":"History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116631856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ukrainian-romanian stages for student archaeological practice","authors":"Sorin Ignătescu, Mykola Ilkiv, O. Rusnak","doi":"10.31861/hj2022.56.87-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2022.56.87-94","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-border cooperation between institutions of higher education is one of the goals of modern education, an important component of didactic and research activities. Over the past 30 years, such an initiative has been implemented several times during archaeological practices for students of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University and «Ștefan cel Mare» University of Suceava. During this time, four student exchanges took place. The main practice bases in 1993 were the settlements of Chornivka in Ukraine and Târgu Frumos in Romania, in 1994 – the settlements of Revne and Siret, and in 2006 and 2007 – the Khotyn fortress and the settlement of Fetești – La Schit. The periods of joint practice lasted for 10 days, were related to the solution of certain organizational issues and allowed to realize a number of important educational goals.","PeriodicalId":447177,"journal":{"name":"History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114836516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the negative phenomena of the russian occupation government on the population of Galicia and Bukovyna during World War I","authors":"Viktoriia Khoma","doi":"10.31861/hj2022.56.71-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2022.56.71-77","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the situation of the population on the Eastern Frontline during World War I. The main focus is on the living conditions of the frontline population with the enemy army and the way of life under occupation. Large focus is on the attitude and behavior of the population of Galicia and Bukovyna to the Russian military. The aspect of interaction between the local population and the occupying forces is important in the article. The author considered the specifics of looting and robberies by the occupying army of the local population. The prevailing attitudes of the population towards Russian soldiers are analyzed, and the attitude and perception of the Russian military in Galicia and Bukovyna are separately considered. The author pays special attention to the evolution of the views of the local population in relation to the enemy troops, so if initially there was mutual interest, then already the 2nd and 3rd occupations show indifference and even hostility towards the Russian soldiers. In the conclusions, the author emphasizes that the situation of the population often depended on the situation at the front. If the situation at the front was difficult, the troops robbed and looted the occupied population. The article draws attention to the fact that the military did not despise away from robberies, looting and corruption, and the life of the population was difficult under the conditions of occupation. In general, the author does not observe large-scale cooperation between the population and the occupying forces. Summing up, the author notes that the occupations of the Russian troops differed in many ways, but the goal was basically the same: joining new territories to the empire, only the methods of achieving this goal were different.","PeriodicalId":447177,"journal":{"name":"History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130848549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rus’-byzantine treaty of 971: the authentic byzantine act or the chronicler’s mystification","authors":"Oleksandr Fylypchuk","doi":"10.31861/hj2022.56.6-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2022.56.6-17","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution attempts to analyze these arguments versus authenticity of document of 971 and presents a survey of the different kind of hypotheses encountered within the recent historiography. The article reveals important details about the some readings of the manuscripts, form and structure of the Rus’-Byzantine treaty of 971. Thus, the issue that arises is the following: (1) identification of the synkellos Theophilos, (2) identification of the Sveneld, (3) the ‘construction’ of the treaty. The attention is paid to the sources of two Byzantine narratives (the History of Leo the Diacon and a Synopsis of John Skylitzes) about the role of synkellos Philotheos / Theophilos in the Byzantine diplomacy, including the agreement with the Rus’. A thorough analysis of the evidence found in the History of Leo the Diacon and a Synopsis of John Skylitzes leads us to conclude that the synkellos Theophilos mentioned in PVL is not identical to synkellos Philotheos / Theophilos. Rejecting the identity of Theophilus from the agreement with the Rus’ in PVL with Philoteus/Theophilus it makes unnecessary to search for a ‘common source’ between PVL and a Synopsis of John Skylitzes or that the chronicler read a certain Byzantine chronicle where he found the archbishop Theophilus. Our rejection of the identity of synkellos Theophilos with Philoteus/Theophilus has methodological advantages, because it allows us not to create unnecessary superstructures or purely hypothetical entities. It also identifies that George Monachus Continuatus’s chronicle with addition to 1130 was not a source for the PVL. There is no reason to assume that the author of PVL could use thus ‘common source’. Thus, all proposed arguments in favor of the inauthenticity of the treaty 971 in PVL have significant flaws. They create redundant entities such as ‘common sources’ or a completely imaginary Byzantine chronicle. However, it is not possible to prove the reality of these hypothetical constructions as sources of the PVL. Summarizing presented counterarguments author concludes that the idea surrounding the inauthenticity of the 971 agreement does not find its confirmation. This paper engages with recent discussion on the Rus’-Byzantine treaty of 971 while also contributing to the renewed interest in the reception of the Byzantine documents in the Rus’.","PeriodicalId":447177,"journal":{"name":"History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115103035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Soviet system of institutional care and upbringing of children in the western regions of Ukraine after World War II","authors":"L. Drobina","doi":"10.31861/hj2022.56.78-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2022.56.78-86","url":null,"abstract":"This research constitutes a relatively new area which has emerged from the previous study on the Soviet system of institutional care and upbringing of children, in particular, an established system of orphanages in the western regions of Ukraine after World War II. It should be noted that the issue of dealing with street children was of a significant political and ideological value and required considerable financial investments.Importantly, there is evidence that the problem of child homelessness has played a pivotal role for many years. Since, not every child in Ukraine had the opportunity to grow up in a favorable family environment as well as stabilize their family housing situations or home life. By and large, push-pull factors that contribute to child neglect and social orphanhood are multi-faceted; these factors include poverty of families, economic difficulties as well as deprivations from basic human needs. Therefore, the Soviet system of institutional care and upbringing of children established various education institutions, in particular, secondary boarding schools and orphanages.Overall, the social care system of the 40-50s of the twentieth century has much resemblance with the current situation in Ukraine (in the context of Russo-Ukrainian War), including a new wave of orphans. In those times, children who lost their parents or could not get in contact with them; children from low-income families; children from one-parent families were sent to orphanages. They were kept there until they received incomplete secondary or even comprehensive education. Moreover, it was noted that the category of special orphanages included boarding houses for disabled children – the blind, the deaf-and-dumb. Namely, since 1945 there were 4 such boarding houses in the western regions of Ukraine. The author’s focus revolves around the problem of the-then Soviet society’s education system, which facilitated both educational process management and developing labor skills in orphanages. Upon turning 16, children, when leaving orphanages, were given a referral for employment in state and public enterprises, institutions and organizations. At the same time, they were given a chance to continue their studies in educational institutions of the labor reserves system, they could proceed with their vocational education and training for craft apprentice and train engine drivers, vocational (plants and factories) schools, whilst disabled pupils were transferred to homes of disabled people. The entire system of vocational training in orphanages was primarily focused on unskilled workers.Noteworthy, the conveniences and facilities of post-war orphanages and boarding schools left much to be desired. Assessing orphanages’ amenities and quality of life, it is worth mentioning that in the post-war years of the twentieth century, children who were living outside the normal boundaries of family like the others, experienced a shortage in basic needs. Most people were malnouri","PeriodicalId":447177,"journal":{"name":"History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124485487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"After all our Hryhoriy Kupchanko: an attempt to re-read the history of the ukrainian scholar, writer, public, cultural and political figure","authors":"Lidiia Kovalets","doi":"10.31861/hj2022.56.30-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31861/hj2022.56.30-47","url":null,"abstract":"The article makes an attempt to reconstruct the common history of works and days of Ukrainian scholar, writer, socio-political and cultural figure Hryhoriy Kupchanko (1849–1902), using, in particular, method of «reverse» optics, which means the examination of a particular individuality drama «from within». The attempt of reconstruction is largely determined by the attempt of the «Russian world» to present H. Kupchanko as «their own» – as a Moscowphile, as they say. The peculiarities (amount) of the apostasy to Moscowia of this representative of the elite stratum of the Bukovynian peasantry, the pupil of the appanage and Austrian civilization, the interconnection of the apostasy with the external factors, objective circumstances, as well as with subjective factors, the formation of contradictory views of the future scholar in his youth and different lines of his later behavior are elucidated. It turns out that historical fate of the Kupchanko’s family, consistent romanization that took place in Bukovyna in XIX century and led to principal staggering and deformations in the minds of young people in the period of formation of their personalities, worked on these contradictions. Decisive was the support of intellectual-creative efforts of H. Kupchanko by his gymnasium teacher – Bukovynian pedagogue and public figure I. Hlebovytsky and his supporters from Moscowophile circle, support which, maybe, had also a financial «equivalent» and promoted education of the University of Vienna. In the end, some psychological depths of the scholar's and writer’s personality also interfered, and the intensity of this life, the risks of activities, ambiguous relations with fellow countrymen, the extreme vulnerability of character, the complexity of personal destiny, etc., could have come from it.H. Kupchanko’s position in the Ukrainian nation-building process is interpreted not as purely Moscowphilia, but as Russophile. The pro-Ukrainian orientation of his efforts can be seen in his poetry and scholarly and popular studios, in particular those telling about Bukovyna and other eternal Rus (Ukrainian) lands. In fact it was a form of resistance to Moscowphilia and politics, although this author himself was not fully aware of. H. Kupchanko’s mistakes, however, reflected the general natural difficulties in the development of national self-consciousness, and without them there would be no advancement as such.The source base of the work was all available corpus of memoirs, biographical, scholarly, popular science, literature and fiction material relating to the subject, including the relevant archival documents.","PeriodicalId":447177,"journal":{"name":"History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123083802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}