Infekciâ i Immunitet最新文献

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF TREC AND KREC LEVELS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS WITH VARYING DISEASE SEVERITY","authors":"Мария Alexandrovna Saitgalina, Yulia Vladimirovna Ostankova, Natalia Alexandrovna Arsentieva, Zoya Romanovna Korobova, Natalia Evgenievna Liubimova, Victor Anatolievich Kashchenko, Alexandr Nicolaevich Kulikov, Dmitry Edyardovich Pevtsov, Oksana Vladimirovna Stanevich, Ekaterina Ivanovna Chernykh, Areg Artemovich Totolian","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-aot-16937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-aot-16937","url":null,"abstract":"According to the WHO data, the number of infected people exceeded 765.2 million people during the COVID-19 pandemic,. The severity of patient's condition is determined by immune system hyperactivation. Activation of T- and B-lymphocyte subsets plays a prominent role in the control of infectious process. A content of small circular DNA molecules - T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC - T-cell receptor excision circles) and B-cell (kappa) excision rings (KREC - Kappa-deleting recombination excision circles) - in the peripheral blood can be used as a marker of the functionally active T and B cells maturation. The purpose of this work is to quantify peripheral blood TREC and KREC level in patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 of varying severity. Materials and methods. The material consisted of 1028 blood samples from patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, as well as 717 blood samples from apparently healthy volunteers. The content of TREC and KREC DNA fragments in the total DNA fraction was assessed by quantitative Real-time PCR using the TREC/KREC-AMP PS test system (Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Russia). Blood cell phenotyping was carried out using flow cytometry. Results. TREC/KREC levels were significantly reduced in COVID-19 patients (p0.0001 at 95% CI). A significant direct correlation was established between the levels of peripheral blood TREC molecules and level of CD45+CD3+CD19- T cells (r = 0.59, p 0.0001), as well as between KREC level and count of CD45+CD3-CD19+ B cells (r = 0.66, p 0.0001). The level of TREC molecules in patients with severe vs. moderate infection was significantly reduced in patients aged 30-39 years old (p = 0.0404) and 40-49 years old (p = 0.0356). The negative correlation between severity of COVID-19 clinical manifestations and TREC level in the blood of patients in 30-49 year age group indicates about an opportunity of using this analyte as a diagnostic and prognostic laboratory marker of patients condition. A simple PCR analysis algorithm makes it relevant to use the described method for assessing a state of immunity in coronavirus patients in the context of systemic negative impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on human organism.","PeriodicalId":443955,"journal":{"name":"Infekciâ i Immunitet","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS ASSESSING RATE OF REPARATIVE PROCESSES IN PATIENTS WITH INFILTRATIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS","authors":"Dilyara Esmedlyaeva, Nina Petrovna Alekseeva, Marina Evgenievna Dyakova","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-bma-8034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-bma-8034","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of chemotherapy for infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (ITL) is determined by proper timing and adequacy of treatment. The speed of reparative changes in the pulmonary parenchyma is associated with the effectiveness of therapy. Different classes of proteinases are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. Aim. To evaluate a potential of using the markers of proteinase /inhibitors axis for predicting effectiveness of therapy in patients with ITL due to varying resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to anti-tuberculosis drugs (PTP). Material and methods. A retrospective study included 60 and 55 ITL patients with the drug sensitive (DS) and drug resistance (DR) Mtb strains, respectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to therapy effectiveness. The levels of blood serum matrix metalloproteinase MMP-1, -3, -8, -9 and their TIMP-1 inhibitor, neutrophil elastase (NE), alpha-2 macroplobulin (MG) and proteinase inhibitor (PI) were determined. Statistica 10.0 and R software packages were used. Results. According to the model of discriminant analysis, the pattern of host inflammatory response in ITL was accounted for not only by varying pathogen resistance, but also by the different size of lung damage. Patients with a limited and widespread process with the DS of the pathogen strains were assigned to group I and II, and DR to group III and IV group, respectively. The decisive in the speed of tissue repair was the number of neutrophils bearing various levels of proteinase MMP-8, -9 (I group) or TIMP-1 and PI inhibitors (II group). Only combining biochemical data with the those on radiation methods are possible for prognosis in a group of patients with DR (III and IV). Conclusions. Combinations of the markers of the proteinase /inhibitors axis are informative in assessing a rate of reparative changes in ITL and differ not only depending on the pathogen DS strains, but also from the size of destructed pulmonary parenchyma. Differences in parameter combinations are accounted for by history of a specific disease.","PeriodicalId":443955,"journal":{"name":"Infekciâ i Immunitet","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136037582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OPISTHORCHIASIS-RELATED TOPICAL ISSUES","authors":"Elina Borisovna Ryabenko, Julia Nikolaevna Ryabenko","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-oti-8055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-oti-8055","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes statistical data on the 2020 vs. 2019 opisthorchiasis incidence rate on the territory of the Russian Federation and in foreign countries, provides absolute and intensive morbidity indicators across entire the Russian Federation and specifically in its subjects - republics and regions, general prevalence of helminthiasis, and opisthorchiasis particularly overall pattern of parasitic diseases, as well as contribution of opisthorchiasis to general pattern of biohelminthiasis, its dynamics, and prevalence of relevant causative agent. A comparative analysis for incidence rates in the regions where opisthorchiasis was recorded and mean country-wide statistical parameters was carried out. As a result, it was concluded that despite a decline in the Russia-wide overall parasitic morbidity, an excess of mean indicators, sometimes significant, was noted in some regions. Thus, compared to Russia-wide magnitude of intensive indicator, it was higher by 4-fold in the Komi Republic, whereas in the Kurgan, Vologda, Arkhangelsk Regions and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug by 3-fold.
 The article provides an analysis of the population age groups as well as percentage of opisthorchis-affected urban and rural populations .
 In addition, the special clinical and epidemiological significance of opisthorchiasis remains urgent due to severity of its course, affected various body systems and organs, emergence of serious complications leading to disability, and in some cases to fatal outcomes, the presence of natural foci, most of which are located in the Russian Federation.
 Almost all territories adjacent to the basins of the Ob, Irtysh, Tom rivers and their tributaries pose special concern regarding opisthorchiasis. The data related to prevalence of helminthiasis larvae detected in fish in 2020 and 2019 since 2010 are presented.
 Based on the data shown above, strict adherence to preventive measures plays an important role in reducing opisthorchiasis incidence rate and preventing its spread.","PeriodicalId":443955,"journal":{"name":"Infekciâ i Immunitet","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136182543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HCV DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS IN HIV–INFECTED PATIENTS","authors":"Diana Eduardovna Reingardt, Yulia Vladimirovna Ostankova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Anufrieva, Alexandr Vladimirovich Semenov, Liudmila Vladimirivna Lyalina, Areg A Totolian","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-hdr-16597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-hdr-16597","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of our work was to assess the mutations prevalence in the HCV drug resistance in the NS3, NS5A, NS5B genes in HIVinfected patients.
 Materials and methods. The material of the study was 157 blood plasma samples from HIV patients living in the Leningrad Region, with virological inefficiency of antiretroviral therapy. Samples were examined for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA. In the case of detecting HCV RNA, amplification was carried out using a set of primers co-flanking the NS3, NS5A, and NS5B genes. After sequencing the nucleotide sequences of these genes, the virus subtype was determined and drug resistance mutations were detected.
 
 Results and discussion. The age of the patients varied from 18 to 65 and averaged 34.3 7.27 years. The number of men in the group prevailed compared to women - 71% and 28%, respectively. Antibodies to HCV were detected in 94.2% of HIV-infected persons. HCV RNA was detected in 98 (61.7%) patients. The distribution of HCV genotypes in this group was as follows: 1a 7% (n=7), 1b 53% (n=52), 2 2% (n=2), 3a 38% (n=37). The results of determining the viral load varied from 5.3x103 to 2.3x108 IU/ml. The nucleotide sequence of all three regions NS3, NS5A, NS5B was determined in 73 samples. In the study group, mutations associated with resistance of the hepatitis C virus to direct antiviral drugs in all regions were found in 16.6% of cases (n=26). There are 6 significant amino acid substitutions in the NS3 region, 15 and 10 significant amino acid substitutions in the NS5A and NS5B regions, respectively.","PeriodicalId":443955,"journal":{"name":"Infekciâ i Immunitet","volume":"674 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135922931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMORBIDITIES IN COVID-19 AND CT-SEMIOTICS OF INPATIENTS","authors":"Antonina Viktorovna Titova, Ulyana Konstantinovna Givoyno, Tatiana Petrova Denisova","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-icc-8060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-icc-8060","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In the Russian Federation, registration of individual COVID-19 cases started at the end of January 2020 that markedly increased in the second half of March. At the moment, the situation with COVID-19 is unstable. As of 2023, COVID-19 incidence in descending order is as follows: USA (104,958,987 people), India (44,684,775 people) and France (39,582,057 people). Russia ranked 10th regarding total COVID-19 incidence (22,137,084 people, including 395,727 fatalities).The infection is able to \"overlap\" with the underlying pathology, thereby worsening patient's condition up to death.Lung multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is recommended for all patients with COVID-19. If unavailable, a chest X-ray is performed. Aim. To identify the most frequent comorbid diseases and changes on radiological scan in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods. The study was carried out at the Infectious Disease Department No.1, Regional Public Health Institution \"Clinical Hospital №1\" Smolensk. For this, there were analyzed 69 hospital patient records with basic diagnosis - coronavirus infection. The data of anamnesis and additional instrumental investigations were taken into account. Results. 69 patients aged between 18 and 91 years were included in the study. Respiratory failure was not observed in 75,81% of cases. A group of patients (66,67%) with comorbidities of organs and systems was identified, among which most common were: arterial hypertension (95.65%), coronary heart disease (78.26%), diabetes mellitus (30.43%), grade 1-2 obesity (17.39%), chronic hepatitis (17.39%). Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system were less prevalent. The rate of reported complications is as follows: bilateral polysegmental pneumonia - 72.46%; unilateral polysegmental pneumonia - 2.8%; pleurisy - 4.35%; unilateral hydrothorax - 1.45%. Each of the inpatients underwent radiological examination during hospitalisation. X-ray examination accounted for a smaller proportion (39.13%) and multispiral chest computed tomography (MSCT) for a bigger percentage (60.87%). Chest MSCT at the beginning of inpatient treatment visualized CT-2 stage (64.29%) in the vast majority, less CT-1 (26.19%), least frequently CT-3 (7.14%) and CT-4 (2.38%). Before patient discharge, an average of 12.16% improvement in the radiological picture was found in patients with initial CT-1 stage, 14% - in CT-2, 12% and 26% - in CT-3 and CT-4, respectively. Conclusion. The moderate disease course without respiratory depression prevailed among the patients. Co-morbidities were found mainly in the anamnesis of persons over 50 years old. The most frequent clinical complication of coronavirus infection was bilateral pneumonia. After patient's hospitalization, clinical and instrumental picture gradually improved, which was confirmed by radiological data.","PeriodicalId":443955,"journal":{"name":"Infekciâ i Immunitet","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135922930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEUTRALIZATION REACTION OF PSEUDOVIRUS PARTICLES WITH VIRUS NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AS A BIOANALYTICAL PART OF A CLINICAL TRIAL OF THE SALNAVAC VACCINE","authors":"Evgeniy Vasilyevich Zuev, Sergey Victorovich Kulemzin, Dmitry Alexandrovich Poteryaev, Natalya Alexeevna Litvinova, Oksana Anatolievna Markova, Ilya Alexandrovich Korotkevich, Taisiya Viktorovna Grigiryeva, Ravil Avgatovich Kchamitov","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-vna-8054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-vna-8054","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has been a major challenge for all areas of medical science, causing a surge of new developments in various fields, ranging from diagnostic techniques to therapeutic and preventive options. In a qualitatively innovative approach to vaccination, immunization with an intranasal route of administration is being actively developed. One of the objective parameters for assessing immunological efficacy is the study of the dynamics of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) in the blood of recovered COVID-19 patients or healthy volunteers who received vaccination, which is a non-trivial task, especially when conducting clinical trials that require high standards of bioanalytical technique. Materials and methods: the results of an interim data analysis of a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial of the two-component preparations Salnavac (intranasally) and Gam-COVID-Vac (intramuscularly) use with an assessment of immunogenicity according to VHA and anti-RBD IgG at 21 and 42 are presented. days after the administration of component I. The study included 137 healthy volunteers who recovered from COVID-19 or received vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, with an initial level of anti-RBD IgG not higher than 100 BAU/ml. Results: the VNA bioanalytical technique was successfully validated and used neutralization reaction using pseudoviral particles and HEK293T-hACE2 cell culture. The geometric mean VNA titer (standard deviation, SD) to SARS-CoV-2 on day 42 was 238.34 (3.93) and 616.94 (3.73) in the Salnavac and Gam-COVID-Vac groups, respectively. Given the data on a high level of protection with a VNA titer of more than 100 when using the pseudoviral neutralization method, the results obtained indicate sufficient immunological efficacy of both intramuscular and intranasal vaccines. The geometric mean (SD) of the anti-RBD IgG level on day 42 was 131.22 (3.91) and 782.03 (3.04) in the Salnavac and Gam-COVID-Vak groups, respectively. A direct moderate correlation was shown between VHA and anti-RBD IgG. Conclusion: according to the results of the interim analysis of the data, a lower than that of the intramuscular preparation, but a rather high intensity of humoral immunity after the administration of the intranasal vaccine Salnavac, was shown.","PeriodicalId":443955,"journal":{"name":"Infekciâ i Immunitet","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135922933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS WITH DIARRHEAL SYNDROME IN THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA","authors":"Mariia Aleksandrovna Makarova, Ramatoulaye Balde, Mamadou Yero Boiro, Zoya N. Matveeva, Lidia A. Kaftyreva","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-foi-15633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-foi-15633","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Diarrheal diseases are a global public health issue and cause 15% of deaths in children under 5 years old, of which about 80% occur in the regions of Africa and Southeast Asia. According to the Global Enteric Multicentre Study (GEMS) conducted in a number of African countries, one of the leading pathogens of high risk of death in infants and young children is diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC). In recent decades, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become globally ubiquitous. The Republic of Guinea urgently needs large-scale studies devoted to assessing DEC distribution and antibiotic resistance.
 The purpose of the study is to assess the pattern of E. coli infections and to test the susceptibility to antibiotics in strains of diarrheagenic E. coli sampled from individuals residing in the Republic of Guinea.
 Materials and Methods. From 2019 to 2022, we studied 724 samples of faeces of patients with acute diarrhea, among them 72 (9.9%) children aged 15 years, 128 (17.7%) children aged 617 years, and 524 (72.4%) people aged 18 years and older; a method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied with the use of the AmpliSense Escherichioses-FL reagent kit to identify the genetic determinants of DEC: EPEC, EHEC, ETEC, EIEC, and EAgEC (Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Russia). Susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents was found by the disc-diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar (Russia) and Oxoid discs (UK). Results were interpreted according EUCAST criteria, versions 2019 -2022 (https://www.eucast.org/ast_of_bacteria/previous_versions_of_documents).
 Results. For the period from 2019 to 2022, the percentage of E. coli infections in the etiological pattern of acute intestinal infections amounted to 51.7%. In the age-related manner, DEC was significantly more common in young children aged 05 (96.9%, p0.05) as compared to school age children aged 617 (53.9%) and adults (45.6%). In all years of observation, EAgEC strains prevailed, accounting for 38.4%. Other DEC pathotypes, EPEC, ETEC, EIEC and STEC, accounted for 27.2%, 17.5%, 11.8%, and 5.1%, respectively. DEC strains are susceptible to meropenem, amikacin, and nitrofurantoin. The activity of other antibiotics ranged from 11.3% for ampicillin, 28.3% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 34.0% for tetracycline to 73.6% for cephalosporins, 84.0% for aminoglycosides, and 98.1% for fluorinated quinolones.
 Conclusion. To reduce the burden of diarrheal diseases in the Republic of Guinea, it may be necessary to conduct targeted epidemiological and microbiological studies to identify DEC and monitor the development of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli infection pathogens in the population.","PeriodicalId":443955,"journal":{"name":"Infekciâ i Immunitet","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135922932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MONKEYPOX: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, MANIFESTATIONS, AND OUTCOMES","authors":"SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Amir Masoud Afsahi, Arian Afzalian, Ramin Shahidi, Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh, Sanaz Varshochi, Mohsen Dashti, Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh, Parinaz Paranjkhoo, Ava Pashaei, Sahar Nooralioghli Parikhani, Ahmadreza Shamsabadi, Pourya Pezeshgi, Sepide Ahmadi, Ghazal Arjmand, Mohammad Javaherian, Hooman Ebrahimi, Zohal Parmoon, Amirali Karimi, Esmaeil Mehraeen, Shayesteh Jahanfar","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-mas-15632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-mas-15632","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Since May 2022, an unusually large number of new monkeypox infections-a previously rare viral zoonotic disease, mainly reported from central and western Africa has been reported globally, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency in July 2022. We aimed to systematically review the monkeypox virus epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, presentations, and outcomes.
 Methods: Our aim is to systematically review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, and outcomes of Monkeypox disease. We searched the keywords in the online databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science and investigated all English articles until December 2022. In order to ascertain the findings, this study adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. In order to optimize the quality, this review study benefits from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. To minimize any probable bias risk, we utilized the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) risk assessment tool.
 Results: The most prevalent symptoms were rash and fever. The infection was accompanied by different complications such as, but not limited to, encephalitis (mainly in children), septicemia, bacterial cellulitis, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses, etc. A wide range of hospitalization from 3.7% to 100% has been reported. The mortality rate ranged from 0% to 23%, which mainly occurred in infants and children. High mortality of the monkeypox rate was reported among pregnant women. The mortality rate of monkeypox is lower among women and those who received the smallpox vaccine compared to men and those who did not receive the vaccine. A wide range of the overall second-rate attack was reported, which is more pronounced in unvaccinated patients.
 Conclusion: In our systematic review of 35 studies on monkeypox, we cast light on the existing evidence on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, manifestation, and outcomes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the natural history of the disease in various patients population, as well as detailing the monkeypox attack rate.","PeriodicalId":443955,"journal":{"name":"Infekciâ i Immunitet","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136057854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ALTERATION IN INNATE IMMUNE CUES ASSESSED BY ANALYZING PERIPHERAL BLOOD IMMUNE SYSTEM IN POST-COVID PATIENTS","authors":"Maria Aleksandrovna Dobrynina, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Zurochka, Mariia Vladimirovna Komelkova, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Zurochka, Evgeny Arkadyevich Praskurnichiy, Liana Valentinovna Ryabova, Alexey Petrovich Sarapultsev","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-aii-9641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-aii-9641","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to global morbidity and mortality. Some patients fully recover from COVID-19, whereas around 45% subjects suffer from various persistent symptoms (fatigue, cognitive impairment, impaired thermoregulation, skin diseases, etc.) for at least four months after SARS-CoV-2 infection regardless of disease severity. Such persistent post-infection effects are known as long-COVID, post-acute effects of COVID-19, or post-COVID state.SARS-CoV-2 infection is accompanied by damage to the innate immune system. Considering the role of natural killer cells and the activation of the complement system in COVID-19 as well as the regulatory properties related to CD46 and its potential involvement in cell virus entry, we found necessary to study immune system parameters associated with impairment of these innate immune cues on various leukocyte subpopulations in post-COVID patients.We studied 92 immune system parameters, including: pan-leukocyte markers for gated lymphocytes, phenotyping of T cells, T-helper inducers, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, NK- and TNK-cells, T-regulatory cells/suppressors, B-lymphocytes, including B-memory cells, activated helpers, early activation of lymphocytes, activated T-lymphocytes, and late lymphocyte activation markers. Levels of total IgM, IgG, IgA, specific IgM, IgG to coronavirus COVID-19, C1-inhibitor, C3a, and C5a complement components were measured by enzyme immunoassay using Multiscan FC Thermoscientific enzyme immunoassay analyzer (China) and Vector Best reagent kits (Russia). A complete blood count was conducted to study 25 parameters: leukocyte, erythrocyte, and platelet hematopoietic lineages as well as the quantitative and qualitative composition of hematopoietic lineages.Our study results showed that in some patients, six months after suffering from COVID-19, there was a decrease in the level of NK cells (48%) and CD46+ pan-leukocyte marker cells (64.5%). A decrease in NK cell levels was accompanied by increased level of total T- and B-lymphocytes, and altered platelet and erythroid hematopoietic lineages. In patients with reduced CD46 expression on T-lymphocytes, both their total count and NK cell count were significantly reduced. Our data also suggest that CD46 might be potentially involved in development of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the post-COVID state.Thus, in 50-65% of patients who have experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection, damage to the innate immune system persists after six months being accompanied by impaired erythroid and platelet hematopoietic lineages. The data obtained indicate a need for using immunocorrective therapy in such patients.","PeriodicalId":443955,"journal":{"name":"Infekciâ i Immunitet","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERLEUKIN-1A (IL1A) RS1800857 GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN DEVELOPШТП PULMONARY SARCOIDOSIS IN RESIDENTS OF KARELIA","authors":"Irina Evgenyevna Malysheva, Ludmila Vladimirovna Topchieva, Ella Leonidovna Tikhonovich","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-pso-9635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-pso-9635","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the research problem is justified by insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms for genetic regulation of inflammatory immune response during granuloma formation and arising inflammation in pulmonary sarcoidosis. It is believed that development of inflammatory process and formation of sarcoid granulomas occurs in subjects with genetically determined sensitivity to the effects of an unidentified etiological agent (s). The complexity of determining a causative factor(s) is accounted for by a variety of clinical forms and manifestations of the disease as well as a role for multifaceted immunological events in the pathogenesis of this disease. The process of inflammation, its intensity, may depend, among other issues, on host genetic background. Both enhanced and lowered production of pro-inflammatory factors can be observed in carriers of certain combinations of gene allelic variants. This, in turn, may determine human susceptibility to emergence of pulmonary sarcoidosis as well as alter clinical characteristics of the disease course and magnitude of developing immune inflammatory response. It should also be noted that the genetic background differs in various ethnic groups. Therefore, genetic background and environmental cues, ethnicity, may account for differed disease prevalence and phenotype. In this regard, it is relevant to search for allelic gene variations that could act as prognostic markers for development and progression of pulmonary sarcoidosis as well as characterize the features of its course. The data on the relationship between the carriage of allelic gene variations and susceptibility to pulmonary sarcoidosis as well as the contribution of IL1A rs1800857 polymorphic variant to development, progression, and therapy of the disease remain sparse and often contradictory. The current study assessed a risk of lung sarcoidosis in the subjects of Russian descent of the Republic of Karelia. According to the results of the studies, a significant association (p0.001) between the indicated IL1A gene allelic polymorphism and pulmonary sarcoidosis was established, with a risk of its development increasing by 3.47-fold (95% CI 2.41-5.01) in carriers of the T allele (p0.001). Thus, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1800857 in the IL1A gene is associated with the risk of developing lung sarcoidosis in the subjects of Russian descent of the Republic of Karelia.","PeriodicalId":443955,"journal":{"name":"Infekciâ i Immunitet","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136254135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}