N. Heshmatifar, Leila Moayed, S. Moradi, Sedighe Rastagi, F. Borzoee
{"title":"The Prevalence and Factors Associated With Self-medication in the Prevention of Covid-19 in Elderly in 2020","authors":"N. Heshmatifar, Leila Moayed, S. Moradi, Sedighe Rastagi, F. Borzoee","doi":"10.32598/SIJA.16.1.2983.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/SIJA.16.1.2983.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis and health outcomes are among the major human social events of the 21st century. The unknown nature of the disease and the fear of contagion have caused emotional reactions, including the self-consumption of drugs in the elderly. Therefore, this study investigated factors affecting the self-consumption of drugs for COVID-19 prevention in the elderly. Methods & Materials: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed on 342 elderly in Sabzevar City, Iran, in 2020. The research units were selected as clusters from 16 health centers. The necessary data were collected by an online self-medication questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. Results: The Mean±SD age of the study participants was 66.2±5.67 years. The frequency of self-medication to prevent COVID-19 was 190(55.5%); analgesics, vitamins, anti-cold, and antibiotics were the most common drugs used. The major factors associated with self-medication in the COVID-19 pandemic were disease prevention, home quarantine, financial problems, experiencing previous self-medication, and others’ advice. There was a significant relationship between self-medication and education and insurance coverage. No significant relationship was observed between gender, occupation, and marital status, and self-medication. Conclusion: Self-Medication in the COVID-19 epidemic is notable as a crisis threatening the elderly’s health. Controlling and monitoring how the drug is used is among the requirements for protection and health promotion in the elderly.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87980837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Akhavizadegan, Mahmood Aghaziarati, Mohammad Qasem Roshanfekr Balalami, Zahra Arman Boroujeny, F. Taghizadeh, Isa Akbarzadeh Arab, M. Janani
{"title":"Relationship Between Comorbidity, Chronic Diseases, ICU Hospitalization, and Death Rate in the Elderly With Coronavirus Infection","authors":"H. Akhavizadegan, Mahmood Aghaziarati, Mohammad Qasem Roshanfekr Balalami, Zahra Arman Boroujeny, F. Taghizadeh, Isa Akbarzadeh Arab, M. Janani","doi":"10.32598/SIJA.16.1.3161.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/SIJA.16.1.3161.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The association of comorbidity diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension with the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been repeatedly assessed. However, less research has specifically addressed the elderly. This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics and evaluate the relationship between comorbidities, and the rates of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 in the elderly. Methods & Materials: This retrospective study was conducted in elderly patients with COVID-19 admitted to Baharloo Hospital. Demographic information, types of underlying diseases, and need for hospitalization in the ICU or death in hospital among the hospitalized patients from March 2020 to July 2020 was extracted from the COVID-19 hospital database. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR), as a separate measure of the association between the research variables’ outcomes (death & hospitalization outcomes in the ICU). Results: A total of 522 elderly patients were included in the study. Approximately 77% (n=422) of the elderly survived and 23% (n=100) died. The study participants’ mean±SD age was 72.55±8.44 years. besides, and about 54%(n=281) were males. Logistic regression model results suggested that the odds of death in the study participants with ≥2 underlying diseases equaled 1.69 (OR=1.69, 95%CI: 0.97-2.91, P=0.04). Moreover, the odds of ICU hospitalization in them was 2.26 (OR=2.26, 95%CI: 1.34-3.81, P=0.002) time higher than their counterparts who did not have underlying diseases, i.e., statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results are expected to impact preventive interventions and take a more targeted approach to prioritize older patients with risk factors, rather than adopting calendar age policies as a general indicator for risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86531183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence of Depression and its Related Factors during the COVID-19 Quarantine Among the Elderly in Iran","authors":"فاطمه حسینی مقدم, معصومه امیری دلوئی, لیلا صادق مقدم, فاطمه کاملی, مریم مرادی, نسیم خواجویان, رضا قربانی نوقابی, عطا جلاری","doi":"10.32598/SIJA.16.1.2850.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/SIJA.16.1.2850.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to its rapid transmission has created an emergency situation in global health in less than a few months around the world. This disease not only causes public health concerns but also causes a number of psychological illnesses including depression. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 quarantine among the elderly in Iran. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 432 eligible older adults living in Gonabad city who were selected by cluster random sampling method. Data were collected by a demographic checklist and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) which were completed via phone. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics, considering a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The prevalence of depression was 55.8% which had a statistically significant relationship with marital status (P<0.001), living status (P<0.001), economic status (P<0.001), family history of depression (P<0.001), history of chronic disease (P<0.003), level of education (P<0.001), and sleep quality (P<0.001). Conclusion: Depression has a high prevalence among the elderly in Gonabad city during the COVID-19 quarantine. In this regard, related interventions for this group should be considered in the plans of health care providers.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76645689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahab Papi, N. Zanjari, Z. Karimi, Seied Vahid Motamedi, R. Fadayevatan
{"title":"The Role of Health-promoting Lifestyle in Predicting Cognitive Status of Older Clergymen","authors":"Shahab Papi, N. Zanjari, Z. Karimi, Seied Vahid Motamedi, R. Fadayevatan","doi":"10.32598/SIJA.15.4.1393.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/SIJA.15.4.1393.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Healthy lifestyle along with spirituality affect the physical and mental health of older adults. Regarding the older clergymen’s experience of spiritual life, this study aims to evaluate the role of health-promoting lifestyle in predicting cognitive status of older clergymen. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 older clergymen living in Qom, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method and based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II and Mini-Mental State Exam were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS V. 22 software using descriptive and inferential statistics (Correlation test, linear regression analysis, independent t-test, and ANOVA). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 70.55±6.86. There was a significant positive relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and cognitive status (r= 0.295, P= 0.001). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the dimensions of health responsibility and nutrition along with employment status explained almost 14% of the variance in cognitive status. Conclusion: it is necessary to pay more attention to nutrition and health responsibility in health-promoting interventions of older clergymen. Further studies with a qualitative approach are recommended to understand the mechanism of the effect of spirituality on health of older clergymen.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73462354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habibeh Sutodan Hagh, H. Rezaeipandari, S. Mousavi, H. Allahverdipour
{"title":"Prevalence and Gender Differences of Elder Abuse among Community-dwelling Older Adults in Tabriz, Iran","authors":"Habibeh Sutodan Hagh, H. Rezaeipandari, S. Mousavi, H. Allahverdipour","doi":"10.32598/SIJA.15.4.1124.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/SIJA.15.4.1124.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Elder abuse is a phenomenon that has become more apparent with the increase in aging population, but there are insufficient evidences about the prevalence of elder abuse and gender differences in this area. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of elder abuse and its gender differences among community-dwelling older adults in Tabriz, Iran. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 414 older adults aged ≥60 years were recruited from health complexes and centers in Tabriz, Iran in 2018 by using random sampling method. Data collection tools were a demographic form and the Domestic Elder Abuse Questionnaire which were completed through interview. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS V. 22 software. Results: It was reported that 52.6% had experienced abuse by family members. Emotional neglect was the most common type of elder abuse (26.6%) followed by financial abuse (17.6%). Physical abuse was the least common type of elder abuse. Except for financial abuse, older women had experienced more abuse than older men. Of those who were abused, only 31.7% recognized it as elder abuse. Conclusion: Most of older adults experience emotional neglect and financial abuse from family members and perceive them as their normal behaviors. Older women experience more abuse than older men. It is necessary to prevent elder abuse and familiarize older adults with different types of elder abuse.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86688487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychosocial Issues of Retirement in Iran: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Zohreh Alavi, Fardin Alipouri, H. Rafiey","doi":"10.32598/SIJA.15.4.2879.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/SIJA.15.4.2879.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Retirement is a potentially challenging event in old age that has different effects on older people’s lives. This study aims to identify the psychosocial consequences, barriers, and facilitators of adaption to retirement in Iran. Methods & Materials: In this study, we used conventional content analysis. The samples consisted of 22 people with experience or expertise in the field of retirement, who were selected by maximum diversity and purposeful sampling strategy Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from February 2019 to September 2019. Graneheim and Lundman's approach was used for data analysis. Results: Of 22 participants, 59% were male and 41% were female. Four main categories and 13 sub-categories were extracted covering different psychosocial aspects of adaption to retirement Including: Psychosocial challenges (emotional deprivation, reduced psychological resilience, role loss, social isolation, and family challenges), post-retirement development (developing interests and activities, and feeling of being free), barriers to retirement adaptation (health problems, lack of a retirement plan, and macro-structural deficiencies), and contextual/supportive facilitators (individual characteristics, job characteristics, and social support systems). Conclusion: After retirement, people face psychosocial challenges or opportunities for development. In the meantime, some barriers and facilitators can affect adaption to retirement. Therefore, preparation for retirement is an important issue in the field of gerontology services. Elderly care providers and health professionals can benefit from the finding of this study in their interventions to promote the psychosocial well-being of retirees and their families.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83272218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afsaneh Dadashihaji, Atena Rahimi, S. Hosseini, A. Moghadamnia, Ali Bijani
{"title":"Inappropriate Medication Use and Related Factors in the Elderly Living in Northern Iran","authors":"Afsaneh Dadashihaji, Atena Rahimi, S. Hosseini, A. Moghadamnia, Ali Bijani","doi":"10.32598/SIJA.15.4.1766.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/SIJA.15.4.1766.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Older people are more prone to chronic diseases and are being treated than other age groups; as a result, they use more drugs that may be inappropriate and lead to adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to determine the rate of inappropriate drug use using the Beers criterion among the elderly in Amirkola City. Methods & Materials: The current descriptive-analytical study is part of the comprehensive plan \"Study of the health status of the elderly in the Amirkola City” AHAP\" (No.: 892917) which has been conducted as a Cohort study since 2011 on all people aged 60 and over in the Amirkola City, north of Iran. Necessary information was collected by a trained person using standard questionnaires that included the number, type and duration of drug use. The collected data were analyzed after entering the SPSS statistical software using Chi-square, Fisher's Exact Test, and Logistic Regression to evaluate the status of inappropriate drug. P-value=0.05 was considered as a significant level. Results: The Mean±SD age of the elderly was 69.71±7.47 years. Prevalence of inappropriate drug use and drugs that should use by caution among the elderly was 37.58% and 29.85%, respectively. Glibenclamide (12.7%), Diclofenac (8.8%) and Clidinium C (5.4%) were among the most inappropriate drugs used in this population. The highest drug-drug interaction was related to the simultaneous use of two anticholinergic drugs. There was a statistically significant relationship between inappropriate drug use with gender, age, education level, employment status and marriage status (P<0.05). Conclusion: The rate of inappropriate drug use among the elderly in Amirkola is high compared to many other studies that expose the elderly to adverse drug reactions.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73625595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ghorbani, Raha Salehabadi, N. Mahdavifar, Mostafa Rad
{"title":"Factors Related to Nurses’ Attitudes Toward the Elderly Care: The Predictive Roles of Altruism, Moral Intelligence, Life Satisfaction and General Health","authors":"M. Ghorbani, Raha Salehabadi, N. Mahdavifar, Mostafa Rad","doi":"10.32598/sija.16.2.2767.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.16.2.2767.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Nurses’ attitudes affect their preference for caring for the elderly as well as the quality of care. This study aims to investigate the factors related to nurses’ attitudes toward the elderly care and assess the predictive roles of altruism, moral intelligence, life satisfaction and general health. Methods & Materials: This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 265 nurses working in hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran in 2019. Data were collected using a demographic form, Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale,Lennick and Kiel’s Moral Competency Inventory, Carlo’s revised form of Prosocial Tendencies Measure, Diener’s Satisfaction With Life Scale , and General Health Questionnaire-28 item. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and frequency) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test, linear regression analysis, and independent t-test) in SPSS v. 16 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The Mean±SD age of participants was 33.10±7.17 years. Nurses had a positive attitude toward the elderly care. Their Mean±SD attitude score was 155.39±17.74. There was no significant relationship between nurses’ attitudes and variables of age, gender, marital status, education, work experience, ward, and general health (P>0.05). The multiple regression model showed that the factors of moral intelligence (P=0.01), altruism (P=0.008) and life satisfaction (P=0.03) had a significant relationship with nurses’ attitudes toward the elderly care. Conclusion: Nurses’ attitudes toward the elderly care can be predicted by their moral intelligence, altruism and life satisfaction. Evaluation of these characteristics in nurses who provide services to the elderly can positively affect to their attitudes and prevent phenomena such as age discrimination","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81746746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mozhgan Negarestani, Vahid Rashedi, M. Mohamadzadeh, V. Borhaninejad
{"title":"Psychological Effect of Media Use on Mental Health of Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Mozhgan Negarestani, Vahid Rashedi, M. Mohamadzadeh, V. Borhaninejad","doi":"10.32598/sija.16.1.1116.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.16.1.1116.6","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Low media literacy and exposure to media-produced content during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can affect the health of people in the community. This study aims to investigate the psychological effects of media use on the mental health of community-dwelling older adults. Methods & Materials: In this descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design, 200 elderly people aged ≥60 years participated who were selected from daycare rehabilitation centers and retirement centers in Kerman, Iran in 2020 using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic form (Surveying age, gender, education, occupation, marital status, income, and media use), and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Results: The mean age of participants was 66.60 ± 5.08 years. More than three-quarters of them were following the latest COVID-19 news via media (Local radio and television). Most of them (77.4%) had poor mental health status. Higher educational level (P<0.001), employment (p=0.003), and low frequency of media use (P<0.001) were the protective factors against poor mental health. High-frequency media use was a risk factor for the mental health of older adults during the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion: The mental health of community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic is affected by media use and its frequency. It is recommended that older adults should avoid following the latest COVID-19 news, especially those from unreliable sources. Moreover, media managers should have more control over the news related to the COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84564506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Status of Potentially Inappropriate Medication Prescription by General Physicians for The Elderly in Tabriz (Iran) According to Beers Criteria","authors":"T. Eteraf Oskouei, E. Vatankhah, M. Najafi","doi":"10.32598/sija.16.2.3045.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.16.2.3045.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Prescribing medication for the elderly is an important health issue. This study aimed to investigate the status of Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) prescription for the elderly by general physicians in Tabriz, Iran. Methods & Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on the prescriptions of general physicians for the elderly in Tabriz, Iran. After initial screening of 16842 prescriptions belonged to two insurance systems (social security insurance and health insurance), 1500 prescriptions were selected. The Beers criteria 2019 was used to assess PIM prescription status and their alternatives were suggested if needed. Data were expressed as Mean±Standard Deviation (SD) and No. (%), and analyzed in SPSS v. 21 software. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine the differences in the study factors between the prescriptions related to two insurance systems. The relationship between patients’ age and PIM prescription was examined using Spearman correlation test. Results: The Mean±SD number of drugs in each prescription was 3.93±1.5 and the Mean±SD number of prescribed PIMs was 0.74±0.8. Polypharmacy was observed in 32.6% of the prescriptions, and 53.9% had at least one PIM. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines and benzodiazepines were the most PIM groups (45.6, 10.9 and 10.6%, respectively). The most common prescribed PIMs were Adult cold, Diclofenac, Glibenclamide, Ketorolac and Diphenhydramine. Number of PIMs in each prescription did were not statistically different between the prescriptions related to two insurance systems (P=0.343). Moreover, patients’ age and gender had no significant relationship with PIM prescription (P=0.312 and P=0.660, respectively). Conclusion: About 54% of the prescriptions issued by general physicians for the elderly in Tabriz contain PIMs, and polypharmacy is present in about one third of the prescriptions. In order to improve this condition, it is necessary to hold appropriate training and continuous retraining courses in geriatric medicine for general physicians. Supervisions by the Iranian Ministry of Health and Iranian Medical Council can also play an important role in improving the current situation.","PeriodicalId":44423,"journal":{"name":"Salmand-Iranian Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81098708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}