Economic Notes最新文献_第3页

Fostering decent jobs, formalising informal employment and spurring job mobility in MENA countries 在中东和北非国家促进体面工作，使非正规就业正规化，并刺激就业流动性

IF 0.8

Economic Notes Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1111/ecno.12240

Philippe Adair, Shireen AlAzzawi, Vladimir Hlasny

{"title":"Fostering decent jobs, formalising informal employment and spurring job mobility in MENA countries","authors":"Philippe Adair, Shireen AlAzzawi, Vladimir Hlasny","doi":"10.1111/ecno.12240","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecno.12240","url":null,"abstract":"Longstanding evidence in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries shows a high prevalence of unemployment and informality among a large fraction of population, and at the same time gender disparities in labour force participation and occupational mobility. Why is there such persistent labour-market segmentation? What is the impact and potential of various formalisation policies? An overview of the informal economy across three middle-income MENA countries (Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia) is provided with respect to taxonomy, coverage and drivers. Transition matrices and multinomial logistic regressions are applied to longitudinal microdata from Labour-Market Panel Surveys, focusing on workers' occupational mobility in relation to their previous status, age cohort, gender and other demographics. Persistent segmentation and low occupational mobility in all countries suggest that informal employment is not driven by choice on the labour supply side but by structural constraints on the demand side. Existing formalisation policies based on distinct stick and carrot strategies, and targeting of existing businesses and workers achieve rather modest impacts. One recommendation to supplement policies for decent jobs creation is to promote social and solidarity enterprises and extend microfinance to informal enterprises.","PeriodicalId":44298,"journal":{"name":"Economic Notes","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecno.12240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wavelet analysis of the foreign aid and economic growth nexus in Turkey 土耳其外援与经济增长关系的小波分析

IF 1.5

Economic Notes Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1111/ecno.12239

Tomiwa S. Adebayo, Demet B. Kalmaz, Abraham A. Awosusi

{"title":"Wavelet analysis of the foreign aid and economic growth nexus in Turkey","authors":"Tomiwa S. Adebayo, Demet B. Kalmaz, Abraham A. Awosusi","doi":"10.1111/ecno.12239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecno.12239","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey is one of the highest donors in the world, who also receives substantial amount of aids from various entities and countries. This paper aims to investigate the on going nexus between economic growth (EG) and foreign aid (AID) in Turkey; utilizing yearly data between 1960 and 2022 by employing wavelet analysis tools: namely the power spectrum, wavelet coherence, wavelet cohesion and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) causality approach, which provides information of both long-run and short-run linkages for separate subperiods of time and frequencies. Our results reveal that; (a) the result of the power spectrum indicates that at different frequency and period, there is evidence of significant variation in EG and AID; (b) the outcome of the wavelet coherence confirms that there is comovement at varying frequencies and varying periods between EG and AID, with AID leading; (c) the outcome of the wavelet cohesion shows a positive/negative connection in the short and medium term, but a negative connection in the long term; (d) the result of the CWT causality approach confirmed the ‘feedback hypothesis’ at the aggregate level, in-phase and out-phase condition. As a result, policymakers should be more effective in supporting EG at high frequencies and only under the rule of the economic cycle.","PeriodicalId":44298,"journal":{"name":"Economic Notes","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hurdles to financing micro-entrepreneurs in MENA countries prior and during COVID-19 中东和北非国家微型企业家在 COVID-19 之前和期间的融资障碍

IF 1.5

Economic Notes Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1111/ecno.12235

Imène Berguiga, Philippe Adair

{"title":"Hurdles to financing micro-entrepreneurs in MENA countries prior and during COVID-19","authors":"Imène Berguiga, Philippe Adair","doi":"10.1111/ecno.12235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecno.12235","url":null,"abstract":"Factors detrimental to funding females or micro-entrepreneurs arise both from the demand side of businesses, such as the absence of funding need versus self-selection despite account holding, and from the supply side of financial institutions, such as deficient financial infrastructure and discrimination towards loan applicants. A sequential model addresses both the demand and the supply sides, prior and during the COVID-19 pandemic, upon four MENA countries, namely Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia. Probit regressions use two distinct though comparable sub-samples of micro-enterprises from the 2020 World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) and the Economic Research Forum (ERF) COVID-19 Monitor in 2021. Prior the pandemic, micro-enterprises are prone to self-selection vis-à-vis loan application in Tunisia (ERF) and in all North African countries (WBES). During the pandemic, no self-selection vis-à-vis government support affects either female or micro-entrepreneurs. Prior the pandemic, females or micro-entrepreneurs face no loan discrimination (WBES). During the pandemic, females face no discrimination regarding government support, whereas Moroccan micro-entrepreneurs do (ERF). Prior the pandemic, financial inclusion runs opposite to both self-selection and discrimination (WBES), but not for self-selection (ERF), whereas it proves insignificant during the pandemic with respect to self-selection or discrimination, whatever the sub-sample.","PeriodicalId":44298,"journal":{"name":"Economic Notes","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecno.12235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140533839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When all speak, should we listen? A cross-country analysis of disagreement in policymaking and its implications 当所有人都发言时，我们是否应该倾听？决策分歧及其影响的跨国分析

IF 1.5

Economic Notes Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/ecno.12234

Spandan Banerjee, Rajendra N. Paramanik, Rounak Sil, Unninarayanan Kurup

引用次数: 0

Issue Information (ECNO) 发行信息（ECNO）

IF 1.5

Economic Notes Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/ecno.12223

引用次数: 0

Mutual insurance for catastrophe hazards: Case of deposit insurance 巨灾互助保险：存款保险案例

IF 1.5

Economic Notes Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1111/ecno.12233

Sangkyun Park

{"title":"Mutual insurance for catastrophe hazards: Case of deposit insurance","authors":"Sangkyun Park","doi":"10.1111/ecno.12233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecno.12233","url":null,"abstract":"Deposit insurance involves catastrophe risk because bank failures spike during a banking crisis. Although mutual insurance is ill-suited for catastrophe risk, the US government structures deposit insurance like a mutual company owned by policyholders. Furthermore, an intertemporal mispricing resulting from a dividend-surcharge arrangement produces several problems. Most importantly, it worsens moral hazard. Through dividends and surcharges, deposit insurance transfers the premium burden from high-risk banks to low-risk banks and in effect erodes the charter value of low-risk banks. In addition, high-risk banks taking catastrophe risk can outperform low-risk banks for many years in a row, putting pressures on managers of low-risk banks. Owing to these factors, an underpricing of catastrophe risk before its realization can ratchet up risk-taking by banks. Other problems with the intertemporal mispricing include making the banking business more procyclical, distorting the prices of banking products, and exposing taxpayers to asymmetric downside risk. To ensure fair competition and improve economic efficiency, the government should set the insurance premium based not on the realized loss but on the expected loss.","PeriodicalId":44298,"journal":{"name":"Economic Notes","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139739242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Financial inclusion of Muslim minority in Vellore, Tamil Nadu 泰米尔纳德邦韦洛尔穆斯林少数民族的金融包容性

IF 1.5

Economic Notes Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1111/ecno.12232

Vavangani Ishtiyaq Nadeem, Khalid Waheed, Arshiya Fathima M.S

引用次数: 0

Issue Information (ECNO) 发行信息（ECNO）

IF 1.5

Economic Notes Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1111/ecno.12222

引用次数: 0

The monetary policy trilemma from the perspective of European integration 从欧洲一体化角度看货币政策三难问题

IF 1.5