J. Kümmel, K. Poser, F. Zanger, J. Michna, V. Schulze
{"title":"Surface Layer States of Worn Uncoated and TiN-Coated WC/Co-Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools after Dry Plain Turning of Carbon Steel","authors":"J. Kümmel, K. Poser, F. Zanger, J. Michna, V. Schulze","doi":"10.1155/2013/519686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/519686","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing wear mechanisms and developments of surface layers in WC/Co-cemented carbide cutting inserts is of great importance for metal-cutting manufacturing. By knowing relevant processes within the surface layers of cutting tools during machining the choice of machining parameters can be influenced to get less wear and high tool life of the cutting tool. Tool wear obviously influences tool life and surface integrity of the workpiece (residual stresses, surface quality, work hardening, etc.), so the choice of optimised process parameters is of great relevance. Vapour-deposited coatings on WC/Co-cemented carbide cutting inserts are known to improve machining performance and tool life, but the mechanisms behind these improvements are not fully understood. The interaction between commercial TiN-coated and uncoated WC/Co-cemented carbide cutting inserts and a normalised SAE 1045 steel workpiece was investigated during a dry plain turning operation with constant material removal under varied machining parameters. Tool wear was assessed by light-optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and EDX analysis. The state of surface layer was investigated by metallographic sectioning. Microstructural changes and material transfer due to tribological processes in the cutting zone were examined by SEM and EDX analyses.","PeriodicalId":44668,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Tribology","volume":"2013 1","pages":"519686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2013-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/519686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64430333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journal Bearings Lubrication Aspect Analysis Using Non-Newtonian Fluids","authors":"A. Nessil, S. Larbi, H. Belhaneche, M. Malki","doi":"10.1155/2013/212568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/212568","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is related to an analysis of journal bearings lubrication using non-Newtonian fluids which are described by a power-law model. The performance characteristics of the journal bearings are determined for various values of the non-Newtonian power-law index “” which is equal to: 0.9, 1, and 1.1. Obtained numerical results show that for the dilatant fluids (), the load-carrying capacity, the pressure, the temperature, and the frictional force increased while for the pseudo-plastic fluids () they decreased. The influence of the thermal effects on these characteristics is important at higher values of the flow behavior index “.” Obtained results are compared to those obtained by others. Good agreement is observed between the different results.","PeriodicalId":44668,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Tribology","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2013-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/212568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64392555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Jones, Huan Tang, Y. Hsia, Xiaoping Yan, J. Kiely, Junwei Huang, C. Platt, Xiaoding Ma, M. Stirniman, Lang Dinh
{"title":"Atomistic Frictional Properties of the C(100)2x1-H Surface","authors":"P. Jones, Huan Tang, Y. Hsia, Xiaoping Yan, J. Kiely, Junwei Huang, C. Platt, Xiaoding Ma, M. Stirniman, Lang Dinh","doi":"10.1155/2013/850473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/850473","url":null,"abstract":"Density functional theory- (DFT-) based ab initio calculations were used to investigate the surface-to-surface interaction and frictional behavior of two hydrogenated C(100) dimer surfaces. A monolayer of hydrogen atoms was applied to the fully relaxed C(100)2x1 surface having rows of C=C dimers with a bond length of 1.39 A. The obtained C(100)2x1-H surfaces (C–H bond length 1.15 A) were placed in a large vacuum space and translated toward each other. A cohesive state at a surface separation of 4.32 A that is stabilized by approximately 0.42 eV was observed. An increase in the charge separation in the surface dimer was calculated at this separation having a 0.04 e transfer from the hydrogen atom to the carbon atom. The Mayer bond orders were calculated for the C–C and C–H bonds and were found to be 0.962 and 0.947, respectively. σ C–H bonds did not change substantially from the fully separated state. A significant decrease in the electron density difference between the hydrogen atoms on opposite surfaces was seen and assigned to the effects of Pauli repulsion. The surfaces were translated relative to each other in the (100) plane, and the friction force was obtained as a function of slab spacing, which yielded a 0.157 coefficient of friction.","PeriodicalId":44668,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Tribology","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2013-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/850473","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64286483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Determination of Cutting Power for Turning and Material Removal Rate for Drilling of AA 6061-T6 Using Vegetable Oils as Cutting Fluid","authors":"Y. Shashidhara, S. R. Jayaram","doi":"10.1155/2013/362931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/362931","url":null,"abstract":"The raw and modified versions of two nonedible vegetable oils, Pongam (Pogammia pinnata) and Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), and a commercially available branded mineral oil are used as straight cutting fluids for turning AA 6061 to assess cutting forces. Minimum quantity lubrication is utilized for the supply of cutting fluids. Cutting and thrust forces are measured. Cutting power is determined for various cutting speeds, depths of cut, and feed rates. Also, drilling is performed on the material to understand the material removal rate (MRR) under these oils. The performances of vegetable oils are compared to mineral oil. A noticeable reduction in cutting forces is observed under the Jatropha family of oils compared to mineral oil. Further, better material removal rate is seen under both the vegetable oils and their versions compared to under petroleum oil for the range of thrust forces.","PeriodicalId":44668,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Tribology","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/362931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64410470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dry Sliding Friction and Wear Studies of Fly Ash Reinforced AA-6351 Metal Matrix Composites","authors":"M. Uthayakumar, S. T. Kumaran, S. Aravindan","doi":"10.1155/2013/365602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/365602","url":null,"abstract":"Fly ash particles are potentially used in metal matrix composites due to their low cost, low density, and availability in large quantities as waste by-products in thermal power plants. This study describes multifactor-based experiments that were applied to research and investigation on dry sliding wear system of stir-cast aluminum alloy 6351 with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% fly ash reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs). The effects of parameters such as load, sliding speed, and percentage of fly ash on the sliding wear, specific wear rate, and friction coefficient were analyzed using Grey relational analysis on a pin-on-disc machine. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also employed to investigate which design parameters significantly affect the wear behavior of the composite. The results showed that the applied load exerted the greatest effect on the dry sliding wear followed by the sliding velocity.","PeriodicalId":44668,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Tribology","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/365602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64410748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lubrication Regimes in High-Performance Polymer Spur Gears","authors":"K. Dearn, Thomas Hoskins, L. Andrei, D. Walton","doi":"10.1155/2013/987251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/987251","url":null,"abstract":"Little has been published on the behaviour of polymer gears operating under lubricated conditions. An experimental and analytical programme was undertaken to classify the regimes of EHL under which polymer spur gears operate. In doing so theoretical film thicknesses were calculated and then used to classify the regime according to Johnson's Map. The effects of lubrication on the operating efficiencies of high-performance polymer gears were interpreted and from these results coefficients of friction were derived. In addition to this the effect of tooth geometry was investigated and the beneficial influence of high-pressure angle tooth geometry is demonstrated. At loads typically associated with polymer gears the operating regime is shown to be mixed film lubrication. When high-pressure angle gears were tested at high loads the operating regime became full film lubrication and relatively little tooth flank damage occurred.","PeriodicalId":44668,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Tribology","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/987251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64343048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Itoh, Y. Hamamoto, Koki Ishii, K. Fukuzawa, Hedong Zhang
{"title":"Nanorheometry of Molecularly Thin Liquid Lubricant Films Coated on Magnetic Disks","authors":"S. Itoh, Y. Hamamoto, Koki Ishii, K. Fukuzawa, Hedong Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2012/209630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/209630","url":null,"abstract":"Molecularly thin lubricant films are used for the lubrication of head disk interfaces in hard disk drives. The film thickness is reduced to 1-2 nm to minimize the magnetic spacing, and optimal, precise design is required to obtain sufficient lubrication. However, until now, there was no generally applicable method for investigating such thin films. Therefore, we developed a highly sensitive shear force measuring method and have applied it to the viscoelastic measurement of lubricant films coated on magnetic disk surfaces. In this paper, we review the method and summarize the useful findings we have demonstrated so far.","PeriodicalId":44668,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Tribology","volume":"2012 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/209630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64302818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dependence of Pin Surface Roughness for Friction Forces of Ultrathin Perfluoropolyether Lubricant Film on Magnetic Disks by Pin-on-Disk Test","authors":"H. Tani, Y. Mitsuya, T. Kitagawa, N. Tagawa","doi":"10.1155/2012/923818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/923818","url":null,"abstract":"We fabricated supersmooth probes for use in pin-on-disk sliding tests by applying gas cluster ion beam irradiation to glass convex lenses. In the fabrication process, various changes were made to the irradiation conditions; these included one-step irradiation of Ar clusters or two-step irradiation of Ar and N2 clusters, with or without Ar cluster-assisted tough carbon deposition prior to N2 irradiation, and the application of various ion doses onto the surface. We successfully obtained probes with a centerline averaged surface roughness that ranged widely from 1.08 to 4.30 nm. Using these probes, we measured the friction forces exerted on magnetic disks coated with a molecularly thin lubricant film. Perfluoropolyether lubricant films with different numbers of hydroxyl end groups were compared, and our results indicated that the friction force increases as the surface roughness of the pin decreases and that increases as the number of hydroxyl end groups increases.","PeriodicalId":44668,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Tribology","volume":"2012 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/923818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64367608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fallqvist, R. M'Saoubi, J. Andersson, M. Olsson
{"title":"Mechanical and Tribological Properties of PVD-Coated Cemented Carbide as Evaluated by a New Multipass Scratch-Testing Method","authors":"M. Fallqvist, R. M'Saoubi, J. Andersson, M. Olsson","doi":"10.1155/2012/305209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/305209","url":null,"abstract":"A new test method based on multipass scratch testing has been developed for evaluating the mechanical and tribological properties of thin, hard coatings. The proposed test method uses a pin-on-disc tribometer and during testing a Rockwell C diamond stylus is used as the “pin” and loaded against the rotating coated sample. The influence of normal load on the number of cycles to coating damage is investigated and the resulting coating damage mechanisms are evaluated by posttest scanning electron microscopy. The present study presents the test method by evaluating the performance of Ti0.86Si0.14N, Ti0.34Al0.66N, and (Al0.7Cr0.3)2O3 coatings deposited by cathodic arc evaporation on cemented carbide inserts. The results show that the test method is quick, simple, and reproducible and can preferably be used to obtain relevant data concerning the fatigue, wear, chipping, and spalling characteristics of different coating-substrate composites. The test method can be used as a virtually nondestructive test and, for example, be used to evaluate the fatigue and wear resistance as well as the cohesive and adhesive interfacial strength of coated cemented carbide inserts prior to cutting tests.","PeriodicalId":44668,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Tribology","volume":"2012 1","pages":"305209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/305209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64311482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-Newtonian Effects on the Squeeze Film Characteristics between a Sphere and a Flat Plate: Rabinowitsch Model","authors":"U. P. Singh, R. S. Gupta","doi":"10.1155/2012/571036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/571036","url":null,"abstract":"The use of additives (polyisobutylene, ethylene-propylene, lithium hydroxy stearate, hydrophobic silica, etc.) changes lubricants’ rheology due to which they show pseudoplastic and dilatant nature, which can be modelled as cubic stress fluid model (Rabinowitsch fluid model). The present theoretical analysis investigates the effects of non-Newtonian pseudoplastic and dilatant lubricants on the squeezing characteristics of a sphere and a flat plate. The modified Reynolds equation has been derived and an asymptotic solution for film pressure is obtained. The results for the film pressure distribution, load carrying capacity, and squeezing time characteristics have been calculated for various values of pseudoplastic parameter and compared with the Newtonian results. These characteristics show a significant variation with the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic and dilatant behavior of the fluids.","PeriodicalId":44668,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Tribology","volume":"2012 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/571036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64333771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}