HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials最新文献_第9页

Experimental Determination of Heat Transfer using a Polymer Solution Shower during Induction Hardening* 感应硬化过程中聚合物溶液阵雨传热的实验测定*

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HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2021-0007

M. Kadanik, L. Burgschat, M. Reich, S. Petersen, O. Kessler

引用次数: 1

Tribological Stress Behaviour of Cast Iron without and with Surface Treatment under Concentrated Contact Load* 铸铁在集中接触载荷下未经和经过表面处理的摩擦学应力行为*

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HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2021-0010

A. Holst, A. Buchwalder, R. Zenker

{"title":"Tribological Stress Behaviour of Cast Iron without and with Surface Treatment under Concentrated Contact Load*","authors":"A. Holst, A. Buchwalder, R. Zenker","doi":"10.1515/htm-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The graphite inclusions typical of grey solidified cast iron materials reduce the load-bearing capacity under locally concentrated pressure and simultaneous sliding stress. Surface treatment processes such as nitriding and electron beam remelting are known to improve the local stress behaviour. In this paper, the effects of the above-mentioned individual processes and their combination on the tribological stress behaviour of ferritic and pearlitic cast irons with different graphite morphologies are discussed. The results obtained in the model wear test ball-plate show that the specific wear coefficient of the investigated cast irons with different graphite morphology can already be reduced by at least one order of magnitude by an approx. 0.5–0.9 mm thick remelted surface layer with a surface hardness of 650–750 HV1. This treatment eliminates the graphite and produces ledeburitic carbides instead. The potential of an additional nitriding treatment depends on the parameters used, i. e. the nitrided layer thickness produced as well as the phase composition and the pore fraction of the compound layer. Based on stress calculations, the experimentally determined main influences such as the coefficient of friction, the pore fraction in the compound layer and the magnitude of the Hertzian pressure on the contact stress could essentially be confirmed.","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83171803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Optimized Nitriding for Subsequent Induction Heat Treatment 为后续感应热处理优化氮化

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HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2021-0008

S. Hoja, D. Nadolski, M. Steinbacher, R. Fechte-Heinen

引用次数: 2

Influence of Deep Rolling and Induction Hardening on Microstructure Evolution of Crankshaft Sections made from 38MnSiVS5 and 42CrMo4 深滚和淬火对38MnSiVS5和42CrMo4曲轴型材组织演变的影响

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HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2021-0002

A. Fischer, B. Scholtes, T. Niendorf, M. S. A. Fischer, Dr.-Ing. habil. Berthold Scholtes, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Niendorf

{"title":"Influence of Deep Rolling and Induction Hardening on Microstructure Evolution of Crankshaft Sections made from 38MnSiVS5 and 42CrMo4","authors":"A. Fischer, B. Scholtes, T. Niendorf, M. S. A. Fischer, Dr.-Ing. habil. Berthold Scholtes, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Niendorf","doi":"10.1515/htm-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to improve properties of complex automotive components, such as crankshafts, in an application-oriented way, several surface hardening treatments can be applied. Concerning the material performance the definition of adequate process parameters influences the resulting surface properties and, thus, the effectiveness of surface hardening treatments. To analyze most relevant process-microstructure-property relationships, the present paper reports results obtained by two different well-established surface hardening procedures, i. e. deep rolling as a mechanical treatment and induction hardening as a thermal treatment. For each hardening process widely used crankshaft steel grades, i. e. a medium carbon 38MnSiVS5 microalloyed steel and a quenched and tempered 42CrMo4 were selected and thoroughly characterized upon processing, using equal parameter settings. The results reveal that deep rolling in contrast to induction hardening proves to be a less sensitive surface layer treatment with regard to small differences in the initial microstructure, the chemical composition and the applied process parameters. Differences in microstructure evolution with respect to the applied surface hardening treatment are studied and discussed for the highly stressed fillet region of automotive crankshaft sections for all conditions. In this context, high-resolution SEM-based techniques such as EBSD and ECCI are proven to be very effective for fast qualitative evaluation of induced microstructural changes.","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76849053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Characterization of Graded Subsurface Zones in Industrial Case-Hardening Using a Non-Destructive Testing System 用无损检测系统表征工业硬化中分级次表层

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HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2021-0006

R. Gansel, C. Zimmermann, L. Fricke, M. Lüdtke, H. Klümper-Westkamp, R. Fechte-Heinen, H. Maier, D. Zaremba

{"title":"Characterization of Graded Subsurface Zones in Industrial Case-Hardening Using a Non-Destructive Testing System","authors":"R. Gansel, C. Zimmermann, L. Fricke, M. Lüdtke, H. Klümper-Westkamp, R. Fechte-Heinen, H. Maier, D. Zaremba","doi":"10.1515/htm-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For process monitoring and quality assurance of case-hardened components, the determination of the case-hardening depth in the manufacturing process after hardening of the subsurface layer is a quality verification that is often required in industry. Currently, these quality assurance tests can only be realized with destructive measures. During case-hardening, the essential microstructural formation, and thus the key component properties are developed during the heat treatment in the cooling section. The testing technique used in the present study is based on the analysis of harmonic signals of eddy current testing. The aim of this project was to achieve an early identification of incorrect cooling processes in the case of a known transformation behaviour of the components during cooling. The data collected in the industrial hardening process show that an evaluation of the carburizing process on the basis of the case-hardening depth can be carried out non-destructively during component cooling and in the cooled state with the use of eddy current technology.","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81302350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Turn-Rolling on the Residual Stresses and Microstructure of C45E and the Effects on Fatigue Life under Cyclic Loading 旋转轧制对C45E残余应力和组织的影响及循环载荷下疲劳寿命的影响

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HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2021-0003

B. Denkena, P. Kuhlemann, B. Breidenstein, M. Keitel, N. Vogel

引用次数: 1

Tribocorrosion Mechanisms of Martensitic Stainless Steels 马氏体不锈钢的摩擦腐蚀机理

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HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2021-0004

A. Gassner, L. Waidelich, H. Palkowski, J. Wilde, H. Mozaffari-Jovein

{"title":"Tribocorrosion Mechanisms of Martensitic Stainless Steels","authors":"A. Gassner, L. Waidelich, H. Palkowski, J. Wilde, H. Mozaffari-Jovein","doi":"10.1515/htm-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present study, the influence of the electrochemical potential on the tribocorrosion behavior of X20Cr13 in 0.15 molar NaCl-solution was investigated with the aid of a universal-tribometer under potentiostatic control. The resulting material loss was determined through laser confocal microscopy, while the morphology of the wear tracks and the deformation of the material structure near the surface were observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed a clear dependence of the material loss and the wear mechanisms from the applied potential. Within the cathodic region, a small amount of the material degradation could be attributed to a strong adhesion and resulting strain hardening as a consequence of an electrochemical weakening and mechanical destruction of the passive layer. The maximum of wear during polarization at the free corrosion potential under friction was explained by galvanic coupling between the wear track and the passive surface near the stability threshold between Fe2+-Ion and Fe2O3 development. Through increasing Polarization onto the free corrosion potential in the absence of friction and into the passive region, a decrease in material loss could be observed which is presumably attributed to the stable passive layer that inhibits electrochemical degradation and favors the formation of a grain refinement zone that slows down mechanical destruction.","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81520795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Investigation of Compound Layer Structures after Nitriding and Nitrocarburizing of Quenched and Tempered Steels 调质钢渗氮和氮碳共渗后复合层组织的研究

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HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2021-0005

M. Sommer, S. Hoja, M. Steinbacher, R. Fechte-Heinen

{"title":"Investigation of Compound Layer Structures after Nitriding and Nitrocarburizing of Quenched and Tempered Steels","authors":"M. Sommer, S. Hoja, M. Steinbacher, R. Fechte-Heinen","doi":"10.1515/htm-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A compound layer is formed by ingress of nitrogen from an external nitrogen source into the surface layer and the formation of nitrides when the solubility of nitrogen in the bulk material is exceeded. In the surface layer, where the nitrogen concentration is at its maximum level, the nitrides form a closed layer. The compound layer continues to contain alloy nitrides which have formed from the carbides and other precipitates from the bulk material. The properties of the compound layer have a decisive influence on the wear and fatigue behavior of the loaded surfaces. The current investigations deal with the extensive characterization of compound layers that have been produced in heat treatment processes with the aim of producing stress-resistant nitriding layers. The commonly used nitriding and quench and temper (Q&T) steels 31CrMoV9 and 42CrMo4 served as examination material. The structure of the compound layers was varied within the nitriding trials regarding the phase composition, porosity and layer thicknesses. The phase composition of the compound layers was determined by special etching, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and GDOES.","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83570448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Numerical Study to Understand the Distortion Behavior of a Weight-Reduced Counter Gear* 了解减重反齿轮畸变行为的数值研究*

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HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2020-0009

J. Kagathara, T. Lübben

引用次数: 2

A Model to Predict the Microstructural Constituents after Quenching and Partitioning of Martensitic Stainless Steels 马氏体不锈钢淬火及分配后组织成分预测模型

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HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2020-0008

S. Kresser, R. Schneider, H. Zunko, C. Sommitsch

{"title":"A Model to Predict the Microstructural Constituents after Quenching and Partitioning of Martensitic Stainless Steels","authors":"S. Kresser, R. Schneider, H. Zunko, C. Sommitsch","doi":"10.1515/htm-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The typical heat treatment of martensitic stainless steels comprises hardening and subsequent tempering. Depending on the application and size of the component, tempering is carried out either at low temperatures (< 300 °C) or at high temperatures (> 500 °C). In this paper, tempering at lower temperatures is examined. First, the austenitizing step is considered in greater detail and an optimized formula for the calculation of the MS temperature of such steel grades is created in order to enable to be modelled. For the calculations, the austenite composition is determined at different austenitizing temperatures using thermodynamic simulation. Furthermore, the transformation of austenite into martensite during quenching is described with the help of the Koistinen-Marburger equation. The second part deals with effects in the material at low holding temperatures. Here, the influence of different hardening temperatures and interception temperatures of the quenching procedure is investigated. There is no complete partitioning at temperatures of 300 °C. Certain tempering processes can also take place, such as the formation of transition carbides, so-called M3C carbides. A typical tempering with formation of stable Cr-rich carbides does not occur at this low temperature. Finally, the calculated results of the model correlate well with microstructural investigations (XRD, LOM). ◼","PeriodicalId":44294,"journal":{"name":"HTM-Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82892198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3