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Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium最新文献

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Tighter timing predictions by automatic detection and exploitation of value-dependent constraints 通过自动检测和利用依赖于值的约束来进行更严格的时间预测
Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium Pub Date : 1999-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777663
Christopher A. Healy, D. Whalley
{"title":"Tighter timing predictions by automatic detection and exploitation of value-dependent constraints","authors":"Christopher A. Healy, D. Whalley","doi":"10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777663","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the worst case execution time (WCET) of a real time program is a challenging task. Though much progress has been made in obtaining tighter timing predictions by using techniques that model the architectural features of a machine, significant overestimations of WCET can still occur. Even with perfect architectural modeling, dependencies on data values can constrain the outcome of conditional branches and the corresponding set of paths that can be taken in a program. While value-dependent constraint information has been used in the past by some timing analyzers, it has typically been specified manually, which is both tedious and error prone. The paper describes efficient techniques for automatically detecting value-dependent constraints by a compiler and automatically exploiting these constraints within a timing analyzer. The result is tighter timing analysis predictions without requiring additional interaction with a user.","PeriodicalId":442272,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126783745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 49
The design and performance of a real-time I/O subsystem 实时I/O子系统的设计与性能
Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium Pub Date : 1999-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777670
F. Kuhns, D. Schmidt, D. Levine
{"title":"The design and performance of a real-time I/O subsystem","authors":"F. Kuhns, D. Schmidt, D. Levine","doi":"10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777670","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the design and performance of a real time I/O (RIO) subsystem that supports real time applications running on off-the-shelf hardware and software. The paper provides two contributions to the study of real time I/O subsystems. First it describes how RIO supports end-to-end, prioritized traffic to bound the I/O utilization of each priority class and eliminates the key sources of priority inversion in I/O subsystems. Second, it illustrates how a real time I/O subsystem can reduce latency bounds on end-to-end communication between high-priority clients without unduly penalizing low priority and best-effort clients.","PeriodicalId":442272,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126407721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 72
A dynamic real-time benchmark for assessment of QoS and resource management technology 一个动态的实时基准评估的QoS和资源管理技术
Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium Pub Date : 1999-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777659
L. Welch, B. Shirazi
{"title":"A dynamic real-time benchmark for assessment of QoS and resource management technology","authors":"L. Welch, B. Shirazi","doi":"10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777659","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents DynBench, a benchmark suite that is representative of the emerging generation of dynamic real time distributed systems. The characteristics and architecture of the benchmark application suite are described. Additionally, the paper discusses the DynBench environment, which includes: (1) a technique for specification of \"repeatable\" dynamic execution scenarios; (2) mechanisms for control (start, stop, replicate and move) of the benchmark applications; (3) interfaces for collection of QoS metrics from the benchmark applications; and (4) an infrastructure for collection of metrics for assessment of adaptive resource management algorithms. The effectiveness of the benchmark for discriminating between good and bad QoS and resource management algorithms is shown via extensive experimentation.","PeriodicalId":442272,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium","volume":"20 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132152870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
Portable RK: a portable resource kernel for guaranteed and enforced timing behavior 可移植RK:用于保证和强制计时行为的可移植资源内核
Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium Pub Date : 1999-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777666
S. Oikawa, R. Rajkumar
{"title":"Portable RK: a portable resource kernel for guaranteed and enforced timing behavior","authors":"S. Oikawa, R. Rajkumar","doi":"10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777666","url":null,"abstract":"Portable RK is a portable implementation of a resource kernel, a resource-centric approach to build a real-time kernel that provides explicit timely, guaranteed, and enforced access by applications to system resources. Portable RK is designed to work with widely available operating systems with minimal changes. This facilitates experimentation in familiar software environments and helps the faster deployment of research results. Execution in resource kernels is directly based on OS-enforced resource reservation. As a result, an application can request the reservation of a certain amount of a resource, and the kernel can guarantee that the requested amount is available to that application in timely fashion. We describe the design and implementation of Portable RK called Linux/RK that resides within the Linux kernel. The evaluation results show that Portable RK in the form of Linux/RK gives direct control over timely resource utilization by applications and that its overhead costs are small enough to be negligible.","PeriodicalId":442272,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117303450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 129
Statistical real-time communication over Ethernet for manufacturing automation systems 用于制造自动化系统的以太网统计实时通信
Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium Pub Date : 1999-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777672
Seok-Kyu Kweon, K. Shin, Q. Zheng
{"title":"Statistical real-time communication over Ethernet for manufacturing automation systems","authors":"Seok-Kyu Kweon, K. Shin, Q. Zheng","doi":"10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777672","url":null,"abstract":"In order to realize real time communication over Ethernet or fast Ethernet, one must be able to bound the medium access time within an acceptable limit. The multiple access nature of an Ethernet makes it impossible to guarantee a deterministic medium access time to individual stations. However one can bound the medium access time statistically by limiting the packet arrival rate at the medium access control (MAC) layer. While focusing on automated manufacturing systems as the main application, the paper considers the connection admission control (CAC) problem for statistically bounding the medium access time of Ethernet. Specifically, a packet is guaranteed to have a medium access time smaller than a predefined bound with a certain probability if the instantaneous packet arrival rate is kept below a certain threshold. Through an analysis, we first derived such a threshold. In order to keep the packet arrival rate under the given threshold, we employ a traffic smoother which: (i) is located between the transport layer and the Ethernet datalink layer and (ii) smooths packet streams between the two layers. The implementation of this traffic smoother requires only a minimal change in the OS kernel without any modification to the current standard of Ethernet MAC protocol or TCP or UDP/IP stack. In order to solve the CAC problem, we derived the probability of transmitting a packet successfully upon each trial by modeling the MAC protocol, 1-persistent CSMA/CD, and the collision resolution protocol, Binary Exponential Backoff, of Ethernet. We implemented a traffic smoother on the Linux OS, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach in providing real time communication over Ethernet.","PeriodicalId":442272,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123432492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 79
Comparing the real-time performance of Windows NT to an NT real-time extension 比较Windows NT与NT实时扩展的实时性能
Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium Pub Date : 1999-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777669
K. Obenland, J. Kowalik, T. Frazier, Jin S. Kim
{"title":"Comparing the real-time performance of Windows NT to an NT real-time extension","authors":"K. Obenland, J. Kowalik, T. Frazier, Jin S. Kim","doi":"10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777669","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the dominance of Microsoft(R) Windows(R) in the PC market there is a strong interest in using Windows NT(R) as a platform for real-time process and control systems. This type of solution is very cost effective because applications and development tools are widely available. However, Windows NT was designed as a general purpose operating system and optimizes average not worst case performance. We investigate two methods to bring real-time process and control systems to NT based platforms. We first evaluate NT as-is, using a series of real-time benchmarks, and show that NT use in real-time systems is limited to soft real-time systems where there is low system load. The second approach for developing NT based real-time systems is to add a real-time extension to NT. We evaluate one such product, INtime(R) from RadiSys and conclude that, even under a heavy system load hard real-time determinism is possible.","PeriodicalId":442272,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129982753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
An end-to-end QoS management architecture 端到端QoS管理架构
Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium Pub Date : 1999-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777671
M. Shankar, M. D. Miguel, J. Liu
{"title":"An end-to-end QoS management architecture","authors":"M. Shankar, M. D. Miguel, J. Liu","doi":"10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777671","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a distributed quality of service (QoS) management architecture and middleware that accommodates and manages different dimensions and measures of QoS. The middleware supports the specification, maintenance and adaptation of end-to-end QoS (including temporal requirements) provided by the individual components in complex real time application systems. Using QoS negotiation, the middleware determines the quality levels and resource allocations of the application components. A prototype was implemented to demonstrate its practicality. The paper also discusses how protocol parameters are determined in our architecture and what their performance implications are.","PeriodicalId":442272,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117057118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 76
Static properties of commercial embedded real-time programs, and their implication for worst-case execution time analysis 商业嵌入式实时程序的静态特性及其对最坏情况执行时间分析的意义
Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium Pub Date : 1999-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777660
Jakob Engblom
{"title":"Static properties of commercial embedded real-time programs, and their implication for worst-case execution time analysis","authors":"Jakob Engblom","doi":"10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777660","url":null,"abstract":"We have used a modified C compiler to analyze a large number of commercial real time and embedded applications written in C for 8- and 18-bit processors. Only static aspects of the programs have been studied i.e., such information that can be obtained from the source code without running the programs. The purpose of the study is to provide guidance for the development of worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis tools, and to increase the knowledge about embedded programs in general. Knowing how real programs are written makes it easier to focus research in relevant areas and set priorities. The conclusion is that real time and embedded programs are not necessarily simple just because they are written for small machines. This indicates that real life WCET analysis tools need to handle advanced programming constructions, including function pointer calls and recursion.","PeriodicalId":442272,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127434560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 46
Implementation of a transient-fault-tolerance scheme on DEOS-a technology transfer from an academic system to an industrial system 在deos上实现瞬时容错方案——从学术系统到工业系统的技术转移
Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium Pub Date : 1999-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777661
Libin Dong, R. Melhem, D. Mossé, Sunondo Ghosh, W. Heimerdinger, Aaron Larson
{"title":"Implementation of a transient-fault-tolerance scheme on DEOS-a technology transfer from an academic system to an industrial system","authors":"Libin Dong, R. Melhem, D. Mossé, Sunondo Ghosh, W. Heimerdinger, Aaron Larson","doi":"10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777661","url":null,"abstract":"Fault tolerance is important in real time systems where correct execution of tasks must satisfy certain temporal constraints. Since transient faults occur more frequently than permanent faults, the paper focuses on a transient fault tolerance algorithm, FTRMS. The FORTS group of the University of Pittsburgh derived the FTRMS algorithm and implemented it on FT-RT-Mach. The same mechanism is transferred to a commercial system, DEOS, at the Honeywell Technology Center. By describing and contrasting the implementation of FTRMS on the two systems, the paper illustrates the difference between an academic system and an industrial system. An application example shows the effect of the new transient fault tolerance scheme on the system.","PeriodicalId":442272,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131287578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Experiences using RT-Linux to implement a controller for a high speed magnetic bearing system 利用RT-Linux实现高速磁轴承系统控制器的经验
Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium Pub Date : 1999-06-02 DOI: 10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777667
M. Humphrey, E. Hilton, P. Allaire
{"title":"Experiences using RT-Linux to implement a controller for a high speed magnetic bearing system","authors":"M. Humphrey, E. Hilton, P. Allaire","doi":"10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777667","url":null,"abstract":"Control systems based on embedded DSP boards often require specialized programming and development tools, lack interoperability with standardized architectures and tools, lack flexibility when computational requirements change, and are often relatively expensive. A potentially attractive alternative is to implement the control system using RT-Linux, a free modification to Linux intended to support hard real-time computation. The combination of RT-Linux and commodity PCs offer low-cost development that results in flexible and reusable code that satisfies performance requirements. This paper describes a case study in the use of RT-Linux for implementing a control system for a high speed magnetic bearing system. Experiences designing the software architecture, defining the timing requirements of the control tasks, implementing the control tasks in RT-Linux, and measuring the predictability of RT-Linux for this application are discussed. Insights provided by the paper can be used as guidelines for other hard real-time system developers considering using RT-Linux.","PeriodicalId":442272,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115092141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
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