{"title":"Doris Lessing, Antipsychiatry, and Bodies that Matter","authors":"K. Myler","doi":"10.1215/0041462x-7995634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-7995634","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In The Golden Notebook (1962), The Four-Gated City (1969), and Briefing for a Descent into Hell (1971), Doris Lessing examines the inadequacies of traditional models of madness and considers in their stead an antipsychiatric model championed by R. D. Laing. While ostensibly the three novels strive to conceive of madness in terms of Laing's antipsychiatric thought, this article will argue that they in fact serve to reveal that Laing's \"lived body\" (but gender-neutral) theory of schizophrenia failed to account for the discursively constructed, \"inscribed\" bodies of Lessing's female characters. Lessing's madness novels deconstruct Laing's phallocentric approach to schizophrenia by rewriting his theory of madness as a gendered and embodied experience.","PeriodicalId":44252,"journal":{"name":"TWENTIETH CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"82 1","pages":"437 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83251109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Profile Epistemologies, Racializing Surveillance, and Affective Counterstrategies in Claudia Rankine's Citizen","authors":"Katherine D. Johnston","doi":"10.1215/0041462x-7995590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-7995590","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:\"Profile Epistemologies, Racializing Surveillance, and Affective Counterstrategies in Claudia Rankine's Citizen\" contextualizes contemporary data profiling and social sorting within the history of racial discrimination, surveillance, and biometrics. Through close readings of Rankine's Citizen: An American Lyric, the article explores the ideologies inherent in a supposedly neutral profile epistemology, which maintains, for example, that \"data speaks for itself\" and that \"if you have nothing to hide, you have nothing to fear.\" Linking the truth claims of data surveillance to histories of racial profiling and respectability politics, it analyzes how profile epistemology remains dependent on white supremacy, demonstrating how critical race theory, affect theory, and poetry can open up forms of oppositional looking to undermine the ostensible objectivity of data.","PeriodicalId":44252,"journal":{"name":"TWENTIETH CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"12 10 1","pages":"343 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90174112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Modernist Corpse: Posthumanism and the Posthumous by Erin E. Edwards (review)","authors":"Clint C. Wilson","doi":"10.1215/0041462x-7995717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-7995717","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44252,"journal":{"name":"TWENTIETH CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"82 1","pages":"473 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72712609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multidirectional Rememory: Slavery and the Holocaust in John A. Williams’s Clifford’s Blues","authors":"Mark A. Tabone","doi":"10.1215/0041462x-7852053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-7852053","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article focuses on the representation of history in African American author John A. Williams’s 1999 novel, Clifford’s Blues, a fictional account of a Black, queer American expatriate’s internment and enslavement in a Nazi concentration camp. Through a critical perspective that incorporates the imaginative recovery of (often silenced) history that Toni Morrison (1987) called “rememory,” along with what Holocaust scholar Michael Rothberg (2009) calls “multidirectional memory,” this article details Williams’s daring exploration of spaces of overlap between the histories of American slavery, Jim Crow, and the Nazi Holocaust. The article demonstrates how the novel’s unconventional and controversial emplotment allows Williams to create a distinctive historical critique not only of slavery and the Holocaust but, more broadly, of otherization, racialized violence, and modernity itself, while making a number of historiographic interventions. These include inscribing a largely absent history of the experience of Black people affected by the Holocaust and the mapping of theretofore underacknowledged resonances between American and German ideologies and practices. Through its transnational, transcultural “multidirectionality,” the novel opens up a broad, structural critique of apartheid everywhere; however, this article also argues that the novel also offers models for liberatory communities of resistance. The article demonstrates how Williams accomplishes this through his novel’s allegorical and literal use of the blues.","PeriodicalId":44252,"journal":{"name":"TWENTIETH CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"116 1","pages":"191 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91210815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“The Ingenious Unravelling of Evidence”: Empathy, Extinction, and Wells’s The Croquet Player","authors":"Helena Feder","doi":"10.1215/0041462x-7852086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-7852086","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:While we are increasingly challenged to imagine a world without humans, we have also become increasingly attentive to the subject of empathy, in popular culture, the humanities, and the sciences. In The Time Machine (1895), and a number of essays on evolution or extinction, H. G. Wells articulated a speculative evolutionary theory, a vision of nature unencumbered by everyday anthropocentricism. His little-known 1936 novella, The Croquet Player, continues his evolutionary story of humanity by turning to the future’s entanglement with the past and culture’s entanglement with nature. Prescient, Wells’s novella speaks to the parallel phenomena entangled in the strange relation between extinction and empathy.","PeriodicalId":44252,"journal":{"name":"TWENTIETH CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"24 1","pages":"261 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80412969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Twentieth-Century Literature’s Andrew J. Kappel Prize in Literary Criticism, 2019","authors":"Michele Elam","doi":"10.1215/0041462x-7852042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-7852042","url":null,"abstract":"The winner of this year’s prize is Mark A. Tabone’s “Multidirectional Rememory: Slavery and the Holocaust in John A. Williams’s Clifford’s Blues.” The judge is Michele Elam. Elam’s scholarship and teaching in interdisciplinary humanities research spans literature and social science in order to examine changing cultural interpretations of gender and race. Her most recent scholarship is especially interested in how racial perception impacts outcomes for health, wealth, and social justice.","PeriodicalId":44252,"journal":{"name":"TWENTIETH CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"126 1","pages":"187 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80009508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flannery O’Connor, the Phenomenology of Race, and the Institutions of Irony","authors":"Benjamin Mangrum","doi":"10.1215/0041462x-7852075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-7852075","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay argues that the representation of race in O’Connor’s short story “The Artificial Nigger” (1955) owes a debt to the continental tradition of phenomenology. Rather than being an abstract philosophical position, this debt signals O’Connor’s self-positioning within the postwar institutions facilitating the production and consumption of literary fiction. In particular, O’Connor’s engagement with the phenomenological tradition and her use of irony are interrelated attempts to negotiate her position within the creative writing institutions of the postwar literary marketplace. O’Connor’s story thus uses irony and philosophical self-inquiry as attempts to disentangle the narrative from the systems and norms of the program era. How should we understand O’Connor’s attempts to negotiate the institutionality of her fiction? And what are the racial politics of using an “artificial” stereotype as a symbol for artistic self-reflexivity? By addressing such issues in O’Connor’s work, this essay in turn poses questions for the discipline and institutionalized procedures of literary criticism.","PeriodicalId":44252,"journal":{"name":"TWENTIETH CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"40 1","pages":"237 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88709400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using the Rotted Names: Wallace Stevens’s Racial Ontology as Poetic Key","authors":"Mark Mayer","doi":"10.1215/0041462x-7852064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-7852064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay takes up Adrienne Rich’s unexplained assertion that Wallace Stevens’s racial and racist language is a “key to the whole” of his poetry. Focusing mostly on Stevens’s 1941 diptych “The News and the Weather,” the essay begins an anthology of critical approaches to the racial Stevens, the language of which has been read as a device by which white protagonism defines itself in opposition to characteristics marked as “black,” as a “blackface” critique of white gentility, and as a melancholic attempt to locate the limits of the white imagination. Reviewing and critiquing such theses, the essay argues that Stevens’s speakers seek in blackness a figure for their own nonbeing and thus speak of blackness in language in which its own fullness of being is denied. This reading, then, interrogates how Stevens’s poetics rely not just on racial difference but on the dehumanization created by the language with which that difference is enforced.","PeriodicalId":44252,"journal":{"name":"TWENTIETH CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"59 1","pages":"217 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78855946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contemporary Drift: Genre, Historicism, and the Problem of the Present by Theodore Martin, and:Minor Characters Have Their Day: Genre and the Contemporary Literary Marketplace by Jeremy Rosen (review)","authors":"Mitchum Huehls","doi":"10.1215/0041462x-7852097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-7852097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44252,"journal":{"name":"TWENTIETH CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"12 1","pages":"289 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86233679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orhan Pamuk and the Good of World Literature by Gloria Fisk (review)","authors":"Meltem Gürle","doi":"10.1215/0041462x-7852244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-7852244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44252,"journal":{"name":"TWENTIETH CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"299 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82697485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}