Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research最新文献

{"title":"Russian Market of Online Microloans to the Population: Credit Risks Analysis","authors":"Yuliya S. Evlakhova, Alexandra A. Tregubova","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.029","url":null,"abstract":"The credit bubble and the accompanying credit risks in the microfinance market could potentially threaten financial stability, as a crisis in the microfinance market could trigger an influx of high-risk clients into the banking sector. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of credit risk that creates threats of financial instability in the microloan market for the population, including its online segment. The hypothesis of the study is that during periods of crisis there are critical deviations of the key characteristics of the credit risk of the microloan market for the population, including its online segment. An original approach to assessing credit risk in the market of microloans to the population is proposed, which includes: (1) selection of indicators of the microfinance market that characterize credit risk at the macrolevel; (2) exponential smoothing models that make it possible to obtain an estimate of the boundaries of the corridor of acceptable values of market indicators. The information base of the study was the official statistical data of the Bank of Russia on the activities of microfinance institutions. The results of the study made it possible to identify the emergence of several \"bubbles\" of online microloans in the microfinance market: the largest of them was recorded on March 31, 2021, and was due to an increase in the issuance of both online PDL and online IL microloans, the second largest was recorded on June 30, 2022, and was caused exclusively by the growth of online PDL microloans. It was revealed that the level of credit activity of microfinance organizations shifted from high to moderate, while their credit activity did not provoke an excessive increase in credit risks of the microfinance market. In order to timely prevent crises in the microfinance market, the necessity of monitoring the values of outstanding overdue debts of microfinance organizations and interest arrears on microloans issued online IL is substantiated. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results obtained in the prudential regulation of the microfinance market, in assessing the risks of the activities of microfinance organizations and their clients – individual borrowers. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the expanding of the analysis of credit risks in the microfinance market through the study of the segment of online microloans.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135909655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Performance of Commercial Banks in Russia Based on a Multidimensional Analysis of Financial Indicators","authors":"I. I. Kornukov, A. Domnikov","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"Banks occupy a central place in the modern global economy. Their stability is an indicator of the state of the country's economy as a whole, which has been repeatedly confirmed by the history of financial crises. The trend and intensity of global digitalization are radically changing the architecture of markets, which requires the development of new theories, methodologies, the search for new management technologies for immediate response to all kinds of challenges and for making informed decisions based on a comprehensive system assessment. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative probabilistic assessment of the performance of banks based on the generation of a random multidimensional value of financial indicators. The hypothesis of the study is that probabilistic multidimensional comparative evaluation models will eliminate subjectivism, increase the efficiency and reliability of the raw data base for generating management decisions. The authors have developed a new methodology for comparative evaluation of banks using multidimensional probabilistic analysis. The main problems of managerial decision-making in conditions of uncertainty are identified, taking into account the presence of an anthropogenic factor in the system, the stages of formation of a training sample of commercial banks are described, a list of statistically significant financial indicators is selected, a mathematical problem is formulated, a methodology and mathematical tools for analyzing multidimensional indicators are defined. Using a practical example for 2015-2020, a training sample of banks was formed, divided into two clusters, the coefficients of the equation of the separating hyperplane were determined, a multidimensional random variable was generated, the probability of banks being assigned to one of the clusters was calculated. The results of the calculations showed that only some banks managed to keep their place in the \"positive\" cluster and the units showed a positive increase in probability. The scientific and practical significance of the research lies in the increment of knowledge on the development of a methodology for multidimensional probabilistic assessment of the position of banks in the training sample. The basis of this methodology can be extended to related spheres of economic life of society, to form the basis of automation models for assessing the financial condition of the subject, finding solutions to optimization problems and developing management solutions.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83915520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric Impact of Geopolitical Risk and Economic Policy Uncertainty on Russian Ruble Exchange Rate","authors":"Anna A. Gainetdinova","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.012","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian economy has encountered substantial exchange rate volatility due to many endogenous and exogenous shocks, including the global financial crisis, sanctions, and the COVID-19 pandemic. These exogenous shocks tend to increase economic policy uncertainty, eventually leading to exchange rate fluctuations. In addition, the Russian economy is highly exposed to geopolitical risks, which also reflected in the dynamics of the exchange rate. The hypothesis of the study is that the response of the exchange rate to the positive and negative shocks in geopolitical risk and economic policy uncertainty may be asymmetric because of the expectations of economic agents. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the asymmetric impact of geopolitical risk and economic policy uncertainty on the Russian exchange rate. As a preliminary analysis, the time series were tested for unit root and cointegration. I apply linear and non-linear autoregressive and distributed lag models (ARDL) that estimate asymmetric impact and provide results in the short and long term. The results of econometric analysis show that geopolitical risk and economic policy uncertainty affect the exchange rate asymmetrically in the short term, while their impact on the exchange rate is symmetric in the long term. In the short term, the exchange rate is more sensitive to negative shocks of geopolitical risk and economic policy uncertainty as compared to positive ones. At the same time, the negative impact of geopolitical risk is smoothed out in the long term. The theoretical significance of the study lies in expanding the standard model of fundamental factors affecting the dynamics of the exchange rate by examining nexus between \"unobservable\" factors and the exchange rate. The findings make it possible to improve the predictability of the exchange rate, providing valuable policy implications for investors and policy-makers.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83343227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Credit Growth: An Empirical Study of Commercial Banks in Indonesia","authors":"Ahmad Rado Rizkullah, Suhel, S. Andaiyani","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.017","url":null,"abstract":"he banking sector is one of the pillars that forms the country's economy that has an important function: it channels funds in the form of credit to the public. This study aims to analyze determinants affecting credit growth in commercial banks by using a purposive sampling technique to select seven commercial banks in Indonesia with a minimum capital of 30 trillion in the 2017-2021 period. This study hypothesizes that bank size has a positive and significant effect on credit growth while non-performing loans, liquidity, third party funds and capital adequacy ratios have a negative and significant effect on credit growth. Using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), this research finds that bank size and third-party funds have a positive and significant influence on credit growth; non-performing loans have a negative and significant effect on credit growth, loan deposit ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on credit growth, and capital adequacy ratio has a negative and insignificant effect on credit growth. This study found that Third Party Funds have a positive and significant influence on Credit Growth in Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The positive but significant causality between third party funds and credit growth indicates that the hypothesis that was put forward by the researchers is confirmed in a different direction. This study indicates that maintaining banking stability is important, especially to increase the credibility and existence of the bank in society. The theoretical and practical significance is that it provides knowledge of the determinants of credit to commercial banks in Indonesia so that it can be used as a comparison or reference.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76463283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tourism Development in Border Regions of Russia: Methodological Foundations of Typology and its Approbation","authors":"A. Vasilieva, T. V. Morozova","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.011","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral Russian border regions traditionally lag behind in a pronounced differentiation in the development of regions. The search for ways to level differences is associated with options for diversifying the economy, including the development of tourism and the study of the specifics of its development in the border area, which is the reason for the relevance of the study. For a country in which more than half of all regions are border regions and the border is the longest in the world, the border itself is in a state of transformation, and the role of the border factor is only increasing, the study of the influence of the border factor on economic systems, including tourism, is a particularly relevant scientific and practical task. Border regions of Russia were the objects of the research. The purpose of the study is related to the development of a methodological approach to the typology of the border areas of Russia in the context of unlocking the tourism potential. The testing of this approach was carried out on a set of pre-Covid data, helping to test the hypothesis that tourism systems in border regions develop in connection with additional incentives created by the border. However, this positive impact may not manifest itself equally in all parts of the border. The authors substantiated and carried out a typology of border regions according to the peculiarities of tourism development. The typology was made using the cluster analysis method. As a result, the types of border regions were determined according to the parameters of the influence of the border position on the development of tourism. The approach to typology proposed in the paper contributes to the development of the theories of management of the spatial organization of regional economic systems. From a practical point of view, the proposed methodology and the results of typology take into account the knowledge of various aspects of border regions, help identify development incentives, make adjustments to the budgetary policy of border regions, and become the basis for developing management and investment decisions.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89298081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESG Management of Sustainable Business Development in the Context of Digital Transformation of the Russian Economy","authors":"I. Morozova, A. I. Smetanina, A. S. Smetanin","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.018","url":null,"abstract":"The problem is that the ESG management practices that are emerging in Russia do not fully take into account the context of digital transformation, which reduces their effectiveness. The article is aimed at developing a promising approach to ESG management of sustainable business development in the context of the digital transformation of the Russian economy. A hypothesis has been put forward that the sustainability of business development depends on the use of artificial intelligence, big data and ESG management, the system management of which generates a synergistic effect. Using the method of regression analysis based on the data of the International Monetary Fund and IMD for 2022, economic and mathematical modeling was carried out: the dependence of sustainable business development: 1) on the management of digital business transformation; 2) from ESG management and 3) from the use of artificial intelligence, big data and from ESG management. Econometric models are used to predict the consequences of isolated (in model 1 and model 2) and systemic (in model 3) ESG management of sustainable business development in the context of digital transformation. As a result, it was revealed that the most favorable conditions for sustainable business development are created in model 3, which assumes ESG management and reveals the potential of digital transformation. The shortcoming of the existing practice of managing sustainable business development associated with the isolation of ESG management from the management of digital business transformation is substantiated. It is recommended that this practice be improved with the help of artificial intelligence and big data. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the fact that it proposes a new - systematic vision of the ESG management of sustainable business development in the context of digital transformation. In the author's vision, the integration of two previously separate areas of management is ensured through the use of artificial intelligence and big data. The practical significance of the developed approach to business ESG management in the context of the digital transformation of the Russian economy is related to improving the efficiency of Russian business management by increasing its sustainability and better unlocking the potential of digital transformation.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83407612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Digital Environment Factors on the Development of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Russian Regions","authors":"Vilena A. Yakimova, Svetlana V. Pankova","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.025","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study of entrepreneurial ecosystems in a digital environment is caused by the presence within specific regions of network relationships between entrepreneurship, business support institutions, scientific and educational organizations, and the state in the context of the transformation of information and technology exchange processes. In the face of the challenges of the digital economy, there is a need to determine the points of growth of regional ecosystems and identify the effects of the impact of transformational factors on the relational components of the ecosystem, which are formed by the new digital environment. The aim of the study is to model the effectiveness of the impact of the digital environment on indicators characterizing the level of development of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the space-time continuum. The research hypothesis is that the factors of the digital environment stimulate the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the region. Methods: we used techniques and methods of clustering, correlation and regression analysis, and space-time modeling. Results: the authors substantiated the composition of the basic components of the model of the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem, formulated the key principles of its functioning, and determined the criteria for its condition. We have selected and structured indicators indicating the impact of the digital environment on the effectiveness of the functioning of entrepreneurial ecosystems. The article contains data on the identification of regions with pronounced signs of the presence of entrepreneurial ecosystems. The authors have established the features of their geographical location. We have compiled models of the impact of digitalization on the criteria indicators of regional business ecosystems. The study determined the positive impact on the profitability growth of the presence of fast-growing companies in the region, the information and computer technology sector, and the size of its state and investment support. The authors have identified a direct dependence of business concentration on information resources, infrastructure, and financial components. We have established the degree of influence of acceleration and incubation platforms, scalable projects in the field of end-to-end technologies and investments in IT projects on the number of fast-growing companies and startups. The results develop the theoretical propositions of regional business ecosystems, criteria for their condition and functioning, and the influence of digitalization factors on their development. The obtained results can be used for the formation and adjustment of programs for the implementation of strategies in the field of digital transformation of the regional economy.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135908035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Assessment of Environmental and Energy Features of Wastewater Treatment Plants Towards Circular Economy","authors":"A. Kiselev, E. Magaril","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater treatment plays an important role in ensuring ecological safety for water bodies. The achievement of the standard quality of wastewater treatment is being fulfilled through the introduction of the best available techniques. However, the process of wastewater treatment and sludge utilization itself is quite energy intensive. In the course of investment program planning and implementation, corporate managers and local authorities often focus on individual tasks such as how to improve the wastewater treatment quality or to improve energy efficiency; these factors are, however, however interrelated. Achieving the standard quality of wastewater treatment through the introduction of best available techniques and an increase in the number of technological stages usually leads to an increase in the overall energy consumption of the facilities. The hypothesis of the research suggests that the performance assessment of wastewater treatment plants needs mutual accounting of two main factors: wastewater treatment quality and energy efficiency. The main purpose of this work is to develop a methodological approach for assessing the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants on the way towards the implementation of circular economy principles, followed by its trial application. The authors proposed a methodological framework that consists of three stages: (1) assessing the quality of wastewater treatment, (2) assessing energy efficiency, and (3) constructing a sustainability index on a correlation matrix. The outputs of the operation activities of wastewater treatment plants in Yekaterinburg for 2015-2018 were used for methodological framework approbation. The results of the investigation develop existing knowledge regarding the assessment of the effectiveness of management at treatment facilities and confirm the research hypothesis: the obtained values of the sustainable index correlate with the technical condition of the facilities both in terms of the achievement of the standard treatment quality the energy efficiency of the technological process. The practical significance of the study lies in the creation of a convenient and simple management tool for assessing the current success of wastewater treatment plants and progress in implementing successful circular economy practices. The proposed approach can be used as an element of environmental and economic assessment in the energy sector.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74676636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration of Specialists with Higher Education in Russia: Assessment of Factors and Modeling of Processes","authors":"M. Makhotaeva, M. Nikolaev","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"Internal migration of specialists with higher education has a significant impact on the intellectual capital of the regions. The growing differentiation of the territorial distribution of this most important capital in the conditions of an innovative economy leads to a weakening of interregional ties and has a negative impact on the dynamics of the development of the national economy. In this regard, a study is relevant, the purpose of which would be to assess the factors that determine the migration processes of specialists with higher education in Russia, and to build a migration model. A hypothesis is considered that the migration patterns of highly qualified specialists differ in the context of federal districts, while socio-economic factors are of decisive importance. The analysis showed that migration processes are confined within the federal districts. Only the Central, North-Western and Southern federal districts have a stable positive balance of migration of specialists with higher education, while from the point of view of the study of socio-economic factors of migration, the Central and North-Western ones are of the greatest interest. The analysis also showed that migration patterns differ significantly in the context of federal districts. Thus, migration processes in the regions of the North-Western Federal District are mainly due to the need to improve the quality of life. At the same time, for the Central Federal District, we can talk about a more significant impact of the innovative activity of organizations and the proportion of specialists with higher education as attracting factors. The migration model was built for the North-Western Federal District, which is due to its high attractiveness for the migration of highly qualified specialists from all federal districts, as well as due to the diversity of climatic and socio-economic conditions. The analysis of strategic documents of the regions of the district confirms the adequacy of the migration model of highly qualified specialists obtained based on regression analysis. The donor regions consider the low quality of life as the main reason, and the main direction of migration policy is aimed at improving it.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89425883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Technology and Trade Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"S. J. Olakunle","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.020","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between digital technology and trade performance with a focus on export trade in sub-Saharan African countries. The main objectives are to examine the impact digital technology measured by ICT goods import, internet use and mobile telephone subscriptions have on export trade in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), to evaluate the link between the degree of the region’s development and export trade and the form of digital technology most suitable in facilitating trade in the region. The study hypotheses are that: (1) ICT goods import, internet use and mobile telephone subscriptions do not influence significantly export trade in SSA; (2) the region’s development does not link appreciably to export trade in SSA; (3) no form of digital technology can facilitate trade in the region. The panel regression estimation technique is adopted considering the panel least squares, fixed effect and random effect estimation techniques. Results show that information and communication technology imports exert greater positive and significant impact on export trade flows compared to internet usage demonstrating theoretical and practical relevance of technology in trade flows. The degree of development is low and does not show an appreciable impact on trade flows in the region indicating that trade integration can thrive better in a well-structured economy. Redundant fixed effect test confirms that the panel least squares estimation is better compared to the fixed effect estimation. Hausman test demonstrates that random effect estimation is also better than fixed effect estimation. In attaining the reality of the contribution of digitalization process in SSA, policy makers need to pursue major goals that would address problems hampering its success.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135908264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}