North American Agroforestry最新文献

{"title":"Agroforestry Education and Training","authors":"Hannah L. Hemmelgarn, M. Gold","doi":"10.1002/9780891183785.ch19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780891183785.ch19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443712,"journal":{"name":"North American Agroforestry","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129107029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Farming Practices","authors":"J. Chamberlain, D. Mitchell, T. Brigham, Tom Hobby, L. Zabek, Jeanine M. Davis","doi":"10.2134/2009.NORTHAMERICANAGROFORESTRY.2ED.C9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/2009.NORTHAMERICANAGROFORESTRY.2ED.C9","url":null,"abstract":"Forest farming in North America is becoming popular as a way for landowners to diversify income opportunities, improve management of forest resources, and increase biological diversity. People have been informally \"farming the forests\" for generations. However, in recent years, attention has been directed at formalizing forest farming and improving it through research and development activities. The purpose of this chapter is to present historical and modern perspectives, as well as examples of contemporary practices, to provide the reader an overview of the abundant opportunities in forest farming. Most of the discussion focuses on the southern United States and western Canada (i.e., British Columbia). These are illustrative of the many opportunities that exist, but do not cover other regions of North America (northeastern and southwestern United States, eastern Canada, or Mexico), where there are also examples of dynamic and exciting forest farming. The reader is encouraged to look beyond the examples provided and explore the many forest farming options.","PeriodicalId":443712,"journal":{"name":"North American Agroforestry","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131472671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agroforestry Economics and Policy","authors":"Zhen Cai, L. Godsey, D. Mercer, Robert K Grala, S. Grado, J. Alavalapati","doi":"10.2134/2009.NORTHAMERICANAGROFORESTRY.2ED.C12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/2009.NORTHAMERICANAGROFORESTRY.2ED.C12","url":null,"abstract":"Essentially every living thing on Earth has applied the basic concepts of economics. That is, every living thing has had to use a limited set of resources to meet a minimum set of needs or wants. Although the study of economics is often confused with the study of markets or finance, economics is simply a social science that studies the choices people make. As a social science, economics is the study of human motivations. Or, as Landsburg (1993) put it, \" most of economics can be summarized in four words: 'People respond to incentives'. \" Those incentives reflect the value of the trade-offs made between a limited set of resources and an unlimited set of wants, needs, and desires. It is true that the concepts of money and price are often used as proxy values for economic decisions, but markets don't always reflect the true value of natural resource benefits and prices do not indicate the actual cost of the services provided by natural processes (Sagoff, 2004). Remember the last time you drove through the countryside on a nice autumn day and admired the beautiful colors. How much did you have to pay for this ben-efit? If you paid nothing, does that mean that it has no value? Economics characterize the mental calculus of a decision maker, whether a private landowner or a policymaker. In particular, economic models are abstract representations of the real world useful for hypothesis generation, forecasting, policy analysis, and decision-making (Buongiorno and Gilles, 2003). Alavalapati and Mercer (2004) recently discussed diverse economic models and their applications to agroforestry (Table 12–1). Some are designed to assess simple cost and benefits of outputs and inputs for which markets are fairly established, while others are amenable to a variety of environmental services and damages for which there are no established markets. Furthermore, some methodologies are more appropriate for assessing issues at a farm or household level, and others are applicable at regional and national scales. The goal of this chapter is to present the concepts of economics and explain how it applies to natural resource management decisions so that students with limited backgrounds in economics may still understand the issues faced by decision makers. This chapter discusses many of the tools used by economists to measure and determine how choices are made at both the micro-(individual) and the macro-(aggregate) level. Financial concepts are the basis for many of the …","PeriodicalId":443712,"journal":{"name":"North American Agroforestry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132566611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetative Environmental Buffers for Air Quality Benefits","authors":"Chung-Ho Lin, Eric E. Weber, W. D. Walter, T. Lim, H. Garrett","doi":"10.1002/9780891183785.ch11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780891183785.ch11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443712,"journal":{"name":"North American Agroforestry","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130824331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silvopasture Practices","authors":"G. Pent, J. Fike, Joseph Orefice, S. Sharrow, Dave Brauer, T. Clason","doi":"10.1002/9780891183785.ch6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780891183785.ch6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443712,"journal":{"name":"North American Agroforestry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131355775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agroforestry as an Integrated, Multifunctional Land Use Management Strategy","authors":"S. Jose, H. Garrett, M. Gold, J. Lassoie, L. Buck, D. Current","doi":"10.1002/9780891183785.ch1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780891183785.ch1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443712,"journal":{"name":"North American Agroforestry","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122221499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agroforestry at the Landscape Level","authors":"S. Lovell, G. Bentrup, E. Stanek","doi":"10.1002/9780891183785.ch14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780891183785.ch14","url":null,"abstract":"417 Much of the work on agroforestry in North America has focused on six distinct practices— windbreaks, silvopasture, alley cropping, riparian and upland buffers, forest farming, and urban food forests— considering their functions, applications, and designs. These practices are typically planned and implemented for sites on individual farms and ranches to meet producer objectives, and therefore a sitescale perspective is the dominant lens through which these interventions are viewed. Incorporating a landscape perspective, however, can add significant value when designing agroforestry practices for enhancing multifunctionality. Understanding how individual sites function in the larger landscape can help identify where and how to design agroforestry practices to more effectively produce ecosystem services. A landscape framework involves looking beyond field boundaries and property lines to determine how a site is influenced by offsite conditions and how the site affects the surrounding landscape. At this broader scale, connections with other land uses become relevant, and more comprehensive landbased solutions can be developed. This chapter focuses on the application of a landscapelevel perspective to enhance delivery of ecosystem goods and services from agroforestry in order to create more resilient agricultural landscapes. The first section provides an overview of landscape ecology, the patch–corridor–matrix model, recent approaches for improving matrix quality, and the multifunctional landscape framework. The second section explores opportunities for agroforestry to contribute to a culturebased food supply that could improve human health and build on local knowledge. In the next section, an introduction to methods for assessing landscapes offers guidance for strategically placing agroforestry practices based on landscape and site conditions. Merging theory and application, a case study of the Upper Sangamon River Watershed demonstrates the value of research methods applied at the landscape scale. The final section describes how expanding landscapescale agroforestry research could help to bring greater benefits and broader implementation.","PeriodicalId":443712,"journal":{"name":"North American Agroforestry","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132164589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Agroforestry and its Relevance in the Mexican Context","authors":"S. Diemont, L. Soto-Pinto, G. Jiménez-Ferrer","doi":"10.1002/9780891183785.ch18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780891183785.ch18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443712,"journal":{"name":"North American Agroforestry","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131993197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree–Crop Interactions in Temperate Agroforestry","authors":"S. Jose, E. Holzmueller, A. Gillespie","doi":"10.2134/2009.NORTHAMERICANAGROFORESTRY.2ED.C4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/2009.NORTHAMERICANAGROFORESTRY.2ED.C4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443712,"journal":{"name":"North American Agroforestry","volume":"2018 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125120839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alley Cropping Practices","authors":"H. Garrett, K. Wolz, W. D. Walter, L. Godsey, R. L. McGraw","doi":"10.2134/2009.NORTHAMERICANAGROFORESTRY.2ED.C7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/2009.NORTHAMERICANAGROFORESTRY.2ED.C7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443712,"journal":{"name":"North American Agroforestry","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130406563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}