War in History最新文献

{"title":"Book Review: Sheer Misery: Soldiers in Battle in WWII by Mary Louise Roberts","authors":"A. Allport","doi":"10.1177/09683445221142270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221142270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44606,"journal":{"name":"War in History","volume":"30 1","pages":"86 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46573608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Brutal War: Jungle Fighting in Papua New Guinea, 1942 by James Jay Carafano","authors":"K. James","doi":"10.1177/09683445221142270b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221142270b","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44606,"journal":{"name":"War in History","volume":"30 1","pages":"89 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65237817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Postcolonial Security: Britain, France & West Africa’s Cold War by Marco Wyss","authors":"G. Hughes","doi":"10.1177/09683445221142270d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221142270d","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44606,"journal":{"name":"War in History","volume":"30 1","pages":"92 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46475711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enslaved by the Uniform: Contemporary Descriptions of Eighteenth-Century Soldiering.","authors":"Jennine Hurl-Eamon","doi":"10.1177/09683445221105258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221105258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A wide variety of eighteenth-century authors made comparisons to soldiering and slavery in newspapers, pamphlets and books. The analogy tended to be applied to highlight the lack of personal autonomy and inadequate wages of army service, as well as its harsh punishment and lifetime enlistment periods. While some commentators championed soldiers' rights to better treatment, many had other agendas in mind. It was particularly prominent in anti-abolitionist propaganda, for example. Regardless of their intentions, civilians' soldier-as-slave rhetoric took a toll on the actual men in uniform. The few rank-and-file writers to acknowledge it suggest that the metaphor shamed and humiliated them.</p>","PeriodicalId":44606,"journal":{"name":"War in History","volume":"30 1","pages":"3-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/59/10.1177_09683445221105258.PMC9929689.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10773188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: When France Fell. The Vichy Crisis and the Fate of the Anglo-American Alliance by Michael S. Neiberg","authors":"D. Porch","doi":"10.1177/09683445221142270a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221142270a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44606,"journal":{"name":"War in History","volume":"30 1","pages":"87 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43262127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: The Virtuous Wehrmacht: Crafting the Myth of the German Soldier on the Eastern Front, 1941–1944 by David A. Harrisville","authors":"Brian E. Crim","doi":"10.1177/09683445221142270c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221142270c","url":null,"abstract":"seen from Washington, London, and Tokyo, rather than Port Moresby or Rabaul. This focus may be helpful for those new to the theatre, however Carafano’s emphasis on context means that readers are 100 pages into the book before there is any discussion of the first shots fired in combat in Papua. Rather than a detailed narrative, Carafano provides a series of vignettes relating to the campaign. The battles for Kokoda and Isurava in July and August are highlighted, as is an overly positive account of Lieutenant General Robert Eichelberger and US forces at Buna in December. These actions bookend the campaign, but much happened in between. Despite the work’s title, there is surprisingly little serious discussion of the brutality or nature of the war in Papua and New Guinea. Readers interested in soldiers’ experiences, tactics and operations, logistics, and the nuances of the Australian–American alliance should consult Peter Brune’s A Bastard of a Place: the Australians in Papua (2003); John C. McManus’s Fire and Fortitude: the US Army in the Pacific War, 1941–1943 (2019); and Peter J. Dean’s MacArthur’s Coalition: US and Australian Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, 1942–1945 (2018) for further detail. Carafano does well to draw on English translations of Japanese source material and publications, and avoids representing the Japanese as an anonymous enemy or repeating simplistic wartime stereotypes. The work’s greatest strength, however, is Carafano’s chapter on the vital contribution of the peoples of Papua, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands to the Allies. Often ignored or represented patronisingly as ‘Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels’ (p. 125), Papuans and New Guineas acted as guides, carriers, labourers, and armed combatants for the Allies (and, at times, the Japanese). Their villages were occupied during the war, communities were relocated, and many – particularly women, children, and the elderly – became displaced refugees. Another point well addressed by Carafano is the theme of war remembrance through (predominantly American) popular culture. ‘Veterans of the Southwest Pacific’, Carafano argues, ‘were perhaps the most frustrated of all, feeling they never got their fair share of attention’. The ‘protracted land campaigns in the Pacific, such as the remote operations in Papua New Guinea, seemed obscure’ when compared to the dominance of the war in Europe (p. 244). He considers representations of the Pacific War through the writing of official histories, soldier memoirs, cinema, and other publications. Brutal War provides a useful introduction to the Second World War in the Southwest Pacific, reminding readers that there was more to the global conflict than Nazis and D-Day.","PeriodicalId":44606,"journal":{"name":"War in History","volume":"20 1","pages":"90 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41261586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Italy in the Era of Total War","authors":"C. Esdaile","doi":"10.1177/09683445221145291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221145291","url":null,"abstract":"For many years English-language coverage of Italy’s experience of the First and Second World Wars was scarcely superabundant. On the first of these conflicts, for example, until little more than a decade ago the historiography was limited to little more than Cyril Falls’ dated 1965 battle study, Caporetto, and Mark Thompson’s much more detailed but still narrowly military The White War: Life and Death on the Italian Front, 1914–1917 (2008). Over the course of the past 10 years, however, two remarkable British historians, John Gooch – a tutor of this reviewer during the latter’s undergraduate career to whom this essay is respectfully dedicated – and Vanda Wilcox, have set the record straight by publishing no fewer than five monographs that cover the whole gamut of war and society in both liberal and fascist Italy. The intention of this review article is to discuss all of them at once so as to highlight, or so it is hoped, the common themes that bind them together. Let us begin with The Italian Army in the First World War. In this work, Gooch offers a concise narrative history of the bloody battles that raged along Italy’s north-eastern frontiers from 1915 to 1917, and in this respect alone it is a useful place to start, not least because it soon becomes clear that the oft-published photographs of Italian and Austro-Hungarian troops manning lonely outposts on lofty Alpine summits are deeply unrepresentative, the vast majority of the fighting taking place on terrain that, if still rugged, was both at an infinitely lower altitude and far more accessible. That said, the Review Article","PeriodicalId":44606,"journal":{"name":"War in History","volume":"30 1","pages":"80 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45361214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Rational Fog: Science and Technology in Modern War by M. Susan Lindee","authors":"Sean L. Malloy","doi":"10.1177/09683445221142270e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221142270e","url":null,"abstract":"Charles de Gaulle – wanted French troops on Ivorian soil after independence in order to preserve his rule, minimise spending on his own military, and to focus on internal development (p. 190). Furthermore, the increasingly dictatorial nature of his regime provided a contrast with the more pluralist and democratic politics of Nigeria, at least up until the coup which led to Balewa’s assassination on 15 January 1966 (p. 1). Wyss convincingly argues that these contrasting Nigerian and Ivorian perspectives dovetailed with the priorities of their former overlords. The British were frustrated and disappointed with the collapse of the Defence Agreement with Lagos, but viewed relations with Nigeria through a Cold War lens, concluding that the military price paid – for example, with the April 1963 agreement that gave the Federal Republic of Germany the main role in creating the Nigerian Air Force (pp. 182–183) – was counterbalanced by its strategic benefits. Nigeria may have rejected a formal defence partnership with Britain, but it was at least still broadly pro-Western in orientation, and did not want military assistance from the Soviet bloc. In contrast, the French were determined to maintain a privileged neo-colonialist position over their former African territories, and in Cote d’Ivoire they acted decisively to exclude the USA and Israel from encroaching on training and equipping the Ivorian armed and security forces (pp. 206–209, 260–263). For his part, although Houphouet-Boigny used the threat of external aid to encourage concessions from Paris, notably the permanent stationing of troops at Port-Bouet, he had no intention of abandoning defence ties with France. Wyss’ research, therefore, portrays a fascinating and convincing picture of the complex ties between the recently independent states and the former colonisers, showing that the former were able to bargain with and also gain concessions from the latter, and, in the case of Nigeria, were able to broaden their defence ties with third parties. The Ivorians and Nigerians also emerge in this book as active strategists, conscious of their strengths and weaknesses in their relations with their former rulers, wary (if not paranoid) about potential rivals and threats of subversion (the reviewer was surprised to learn that Nigeria and Cote d’Ivoire came close to launching a military intervention in Togo after the assassination of President Sylvanus Olympio on 13 January 1963), and also adept in both bilateral and multilateral diplomacy. The author’s findings are firmly based on an impressive research effort incorporating British, French, the United States, German, Nigerian, Ghanaian, and Ivorian archives. Postcolonial Security represents a major contribution to the fields of imperial, African, and Cold War history, and is strongly recommended to scholars in these respective fields.","PeriodicalId":44606,"journal":{"name":"War in History","volume":"30 1","pages":"93 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42825634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absence, Agency and Empire: Desertion from the French Army During the First World War","authors":"C. Eldridge","doi":"10.1177/09683445221133046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221133046","url":null,"abstract":"An estimated 66,678 men deserted from the French Army between 1914 and 1918. Using conseil de guerre (military tribunal) evidence, including interviews with captured deserters, this article shifts the scholarly focus on desertion from quantitative to qualitative data. This methodological move centres the experiences and voices of individual, often marginalised soldiers and demonstrates how desertion enabled otherwise constrained combatants to exercise agency, both when deserting and during the military justice process. Focusing on colonial citizens and subjects mobilised from North Africa, the article draws empire into scholarly conversations surrounding military justice to enhance understanding of France's multi-ethnic army and the specific imperial dimensions of desertion during the First World War.","PeriodicalId":44606,"journal":{"name":"War in History","volume":"30 1","pages":"277 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42947920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘First Essentials of Survival’: Ensuring the Support and Compliance of Civilians in the Guerrilla Conflict with Japan on Panay, 1942–1945","authors":"Kelly Maddox","doi":"10.1177/09683445221136183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221136183","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a detailed examination of the strategies employed by the resistance leadership in Panay to mobilize and, if necessary, coerce civilians into supporting them in their guerrilla conflict with Japan. It argues that their ability to adapt and, thereby, continually ensure the support and compliance of the civilian population were as important, if not more so, to their overall success than strictly military accomplishments. The primary aim of this article is to bring the importance of civilians into focus and deepen our historical understanding of a much-understudied and understated aspect of resistance to Japanese occupation in the Philippines.","PeriodicalId":44606,"journal":{"name":"War in History","volume":"30 1","pages":"300 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41571393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}