{"title":"The Use of Greek in Palestine: Eupolemus as a Case Study","authors":"Marieke Dhont","doi":"10.1080/00310328.2022.2050074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2022.2050074","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Eupolemus, a Jewish historian generally dated to the second century bce, is often dismissed as a poor Greek writer. This lack of competency is linked to the assumptions that, as a Jew, he had limited Greek-language education and that he lived in Palestine, where Greek supposedly would have been marginal. The example of Eupolemus is illustrative of two issues in the study of Hellenistic Judaism. First, it calls into question the methods used for determining standard language and the measures by which we assess the style and ability of an ancient writer. Second, it calls for an assessment of the language situation in Palestine in the Hellenistic period. Advances in the study of the history of Greek have enabled a renewed appreciation of post-classical Greek, while twentieth century discoveries have allowed for a better understanding of the extent to which Greek was used in this region. In addition, the study of multilingualism in antiquity has progressed significantly, so that we are able to obtain a more nuanced understanding of Palestine as a multilingual environment where Jews, too, would use Greek alongside Hebrew and/or Aramaic in varying registers and for different purposes. In this article, I describe Eupolemus’s style against the background of post-classical Greek and reassess the link between linguistic proficiency, identity, and provenance.","PeriodicalId":44359,"journal":{"name":"Palestine Exploration Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48426580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Roman-Period Road Network in Southern Moab: A Geographic and Historical Enquiry","authors":"U. Davidovich, Chaim Ben-David, Roi Porat","doi":"10.1080/00310328.2022.2050093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2022.2050093","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, a well-preserved Roman-period road network was explored in southern Moab, descending the steep topographic gradient from the Moabite plateau to the south-eastern Dead Sea region. This network comprises three paved roads—Kathrabba, Kuniyeh and Zoar Ascents—installed according to Roman principles of road construction, sharing features such as minimal width of 4 m, kerbstones and retaining walls, built steps and paved sections. All roads were forced to overcome vertical height differences of 1200–1500 m over a short distance as well as high sub-vertical segments of Nubian sandstone cliffs and massive plutonic rock outcrops. The starting point for all roads was in the southernmost part of Moab, in the vicinity of the modern village of Mu’tah, and they led to three different points along the eastern coast of the southern basin of the Dead Sea. The article explores the geographic and structural traits of the newly discovered road system and delves into its historical context and significance. We argue that this meticulous, labour-intensive enterprise was most probably associated with the decades following the Roman annexation of Nabataea in 106 ce, and more specifically with the suppression of the Bar Kokhba Revolt, during which Jewish communities on both sides of the Dead Sea revolted against Roman rule.","PeriodicalId":44359,"journal":{"name":"Palestine Exploration Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48474025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Career of Moses Shapira, Bookseller and Antiquarian","authors":"Michael Press","doi":"10.1080/00310328.2022.2050075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2022.2050075","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article takes a look at the career of Moses Shapira, the notorious bookseller, antiquities dealer, and possible forger of 19th-century Jerusalem. Despite Shapira’s fame among scholars, his career is little discussed beyond the episodes of the Deuteronomy strips and, to a much lesser extent, the ‘Moabite pottery.’ By surveying his career as a whole, I will put these episodes into a clearer context, shedding additional light on Shapira’s methods and motivations. In addition, since we have more information by far on Shapira’s career than on that of any other seller of antiquities in Late Ottoman Palestine, understanding his career provides important insights into how the antiquities trade in Palestine operated at the time.","PeriodicalId":44359,"journal":{"name":"Palestine Exploration Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44937386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Invisible Excavators: The Quftis of Megiddo, 1925–1939","authors":"Eric H. Cline","doi":"10.1080/00310328.2022.2050085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2022.2050085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44359,"journal":{"name":"Palestine Exploration Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49150381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Establishing a baseline for the study of maritime cultural heritage in the Gaza Strip","authors":"G. Andreou, M. Fradley, L. Blue, C. Breen","doi":"10.1080/00310328.2022.2037923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2022.2037923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44359,"journal":{"name":"Palestine Exploration Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42113271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biblical Ziklag: the Case for Khirbet er-Ra‘i","authors":"Kyle H. Keimer","doi":"10.1080/00310328.2022.2030182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2022.2030182","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The identification of biblical Ziklag has plagued scholars for over 150 years. Fourteen potential sites have been identified, and there is yet to be a consensus. Based on geographical, archaeological, textual, and chronological considerations, it will be argued that Khirbet er-Ra‘i, the most recent site proposed, is the best candidate for biblical Ziklag.","PeriodicalId":44359,"journal":{"name":"Palestine Exploration Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48858446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The City Walls of Lachish: Response to Yosef Garfinkel, Michael Hasel, Martin Klingbeil and Their Colleagues","authors":"D. Ussishkin","doi":"10.1080/00310328.2022.2033484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2022.2033484","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Between 2013–2017 Yosef Garfinkel and his colleagues conducted excavations at the northern side of Tel Lachish/Tell ed-Duweir. Their conclusions regarding the character and date of the site’s fortifications, and their conclusions regarding the date of Palace C, the last stage of the Palace–Fort, radically differ from the conclusions of the British excavations headed by James Starkey and the renewed excavations of Tel Aviv University headed by me. The interpretations and dates made by Garfinkel and his colleagues regarding the fortifications and the Palace-Fort (Palace C) cannot be accepted. The fortifications uncovered by them on the northern side fit what was known before about the fortifications and their date in other parts of the site.","PeriodicalId":44359,"journal":{"name":"Palestine Exploration Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44048244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jerusalem’s Northern Defences Under Hadrian","authors":"J. Magness, G. Davies","doi":"10.1080/00310328.2022.2030609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2022.2030609","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most scholars believe that Hadrian’s city of Aelia Capitolina was unwalled, with free-standing gates marking the main entrances on the north, west, east, and south sides: on the north at the site of the modern Damascus Gate; on the east near the modern Lion’s Gate; on the south at the end of the eastern cardo; and on the west near the modern Jaffa Gate. The legionary camp probably occupied all or part of the southwestern hill, while the civilian settlement was located to its north and east. In this paper, we argue that archaeological and epigraphic evidence as well as topographic considerations support an earlier suggestion that Hadrian’s city of Aelia Capitolina was walled; specifically, the line of the Third Wall was rebuilt to serve as the north wall of Aelia Capitolina, and incorporated a monumental, Hadrianic arched gateway that preceded the erection of the circuit.","PeriodicalId":44359,"journal":{"name":"Palestine Exploration Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45126030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bathing Jewish, Bathing Greek: Developing an Approach to De-Categorising Hellenism and Judaism","authors":"Joseph Scales","doi":"10.1080/00310328.2022.2030181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2022.2030181","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent works on the categorisation of ancient Judaism have begun to call into question the division between Judaism and Hellenism, often reified as two distinct cultural spheres, even as scholars seek to explain texts and artefacts which show elements traditionally ascribed either to Judaism or Hellenism. These theoretical formulations have made some impact in the discussion of ancient Jewish texts but have so far failed to be fully appreciated in archaeological and architectural scholarship. This article will present the Magdala bathhouse (Galilee) as an example which forces us to re-evaluate the construction of Judaism and Hellenism. It proposes that we should view Judaism as an integral part of Hellenism, and any cultural output of ancient Judaism should be interpreted as a full participant in any definition of Hellenism.","PeriodicalId":44359,"journal":{"name":"Palestine Exploration Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47729901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An inscription from the Badia: Documenting evidence for the plague in the Mameluke Period","authors":"Khaled Suleman al-Jbour","doi":"10.1080/00310328.2021.2021663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2021.2021663","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research addresses the study of an Arabic inscription found in the northern region of Wadi al-Ṣarār, north-east of the town of Safawi in the Jordanian north-east Badia. The significance of this inscription lies in the fact that it documents, and is contemporaneous with, the plague (Black Death) which afflicted the population in the year 1363 ce (765 ah) during the Mameluke period. An additional point of interest is that the author of the inscription has written a votive prayer and a pious poem plagiarized from another Arabic poem with some small changes in the wording.","PeriodicalId":44359,"journal":{"name":"Palestine Exploration Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45186416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}