TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic)最新文献

Determining Terrorism Proxies for the Relationship with Tourism Demand: A Global View 确定恐怖主义代理与旅游需求的关系:全球视角

TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic) Pub Date : 2021-04-17 DOI: 10.3727/108354221X16186299762089

Stathis Polyzos, Georgia Papadopoulou, A. Fotiadis

{"title":"Determining Terrorism Proxies for the Relationship with Tourism Demand: A Global View","authors":"Stathis Polyzos, Georgia Papadopoulou, A. Fotiadis","doi":"10.3727/108354221X16186299762089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/108354221X16186299762089","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the determinants of the relationship between terrorism and tourism, by testing different proxies to assess both the frequency and the severity of terrorist activity. The methodological approach includes implementing Principal Component Analysis into four different sets of possible proxies for terrorism in order to examine their relationship with international tourism arrivals over the period 1998-2018. The dataset includes world tourist flows and terrorist incidents anywhere in the world in order to avoid regional effects. The empirical results show that all candidate proxies exhibit a long-run, negative relationship with tourism, while there is also an impact of tourism on terrorism, with conflicting directions between the short run and the long run. The findings suggest that increased terrorist activity may cause destination substitution in the short run but will have adverse effects in the long run. In addition, authorities should be prepared for a rise in terrorist incidents during periods with increased tourist flows. Finally, research on terrorism should take into account the qualitative characteristics of terrorist activities.","PeriodicalId":442107,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129537015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Sécurité Routière Des Flottes Et Des Conducteurs De Véhicules Lourds (Road Safety for Fleets and Drivers of Trucks) 车队和重型车辆司机的道路安全(车队和卡车司机的道路安全)

TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3668549

Georges Dionne, Denis Desjardins, Jean-François Angers

引用次数: 0

Best Practice Standards and Methodology for Crane Operator Training — A Global Perspective 起重机操作员培训的最佳实践标准和方法-全球视角

TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-05-09 DOI: 10.4236/jtts.2020.103017

Richard Skiba

{"title":"Best Practice Standards and Methodology for Crane Operator Training — A Global Perspective","authors":"Richard Skiba","doi":"10.4236/jtts.2020.103017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2020.103017","url":null,"abstract":"Crane operators control mobile or stationary cranes to lift, move and place objects at locations such as building and construction sites, wharves and shipyards. This activity occurs all over the world and is a high risk task with many noted examples of serious incidents and accidents. There are identifiable key causes that have been noted through analysis of the well documented cases and many of these causes are preventable through effective training programs. Internationally, there are not currently consistent approaches to crane operator training program content or duration. Leading causes of crane accidents are firstly discussed and identified as areas for inclusion in training programs. A number of current training approaches from a range of countries are then considered and these are used to outline the basis of a generic competency standard for crane operation, as it was found that there are not common standards in place. The proposed competency standard can be adapted by training regulators, training providers, government agencies, industry bodies and enterprises as a benchmark for the development of effective training programs.","PeriodicalId":442107,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128442211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Disanalogical Discourse on Trolley Problem for Autonomous Vehicles 自动驾驶汽车有轨电车问题的反类比论述

TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-03-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3563378

M. Mukhopadhyay, Kaushik Ghosh, Abhisita Chakraborty, Malay Goswami

{"title":"Disanalogical Discourse on Trolley Problem for Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"M. Mukhopadhyay, Kaushik Ghosh, Abhisita Chakraborty, Malay Goswami","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3563378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3563378","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous vehicles promise to be safer than manually driven counterpart. Yet they are still to become completely safe. Collisions are practically unavoidable. So autonomous vehicles need to be algorithmically modeled for how they ought to respond to scenarios where collisions are highly probable or inevitable. The accident-scenarios autonomous vehicles might face have been frequently linked to dilemmas associated with the trolley problem. In this review article, we critically examine this ubiquitous analogy. We observe three basic concerns in which the ethics behind accident algorithms for autonomous vehicles and the philosophy of trolley problem differ: \u0000 \u0000a. The algorithmic design follows a stakeholder model or an agency model. \u0000 \u0000b. Legal framework and moral responsibilities. \u0000 \u0000c. Modelling low-latency decision-making in the face of uncertainty and risk. \u0000 \u0000By reviewing these three areas of dis-analogy, we identify that Trolley Problem is an abstract problem that is of low relevance to the real-life situation of a crash scenario of autonomous vehicle. Every crash scenario is unique to the people it affects, both passenger and pedestrian. Care Ethics seems to be more suitable approach for such phenomenon as its result adapts to context of the real-life.","PeriodicalId":442107,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic)","volume":"117 15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126404836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Not All Crashes Are Created Equal: Associations Between the Built Environment and Disparities in Bicycle Collisions 并非所有的车祸都是平等的:建筑环境与自行车碰撞差异之间的联系

TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-10-22 DOI: 10.5198/JTLU.2018.1145

Jesus M. Barajas

{"title":"Not All Crashes Are Created Equal: Associations Between the Built Environment and Disparities in Bicycle Collisions","authors":"Jesus M. Barajas","doi":"10.5198/JTLU.2018.1145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5198/JTLU.2018.1145","url":null,"abstract":"Historically disadvantaged populations are disproportionately represented in bicycle crashes. Previous research has found that Black and Hispanic bicyclists and areas with higher populations of non-White residents, lower median income, and high poverty experience bicycle crashes more frequently than others. Although existing research has explored the role of socioeconomic status and the built environment in predicting crash frequency, few scholars have studied how these factors account for disparities along racial and ethnic lines. Using a database of 7,088 bicycle crashes over a three-year period in the San Francisco Bay Area, this study examines the influence of socioeconomic, transportation, and land-use characteristics as potential causes of differences in bicycle crash occurrences among racial and ethnic groups in the San Francisco Bay Area. While areas of high poverty and high land-use intensity are associated with higher numbers of bicycle crashes overall, lower-traffic streets and bicycle infrastructure do not affect the frequency of crashes involving Black and Hispanic cyclists. Black bicyclists have a disproportionate risk of being involved in a crash in poor urban neighborhoods, controlling for other factors. These findings draw attention to the need for planners to consider how socioeconomic differences and vulnerability at the neighborhood level play a role in safety.","PeriodicalId":442107,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133053202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Asymmetric Information in Automobile Insurance: Evidence from Driving Behavior 汽车保险中的信息不对称:来自驾驶行为的证据

TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-09-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2048478

Alois Geyer, Daniela Kremslehner, Alexander Muermann

引用次数: 29

Norwegian Authorities’ Advice on Western Sahara and Norwegian Vessels’ Complicity in Human Rights Violations: Fish Oil and Phosphates from Western Sahara 挪威当局对西撒哈拉和挪威船只共谋侵犯人权的建议:来自西撒哈拉的鱼油和磷酸盐

TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-08-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1924805

H. M. Haugen

{"title":"Norwegian Authorities’ Advice on Western Sahara and Norwegian Vessels’ Complicity in Human Rights Violations: Fish Oil and Phosphates from Western Sahara","authors":"H. M. Haugen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1924805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1924805","url":null,"abstract":"Based on Western Sahara’s status as a non-self-governing territory and the rights of peoples in such territories over their natural resources, the article analyzes the Norwegian policy on Norwegian business enterprises relating to Western Sahara. In addition to relevant treaties and resolutions, the article will assess the scope of the revised OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, both adopted in 2011. In both the OECD and UN non-binding standards, enterprises are asked to undertake a human rights due diligence and to prevent adverse human rights impacts that are directly linked to their operations, products or services by their business relationships. While the fact that Norway has listed Western Sahara as an exceptional case in its 2009 White Paper on CSR, and made available an explicit ‘dissuasion,’ the text of this dissuasion is far from perfect. First, the text does not refer to international law, but rather refers to the ‘situation’ in Western Sahara. Second, the central feature of the text is whether or not the economic activities promotes the ‘interests of the local population,’ rather than the rights and wishes of the peoples of the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara. The statement, policies, rejections and secrecy of specific Norwegian companies are also analyzed, showing that some of these companies simply chose to ignore the impact of their conduct for the original peoples (the Saharawis) – even if there will be some Saharawis who have substantial financial benefits. This is in clear contradiction to the duty to undertake human rights due diligence and to prevent a negative impact on human rights resulting from their operations, as specified in the OECD and UN standards.","PeriodicalId":442107,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130077518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combating 'Maritime Terrorism' Off the Coast of Somalia 打击索马里沿海的“海上恐怖主义”

TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1735401

A. Shortland, Marc Vothknecht

引用次数: 1

Fast Pragmatic Safety Decisions: Analysis of an Event Review Team of the Aviation Safety Action Partnership (ASAP) 快速务实的安全决策:航空安全行动伙伴关系(ASAP)事件审查小组分析

TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-04-23 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1122882

J. Ganter

{"title":"Fast Pragmatic Safety Decisions: Analysis of an Event Review Team of the Aviation Safety Action Partnership (ASAP)","authors":"J. Ganter","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1122882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1122882","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial aviation has become safe as a result of procedures and technologies that control well known hazards. Further safety improvements will require the identification of subtle and changing hazards in the combined realm of airspace, technology, commerce, and human behavior. The preconditions for a disaster may arise from the combined effects of a particular airport approach, air traffic control policies, and aircraft crew training. The potential may be revealed just once, in a near miss that a highly skilled pilot is able to avert. Yet, because such discoveries are often related to human error, personnel are reluctant to come forward for fear of blame and punishment. With the Aviation Safety Action Programs (ASAP), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is developing a nonpunitive collaborative approach that supplements traditional regulatory actions. An ASAP team is a triad composed of air carrier (corporate), pilot association (union), and FAA (regulatory) personnel who meet to review, discuss, and analyze event reports submitted voluntarily by flight personnel. The team is required to reach unanimous consensus on the event report and the corrective actions to be taken. Our analysis suggests they do so through a hierarchy of shared values, a working buffer to exclude distractions, and sideband communications that build trust. ASAP appears to be a highly effective cultural mechanism for identifying novel and subtle hazards,and designing rapid, mutually acceptable corrective actions.","PeriodicalId":442107,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129466120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Driving Under the (Cellular) Influence: The Link between Cell Phone Use and Vehicle Crashes 在(手机)影响下驾驶:手机使用与车辆碰撞之间的联系

TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1089081

Saurabh Bhargava, V. Pathania

{"title":"Driving Under the (Cellular) Influence: The Link between Cell Phone Use and Vehicle Crashes","authors":"Saurabh Bhargava, V. Pathania","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1089081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1089081","url":null,"abstract":"The link between cell phone use while driving and crash risk has in recent years become an area of active research. The most notable of the over 125 studies has concluded that cell phones produce a four-fold increase in relative crash risk--comparable to that produced by illicit levels of alcohol. In response, policy makers in fourteen states have either partially or fully restricted driver cell phone use. We investigate the causal link between cellular usage and crash rates by exploiting a natural experiment induced by a popular feature of cell phone plans in recent years--the discontinuity in marginal pricing at 9 pm on weekdays when plans transition from peak to off-peak pricing. We first document a jump in call volume of about 20-30% at peak to off-peak switching times for two large samples of callers from 2000-2001 and 2005. Using a double difference estimator which uses the era prior to price switching as a control (as well as weekends as a second control), we find no evidence for a rise in crashes after 9 pm on weekdays from 2002-2005. The 95% CI of the estimates rules out any increase in all crashes larger than .9% and any increase larger than 2.4% for fatal crashes. These estimates are at odds with the crash risks implied by the existing research. We confirm our results with three additional empirical approaches--we compare trends in cell phone ownership and crashes across areas of contiguous economic activity over time, investigate whether differences in urban versus rural crash rates mirror identified gaps in urban-rural cellular ownership, and finally estimate the impact of legislation banning driver cell phone use on crash rates. None of the additional analyses produces evidence for a positive link between cellular use and vehicle crashes.","PeriodicalId":442107,"journal":{"name":"TransportRN: Transportation Safety & Security (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129135049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8