Tire Science and Technology最新文献

Influence of Tire-Enveloping Model Complexity on High-Frequency Simulations 轮胎成型模型复杂性对高频模拟的影响

IF 0.8

Tire Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.2346/tst-22-014

Girish Radhakrishnan, Zakariás Erősdi, Claude Rouelle

{"title":"Influence of Tire-Enveloping Model Complexity on High-Frequency Simulations","authors":"Girish Radhakrishnan, Zakariás Erősdi, Claude Rouelle","doi":"10.2346/tst-22-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/tst-22-014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Race tires are subject to high speeds and high vertical loads during cornering. They are also subject to extreme stress when they are driven over high-frequency and low-amplitude curbs, often leading to tire failures.\u0000 Research and development by D. C. Davis and P. W. A. Zegelaar has shown that when the tire moves over high-frequency, low-amplitude, and short-wavelength obstacles, it exhibits obstacle-enveloping properties. Tire response over such obstacles includes vertical force variation, longitudinal force variation, and rotational speed variation. Additionally, such road inputs excite tire belt dynamics that include high-frequency modes. Therefore, a single-contact-point model is no longer sufficient to predict tire response over such obstacles.\u0000 To better capture the tire obstacle-enveloping behavior, advanced contact patch models such as the tandem-cam model by P. W. A. Zegelaar, the radial–interradial spring model by J. M. Badalmenti and G. R. Davis Jr., and the flexible ring model by S. Gong have been developed. To capture high-frequency tire belt dynamics, the rigid-ring model has been developed by P. W. A. Zegelaar. Previous work combines the rigid-ring model with the tandem-cam model to capture obstacle-enveloping behavior and tire belt dynamics up to 60–100 Hz.\u0000 This paper presents a comparative study of different tire–road contact models to simulate high-frequency curbs typically found at racetracks. The curb profile of the Singes corner at the Paul Ricard racetrack is chosen for simulations as it is known to be extremely demanding on the tires, often causing failures. An advanced four-wheel model is used to simulate a race car at high speeds. Metrics to quantify the tire response over these high-frequency curbs are created and an investigation is conducted to quantify the influence of tire model complexity on the metrics.","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of Penetration Depth and Excited Volume of Rubber in Klüppel Friction Theory from Friction Law 根据摩擦定律确定克吕佩尔摩擦理论中橡胶的穿透深度和激发体积

IF 0.8

Tire Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.2346/507469

Aban Tom Isaiah, K. Ramarathnam

{"title":"Determination of Penetration Depth and Excited Volume of Rubber in Klüppel Friction Theory from Friction Law","authors":"Aban Tom Isaiah, K. Ramarathnam","doi":"10.2346/507469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/507469","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article aims to determine the excited volume and penetration depth in the theoretical friction model of rubber sliding on a corundum surface. The theoretical procedure of the Klüppel friction theory was implemented using the power spectral density of the corundum surface and viscoelastic model for rubber. The power spectral density was obtained with a power-law mode using the height difference correlation function parameters calculated from a surface measurement taken with a profilometer. Viscoelastic model parameters for the rubber were derived from a dynamic mechanical analyzer. Empirical law for friction coefficient obtained from the side force experiments and simulations of a laboratory abrasion tester (LAT 100) were used in this work. The friction coefficient from the theoretical procedure was matched with the empirical friction coefficient to estimate the penetration depth and excited volume of rubber. The correlation between the theoretical and empirical model was satisfactory. Estimating the penetration depth and excited volume of sliding rubber provides an insight into the contact conditions near surface asperities and the volume of rubber contributing to energy dissipation during the frictional process.","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of Penetration Depth and Excited Volume of Rubber in Klüppel Friction Theory from Friction Law 根据摩擦定律确定克吕佩尔摩擦理论中橡胶的穿透深度和激发体积

IF 0.8

Tire Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.2346/507469

Aban Tom Isaiah, K. Ramarathnam

{"title":"Determination of Penetration Depth and Excited Volume of Rubber in Klüppel Friction Theory from Friction Law","authors":"Aban Tom Isaiah, K. Ramarathnam","doi":"10.2346/507469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/507469","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article aims to determine the excited volume and penetration depth in the theoretical friction model of rubber sliding on a corundum surface. The theoretical procedure of the Klüppel friction theory was implemented using the power spectral density of the corundum surface and viscoelastic model for rubber. The power spectral density was obtained with a power-law mode using the height difference correlation function parameters calculated from a surface measurement taken with a profilometer. Viscoelastic model parameters for the rubber were derived from a dynamic mechanical analyzer. Empirical law for friction coefficient obtained from the side force experiments and simulations of a laboratory abrasion tester (LAT 100) were used in this work. The friction coefficient from the theoretical procedure was matched with the empirical friction coefficient to estimate the penetration depth and excited volume of rubber. The correlation between the theoretical and empirical model was satisfactory. Estimating the penetration depth and excited volume of sliding rubber provides an insight into the contact conditions near surface asperities and the volume of rubber contributing to energy dissipation during the frictional process.","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139863859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Target Conflict for Force Transmission in Lateral and Longitudinal Direction of Rotated Tread Block Samples on Different Road Surfaces (Dry, Wet, Snow, and Ice) 不同路面(干、湿、雪、冰)上旋转胎面块样横向和纵向力传递的目标冲突

Tire Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.2346/tst-22-011

Jonas Alexander Heidelberger, Matthias Wangenheim, Klaus Wiese, Burkhard Wies, Christoph Bederna

{"title":"Target Conflict for Force Transmission in Lateral and Longitudinal Direction of Rotated Tread Block Samples on Different Road Surfaces (Dry, Wet, Snow, and Ice)","authors":"Jonas Alexander Heidelberger, Matthias Wangenheim, Klaus Wiese, Burkhard Wies, Christoph Bederna","doi":"10.2346/tst-22-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/tst-22-011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It is known that different weather conditions require a specific design to take into account the main mechanisms acting between the tire tread block and the road surface. When developing all-season tires, additional research is necessary to find the best solution considering various road conditions. This paper analyzes the influence of the inclination angle of tire tread blocks and the tire tread blocks siping design on different surfaces on the friction forces in lateral and longitudinal directions. The tests were conducted on the hybrid test rig Realistic Pattern Testing in Lab at the Institute for Dynamics and Vibration Research of the Leibniz University of Hanover with different single tread blocks. Tire tread blocks with different numbers of sipes were rotated with an angle between 0° to 90° in 15° increments. To simulate different road conditions, artificially produced ice and snow tracks and real road wet and dry asphalt were used. For a better understanding of the mechanisms, high-speed images of the same samples sliding over a wet glass track were taken from below. On the one hand, the measurement results and videos help to understand the influence of the inclination angle of a tread block sample on the friction process and show the different friction mechanisms on different surfaces and resulting forces in the two directions. On the other hand, the results show clear favorites for optimizing performance on individual surfaces.","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling Intrinsic Sources of Nonuniformity and Their Interplay 非均匀性的内在源及其相互作用的建模

Tire Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.2346/144030

V. K. Bedi, M. Mondal, A. Saha, K. V. N. Rao, P. Ghosh, R. Mukhopadhyay

{"title":"Modelling Intrinsic Sources of Nonuniformity and Their Interplay","authors":"V. K. Bedi, M. Mondal, A. Saha, K. V. N. Rao, P. Ghosh, R. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.2346/144030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/144030","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Uniformity characteristics of a tire are a direct reflection of the quality of the manufacturing process that produced it. This is realized in the homogeneity of its different stiffnesses and dimensions around the tire. Evidently, this is the most closely monitored aspect for consistency, from the original equipment manufacturers and manufacturers alike, and the requirement for tighter acceptance criteria is ever-increasing. However, the authors endeavor to find the lowest theoretical level for the same, given the intrinsic sources. The current study attempts to establish a framework to investigate the effect of the most pronounced factors individually, their interplay, and how their combined effect can be minimized. The present work on a 185/65R15 passenger car radial tire attempts to determine the effect of variable pitch sequencing as well as splicing and tread runout for a patterned tire on radial force variation (RFV). The study is carried out using finite element simulation for it presents the opportunity to study the individual effects systemically and economically. The study reveals a nearly 20% of the specification limit can be due to tread pattern sequence while the effect of the overlapping components may vary by 10% of the same limit. The study also suggests spotting arrangements to target and avoid. Finally, the authors present a method, captured in a MATLAB program that benefits the tire designer, plant engineer, and quality control manager.","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement of Contact Patch Pressure Behaviors in High-Speed Dynamic Conditions 高速动态条件下接触贴片压力特性的测量

Tire Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.2346/789802

M. Furlan, M. Strang, M. Gladstone, H. Olsson

引用次数: 0

Generation of SWIFT Models Virtually Using FE Analysis: Application to Cleat Simulations 使用有限元分析生成SWIFT模型:应用于清理模拟

Tire Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.2346/137595

Yaswanth Siramdasu, Gibin Gil

{"title":"Generation of SWIFT Models Virtually Using FE Analysis: Application to Cleat Simulations","authors":"Yaswanth Siramdasu, Gibin Gil","doi":"10.2346/137595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/137595","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Parameterization methods for two “commercial tire models—short wavelength intermediate frequency tire (SWIFT) model and flexible ring tire model—are developed around existing testing protocols. As an example, cleat tests are used for estimating belt mass and stiffness and enveloping tests are used for estimating belt bending and contact stiffness parameters in the respective tire models. This is the only way when commercial tire models are parameterized and used mainly by vehicle original equipment manufacturer companies. At present, tire suppliers are stepping up to supply commercial tire models as a part of virtual tire submissions and are virtually simulating standard testing protocols. It is envisioned that with a proper fundamental understanding of commercial tire model parameters and their modeling approaches to capture the respective tire dynamics, we can develop simple finite element (FE) techniques to estimate respective tire model parameters, thereby avoiding the simulation of cleat and other dynamic tests by using FE. With that motivation, previous work has already shown the estimation of belt mass and bending properties from FE part separation technique. In this work, with a fundamental understanding that the front cam and rear cam models in SWIFT are mathematically modeling the curvature of a loaded tire just outside of the footprint, we show that by fitting the tandem model to the loaded FE model deformed co-ordinates length, height, order of cam, and distance between the cams can be estimated easily. This simple loaded FE model-fitting technique is combined with other computationally simple FE static stiffness, footprint, and modal analyses to estimate other SWIFT parameters. Finally, SWIFT models from the above-mentioned FE techniques are developed for several tire designs and validated against enveloping and dynamic in-plane cleat test data. The variations in enveloping and other ride metrics from simulations are inline with testing data.","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rubber Comprehensive Constitutive Equation and the Prediction of Tire Temperature and Rolling Resistance 橡胶综合本构方程及轮胎温度和滚动阻力预测

Tire Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.2346/tst-21-012

Mahmoud Assaad, Tom Ebbott, Bing Jiang, Gert Rebel

引用次数: 0

Predicting Residual Casing Life of a Tire following an Impact Event 预测轮胎撞击后的剩余胎壳寿命

Tire Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.2346/tire.23.22003

Gobi Gobinath, Thomas Ebbott, Shannon Hughes

引用次数: 0

Thermomechanical Modeling of Aircraft Tire–Runway Contact for Transient Maneuvers 飞机瞬态机动时轮胎-跑道接触的热力学建模

IF 0.8

Tire Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.2346/tire.23.22012

S. Kahms, Michael Hindemith, M. Wangenheim

{"title":"Thermomechanical Modeling of Aircraft Tire–Runway Contact for Transient Maneuvers","authors":"S. Kahms, Michael Hindemith, M. Wangenheim","doi":"10.2346/tire.23.22012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/tire.23.22012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aircraft tire is the link between the aircraft and the runway and transmits forces and moments within the contact area. During ground maneuvers, the tire is exposed to a wide range of operating conditions. The tires support the weight of the aircraft, they ensure safe rolling during taxiing, and they transfer the required forces to the runway during takeoff and landing. Temperature development during these maneuvers is of great importance because temperature can affect both material stiffness and friction behavior as well as wear characteristics. Heat is generated inside the tire due to energy dissipation caused by the cyclic loading of the tire during rolling. In addition, heat is generated due to friction in the tire–runway contact. Experimental measurements of the temperature distribution in the entire tire are not yet possible. The tire temperatures can only be determined at selected critical spots. Simulation models can help to obtain a better understanding of the overall tire temperature distribution during transient maneuvers. In this work, the transient thermomechanical processes of a rolling aircraft tire, e.g., directly following the touchdown process or during taxiing, are modeled based on a simple physical tire model. An extended brush model is used to simulate the contact forces. The tire temperature is determined via the transient heat conduction equation in radial and circumferential directions. The mechanical and thermal models are coupled via the coefficient of friction and the sliding velocities in contact. The free model parameters are parameterized using experimental data, and the overall model is validated by measurements on the whole tire. The validated thermomechanical tire model is used for simulations or the analysis of different driving maneuvers to get a better understanding of the temperature development in the aircraft tire.","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44965803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0