{"title":"Recalling the Pomp and Populism of the 1822 Commission to the Californias","authors":"Aaron Brick","doi":"10.1093/whq/whae025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whae025","url":null,"abstract":"Upon Mexico’s independence, its Regency dispatched commissioner Agustín Fernández de San Vicente to ensure the allegiance of officials and residents of remote Alta California. His strategies for this pivotal commission are analyzed for the first time here. Fernández, inspired by the grand style of the new emperor, Agustín Iturbide, designed a lavish presentation meant for mass appeal. Literature on the commission has been dominated to date by the biased and belated eyewitness testimony of Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo and Juan Bautista Alvarado, who depicted Fernández as a sleazy demagogue. This article critically examines their interventions and the conditions under which these were produced. Their stories about the commissioner drinking and gambling were probably exaggerated. Locals never found out that Fernández was lying about being a canon.","PeriodicalId":44317,"journal":{"name":"WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141153077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introducing the Euro-Invasion Conflict Database 1513–1901","authors":"Kevin Bales, Christine Annerfalk","doi":"10.1093/whq/whae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whae002","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a comprehensive new dataset of conflicts, in chronological order, between the Indigenous Peoples of North America and Europeans seeking to colonize what is now the Continental United States. These data, covering 1,375 conflicts, were originally compiled as a book in 2007 by Michael L. Nunnally, a self-taught historian with a talent for careful data collection and analysis. A research team within the Rights Lab (University of Nottingham, U.K.), drew upon Nunnally’s American Indian Wars to code each recorded conflict (battle, skirmish, raid, massacre, etc.) along with other relevant information. The conflicts were then further researched by the Rights Lab team to add any missing information, resolve ambiguities or questions, and to find common conflict patterns through these centuries. The database holds thirty possible variables for each conflict. An example of one such variable is “genocidal massacre,” following the work of historian Benjamin Madley. Other variables include specifying and/or clarifying the identity of all participants; introducing, as often as possible, the exact or approximate GPS coordinates for each conflict; and noting who were the initiators of each conflict. The full Codebook is an Appendix to this article. To our knowledge, the database we are presenting is unique. We offer this dataset to scholars in the hope that it will allow for a more nuanced and deeper consideration of the history of the European invasion of North America over a four-hundred-year period.","PeriodicalId":44317,"journal":{"name":"WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140105236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Smallpox Chiefs: Bioterrorism and the Exercise of Power in the Pacific Northwest","authors":"John Sutton Lutz, Keith Thor Carlson","doi":"10.1093/whq/whae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whae001","url":null,"abstract":"Although there has been much writing and speculation on the deliberate use of smallpox as a tool of genocide, this article documents the use of the bluff threat of spreading smallpox as a tool of power and manipulation in the early days of European trade and settlement in the Pacific Northwest. By documenting ten cases when a bluff threat was used, the article argues that it was a common strategy of Europeans when they felt threatened or thwarted. Because it was compatible with existing Indigenous beliefs about the spread of disease, it was highly credible and was occasionally used by Indigenous people to manipulate others. While Europeans in this era did not actually have the power to control smallpox, the fact that outbreaks of the disease often occurred following a threat to spread it gave credence to the threat and to today’s widespread belief that some or all of the epidemics were deliberate genocide. Recognizing bluff threat bioterrorism as a tool in the newcomer’s arsenal is essential to understanding how the heavily outnumbered and out-gunned newcomers were so often able to manipulate Indigenous people and then establish the settlements that eventually evolved into full scale colonial occupations of Indigenous territory.","PeriodicalId":44317,"journal":{"name":"WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140075242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patterns of Plunder: Corruption and the Failure of the Indian Reservation System, 1851–1887","authors":"Ryan Hall","doi":"10.1093/whq/whad124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad124","url":null,"abstract":"Between the reservation system’s creation in 1851 and its partial dismantling in the Dawes Allotment Act of 1887, the Office (now Bureau) of Indian Affairs tasked Indian agents with administering a complicated mixture of goods and services known as “annuities,” which were designed to make reservations viable and survivable for Native people. This article demonstrates that Indian agents instead systematically swindled Native people of their promised payments, intensifying crippling poverty at a crucial moment in Native history and deepening a climate of distrust and acrimony across much of the American West. Rather than strengthening Native communities, federal expenditures enriched the settler communities that surrounded them, becoming in effect a backdoor subsidy for westward expansion and a key source of economic power in frontier communities. Meanwhile, the supposed failure of reservations to become economically viable in these early decades provided justification for reformers who sought to impose more coercive forms of control and assimilation on Native people, such as boarding schools and land allotment. By focusing on the financial workings of the underexamined early reservation period, this article demonstrates how corruption in the Office of Indian Affairs shaped both Native American and western history in profound and irreversible ways.","PeriodicalId":44317,"journal":{"name":"WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138525789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wide-Open Desert: A Queer History of New Mexico. By Jordan Biro Walters","authors":"Nikita Shepard","doi":"10.1093/whq/whad148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad148","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Wide-Open Desert: A Queer History of New Mexico. By Jordan Biro Walters Get access Wide-Open Desert: A Queer History of New Mexico By Jordan Biro Walters (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2023. ix + 286 pp. Illustrations, notes, index. $30.00, paper.) Nikita Shepard Nikita Shepard Columbia University, New York, New York, USA ns3307@columbia.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, whad148, https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad148 Published: 14 November 2023","PeriodicalId":44317,"journal":{"name":"WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"14 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Segregation Made Them Neighbors: An Archaeology of Racialization in Boise, Idaho. By William A. White III","authors":"Edward González-Tennant","doi":"10.1093/whq/whad135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad135","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Segregation Made Them Neighbors: An Archaeology of Racialization in Boise, Idaho. By William A. White III Get access Segregation Made Them Neighbors: An Archaeology of Racialization in Boise, Idaho By William A. White (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press and the Society for Historical Archaeology, 2023. ix + 214 pp. Illustrations, figures, tables, appendices, references, index. $75.00.) Edward González-Tennant Edward González-Tennant University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA edward.gonzaleztennant@utrgv.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, whad135, https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad135 Published: 14 November 2023","PeriodicalId":44317,"journal":{"name":"WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"5 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydronarratives: Water, Environmental Justice, and a Just Transition. By Matthew S. Henry","authors":"Jane Griffith","doi":"10.1093/whq/whad138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad138","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Hydronarratives: Water, Environmental Justice, and a Just Transition. By Matthew S. Henry Get access Hydronarratives: Water, Environmental Justice, and a Just Transition Matthew S. Henry (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2023. ix + 217 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $30.00, paper.) Jane Griffith Jane Griffith Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada jgriffith@torontomu.ca Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, whad138, https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad138 Published: 14 November 2023","PeriodicalId":44317,"journal":{"name":"WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"5 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Taking the Field: Soldiers, Nature, and Empire on American Frontiers. By Amy Kohout","authors":"Erin Stewart Mauldin","doi":"10.1093/whq/whad144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad144","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Taking the Field: Soldiers, Nature, and Empire on American Frontiers. By Amy Kohout Get access Taking the Field: Soldiers, Nature, and Empire on American Frontiers By Amy Kohout (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2023. ix + 379 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $30.00, paper.) Erin Stewart Mauldin Erin Stewart Mauldin University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA emauldin@usf.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, whad144, https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad144 Published: 14 November 2023","PeriodicalId":44317,"journal":{"name":"WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"8 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A People’s History of SFO: The Making of the Bay Area and an Airport. By Eric Porter","authors":"Nicholas Dagen Bloom","doi":"10.1093/whq/whad134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad134","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article A People’s History of SFO: The Making of the Bay Area and an Airport. By Eric Porter Get access A People’s History of SFO: The Making of the Bay Area and an Airport By Eric Porter (Oakland: University of California Press, 2023. 296 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $29.95.) Nicholas Dagen Bloom Nicholas Dagen Bloom Hunter College, New York, New York, USA nb2907@hunter.cuny.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, whad134, https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad134 Published: 14 November 2023","PeriodicalId":44317,"journal":{"name":"WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Border Water: The Politics of U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Water Management, 1945–2015. By Stephen Paul Mumme","authors":"Megan Weiss","doi":"10.1093/whq/whad137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad137","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Border Water: The Politics of U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Water Management, 1945–2015. By Stephen Paul Mumme Get access Border Water: The Politics of U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Water Management, 1945–2015 By Stephen Paul Mumme (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2023. ix + 414 pp. Illustrations, tables, notes, references, index. $40.00, paper.) Megan Weiss Megan Weiss University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA megan.weiss@utah.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, whad137, https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whad137 Published: 14 November 2023","PeriodicalId":44317,"journal":{"name":"WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"19 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}