Terra Economicus最新文献

{"title":"Fiscal stamps’ concession – between high costs and absent economic logic","authors":"Elvin S. Meka","doi":"10.58944/imff4165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/imff4165","url":null,"abstract":"The fiscal stamps’ concession for excise -taxed and pharmaceutical products is part of a long list of many PPPs and other concessions, granted and approved by Albanian governments, over the years, whose purpose is to free the government and state entities from providing services and investments in different sectors of the economy.Beyond being a normal practice in many European countries and also in the region, this concession, approved since 2011, is almost unique and unusual, in terms of printing and selling price for fiscal stamps by SICPA, the concessionary company, where practically these prices are up to 7-10 times more expensive than the respective ones applied in other European countries and in the region, even by the same concessionary company. Despite this, such a concession applies a primitive technology for the production and printing of (domestic and imported) beer tax stamps, which does not justify the price of the stamp, furthermore, is senselessly burdening the cost of producers and importers, as well as the final consumer, in the domestic market. This concession remains unprecedented, as it imposes a fiscal stamp on beer as well, a practice not implemented in Europe, by burdening, without an economic logic, all the operators who produce and trade beer, as well as the final consumer in the domestic market. Given the fact of the lack of a deep analysis on the benefits and successes of the fight against fiscal evasion from trade of excise – taxed goods and, moreover, of the lack of a clear comparative analysis between the advantages and essential improvements, such a concession brought to the national economy, public finances and the consumer of the Albanian producer, but also through the analysis made with regard to the economic & financial indicators and the costs of the Albanian producers and consumer, the paper comes to the conclusion that this concession, in its closing stage, should be deeply revised, probably being temporarily offered by the government and then negotiated with more favorable terms and prices than the current ones and comparable to other countries in the region and Europe. Also, the government should be attentive to the concerns of beer producers and importers and the unjustifiable costs on final consumer. Moreover, it must clarify and specify, from a legal point of view, the possible consequences, or “gaps” of the concession contract with SICPA company, related to its international arbitration proceedings.","PeriodicalId":44272,"journal":{"name":"Terra Economicus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78851444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Customer Retention and Satisfaction in the Albanian Auto Insurance","authors":"Eleni Kalemaj","doi":"10.58944/hwau2300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/hwau2300","url":null,"abstract":"Customers are the reason why businesses exist, prosper, and expand. Customer acquisition is the main goal for sales teams because more clients mean more money. The pandemic constrained people to reconsider how they utilize their time and what companies they do business with, including their insurance options. The insurance industry has the highest customer acquisition costs of any industry. Customer acquisition in insurance costs are nine times higher than customer retention, so ‘’Happy clients” is no longer a nice to have, but a must in insurance industry. In order to be profitable in insurance, the industry should focus in the customer experience service by improving important indicators like loyalty and retention. In this study, I seek to understand the factors that may cause an insurance services firm to lose some of its customers who have auto insurance. The findings of this empirical research utilized NPS for measuring customer loyalty in the auto insurance market in Albania. To be successful in both customer acquisition and customer retention, Albanian insurance companies must focus in the factors identified in this research in order to influence customer loyalty and adjust their marketing strategies accordingly. The importance of the study consists on the lack of any similar research that looks at customer satisfaction, retention, and reasons for customer loss in the Albanian insurance sector. These variables have not been studied together previously. As a result, the findings of this study may serve as a starting point for other studies in the Albanian insurance sector.","PeriodicalId":44272,"journal":{"name":"Terra Economicus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89757920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of financial technology in Albania","authors":"Ismet Voka, Filipos Ruxho","doi":"10.58944/btun9628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/btun9628","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis on the use of financial technology in Albania. Fintech is a term dedicated to financial technology in the digital age. The diversity of this technological solution brings with it the promise of faster, cheaper, more secure and transparent financial transactions through the internet. Fintech business model is the specific application of Fintech in economics and financial fields. This enables users to perform financial transactions remotely, which improves the efficiency of banking transactions and saves customers time. The constant shifts towards e-commerce, digital payments, instant payments, cash substitutes have increased significantly nowadays. The document describes the policy implications regarding the promotion of relevant institutional policies in relation to increasing the use of Fintech in the country.","PeriodicalId":44272,"journal":{"name":"Terra Economicus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75246204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of Covid 19 - Behavioral approaches on the financial well-being, theoretical concepts","authors":"Irini Goga, Mikel Qafa","doi":"10.58944/lteq8360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/lteq8360","url":null,"abstract":"With many businesses unable to operate normally due to widespread government-imposed lockdowns, people confront a reshape of their financial behavior. In this article we review literature to analyze the theoretical foundations of financial well-being. The ongoing current worldwide recession worries about inadequate savings, consumerism and debt accumulation are all contributing to the increase in financial stress. We follow a qualitative-descriptive method based on a broad literature review and chronological analysis. This study will contribute to favor of establishing a theory of financial well-being to define, measure, and analyze it comprehensively. The creativity of this work lies in describing and contrasting several theoretical foundations together instead of addressing them separately. Our results are of interest to those involved in research about financial well-being, subjective well-being, and the economics of happiness.","PeriodicalId":44272,"journal":{"name":"Terra Economicus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89018722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retirement Planning Attitude in a Financial Behavior Perscpective. Case of Albania","authors":"Elona Shehu, Blerta Molishti","doi":"10.58944/nrte1597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/nrte1597","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, an issue that is becoming more and more prominent and is receiving attention from everyone is retirement planning. Retirement planning behavior is defined as the behavior of individuals toward the design of planning schemes, which has emerged in recent years from research in behavioral economics (financial behavior).Studies carried out time ago have shown that the realization of a planning has brought impacts both on saving behavior and on portfolio selection. Also, it is emphasized by the researchers in this field that there are some very relevant factors, which help the retirement planning behaviour. The main purpose of this paper is to get acquainted with the behavioral theory, then research and determine the factors that influence planning behavior and readiness for retirement, seeing and analyzing this whole “phenomenon” in basis of division of different age groups for individuals employed in our country. The factors highlighted by the research are financial literacy, saving attitude, future orientation. Methodological research approach of data generation is the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, which was realized by developing a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire is divided into two sections respectively and is completed by 164 respondents with a variety of professional backgrounds. From the empirical data collected and the analysis carried out, it is concluded that the middle age group (36-50 years old) shows a greater approach in the planning behavior of savings for retirement readiness. As well as from the review of the literature, it is concluded that there is a positive correlation between the planning behavior of individuals and the aforementioned factors.","PeriodicalId":44272,"journal":{"name":"Terra Economicus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81477413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural changes of the agriculture in Korça region, aiming the sustainable development","authors":"A. Maho, Ferdinant Maho","doi":"10.58944/vgws6701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/vgws6701","url":null,"abstract":"Korça region is characterized by advantageous essential factors such as large areas of the fertile soil, a fresh clime, high possibilities for watering, excellent tradition of the distinguished farmers, intellectual resources etc. Agriculture – The economic sector that contributes over 24% of the GDP; • 50% of the employees work in this sector; • 52% of the population lives in rural areas. The aim of this paper is to analyze the current situation of the agriculture sector in Korça region. What are some of the structural changes of the agriculture after the privatization and the transformations of the social system. The structural changes for the agriculture in Korça region have occurred based on the analysis of the economic indicators. The farmers, in fact, are the protagonist of a transition, i.e the transformation from a conventional agriculture and productive to a sustainable and eco-compatible agriculture. The necessary elements for the development of a sustainable agriculture are not only biological or technical, but also social, economic and political and they explain the adequate needs for establishing a sustainable society.","PeriodicalId":44272,"journal":{"name":"Terra Economicus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74778019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The insurance market in Albania, the degree of concentration, and consequences on the economy","authors":"Elisa Korsita, Elvin S. Meka","doi":"10.58944/wbfs2351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/wbfs2351","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the insurance market in Albania, its level of concentration, and somehow to answer the question whether it impacts the country’s economy. The study analyzed how the insurance system in Albania has evolved, and more specifically, how the situation and progress of the insurance market in Albania is presented in the last 5 years (2016-2021), and how the degree of concentration of the insurance market in Albania is presented and what contribution it makes to the national economy of Albania. The study hypothesized that, in the insurance market in Albania, we still cannot say that we have optimal competition, as we still have a high degree of concentration, and that this factor has also influenced the weight of the insurance market in the economy of Albania. Throughout the study, the qualitative methodology was used, through the case study, from where, statistical processing and the comparative method was used as a method. The study concluded that within the insurance market in Albania, we still cannot say that we have fair competition, as we still have a high degree of concentration, and that this factor has begun to affect the weight of the insurance market in the economy in Albania. It is recommended that the AMF work more towards stabilizing competition and the degree of concentration of the insurance market in Albania, stabilizing the price level.","PeriodicalId":44272,"journal":{"name":"Terra Economicus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81816483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necessity for a Grand Strategy","authors":"Blendi Lami, Kristaq Xharo","doi":"10.58944/bvvv9511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/bvvv9511","url":null,"abstract":"Articulations of notions such as “infringement of sovereignty”, “national union”, “national strategy” or “power capacities” should be done with great prudence by Albanian policy makers. Declarations of Albanian actors have also a direct impact on the behavior of international factor. Declarations of this nature must be filtered first in the “laboratory” of a national – or even grand strategy. Albanian national power determines the behavior of states such as Albania and Kosova. National power is the most popular “currency” for communication in International Relations. Each state uses its power to secure its interests in the international arena. The nature of this struggle for power can only be examined through an analysis of power competition with other nations. No nation can punch above its weight in international relations first and foremost without considering alliances. In this context, this article aims to shed light on the weight of a small state in the international arena, which can be determined by a national strategy. This article concludes that the Albanian geopolitical space need a Grand Strategy and small countries like Albania and Kosova must harmonize their foreign policy with its strategic allies.","PeriodicalId":44272,"journal":{"name":"Terra Economicus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82015601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public policy at times of pandemic","authors":"Anjeza Xhaferaj, K. Bello","doi":"10.58944/lqdw4699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/lqdw4699","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is an attempt to analyse the benefits that remote work could bring in the development of the country. It is organized in three parts. In the first part it engages with the concept of public policy, how it is shaped and should be done to make visible problems that need to be addressed. The second part analysis the benefits of teleworking and potential models for city organization and population distribution to support country development. The last part analyses the case of Albania to discover that remote work, demography, and country development are concepts not yet analysed in connection for exploring the benefits they could bring. The paper concludes that government should invest in developing human resources in the field of digitalisation, so that the number of employees who could telework and companies that could use that expertise is increased. In this way, companies and staff do not necessarily need to locate in the capital or big cities but could locate in medium size cities and periphery. This would contribute to the development of currently neglected areas and decrease living expenses in big cities, making thus more affordable the life for the low-income workers. In doing so, not only the living conditions will improve but the gap between centre and periphery will narrow down and lead to a better distribution of economic benefits across country.","PeriodicalId":44272,"journal":{"name":"Terra Economicus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87254068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A synthesis of the current situation of University-Industry cooperation in Albania following the Triple Helix Model","authors":"Ketrina Çabiri Mijo, Ermira Qosja","doi":"10.58944/krhx8923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/krhx8923","url":null,"abstract":"Albanian universities face a variety of challenges which reflect the national and international factors in the political, social, and economic sphere. On one hand Universities shouldestablish high teaching standards whichequip students with necessary competences requested by the labour marketand on the other hand they should play an important role in boosting innovation within industries through scientific research, to impact the economic development of the county. The goal of this research is to analyse the existing collaboration among universities and the industry in Albania, from the perspective of universities and companies. This research uses a qualitative methodology, based on the questionnaires of work page 1 of the KALCEA project. In total, the sample consists of 43 respondents, 16 of which are university senior management staff and 27 leaders/administrators and senior managers of large Albanian companies. Findings of the paper indicate that cooperation between Universities and industry do exist and is claimed as important by both parties. However, it still lacks strategic plannings and structural approaches which establish, inter alia, the necessary culture of synergy and common innovative product.","PeriodicalId":44272,"journal":{"name":"Terra Economicus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84966653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}