E. Erdogan-Ciftci, E. van Doorslaer, Ángel López Nicolás
{"title":"Health, Financial Incentives and Retirement in Spain","authors":"E. Erdogan-Ciftci, E. van Doorslaer, Ángel López Nicolás","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1277145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1277145","url":null,"abstract":"textabstractWe estimate the impact of health and financial incentives on the retirement transitions of older workers in Spain. Individual measures of pension wealth, peak and accrual values are constructed using labor market histories and health shocks are derived as changes in a composite health stock measure over time. We examine labour market exits into both old age retirement and a broader definition of retirement including inactivity, while controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. We find that pension wealth, accrual and peak value are significant determinants of retirement decisions, although their effect is weaker in the case of the broad definition of retirement. Initial health stock shows a significant impact on both definitions of retirement. Only large negative health shocks have a significant effect on the probability of entering the broader definition of retirement. Unlike previous literature, we find that (i) financial incentives, when measured adequately, exert a greater impact on retirement behaviour than health shocks, and (ii) initial health stock plays a more important role than health shocks in determining retirement decisions. We also perform simulations of a recently enacted reform of pension incentives and show how its expected effects compare to those of health improvements.","PeriodicalId":441838,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Health Economics eJournal","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122125739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Economics of Pharmaceutical Pricing and Physician Prescribing in Japan","authors":"Toshiaki Iizuka","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1156608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1156608","url":null,"abstract":"A country's pharmaceutical policy is unique, just like its culture. Japan is no exception. Japan has employed a unique dynamic price-control rule that updates regulated retail prices based on the previous period's transaction prices. At the same time, separation of prescribing and dispensing has historically been weak, and the doctor can both purchase and sell a drug to his patient. These policies allowed the physician to earn the price-cost markup, and this appears to have affected physician prescribing. After discussing these features in more detail, I review two recent studies that empirically investigated their impacts on physician prescribing. Ongoing changes in pharmaceutical policy and their expected impacts are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":441838,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Health Economics eJournal","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116446029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Wadhwa, Ben A. Rissing, G. Gereffi, John Trumpbour, P. Engardio
{"title":"The Globalization of Innovation: Pharmaceuticals: Can India and China Cure the Global Pharmaceutical Market","authors":"V. Wadhwa, Ben A. Rissing, G. Gereffi, John Trumpbour, P. Engardio","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1143472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1143472","url":null,"abstract":"Multinational pharmaceutical corporations are searching for means to broaden their capacity for drug development while decreasing costs. Pharmaceutical firms in India and China are increasingly forging partnerships with these corporations to gain revenue and to develop their own expertise. These relationships largely appear to be symbiotic. As a result of the movement of research to their countries, Indian and Chinese scientists are rapidly developing the ability to innovate and create their own intellectual property. Several firms in India and China are performing advanced R&D and are moving into the highest-value segments of the pharmaceutical global value chain.","PeriodicalId":441838,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Health Economics eJournal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115680082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Working for God? Evaluating Service Delivery of Religious Not-for-Profit Health Care Providers in Uganda","authors":"R. Reinikka, J. Svensson","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-3058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3058","url":null,"abstract":"Reinikka and Svensson exploit a unique micro-level data set on primary health care facilities in Uganda to address the question: What motivates religious not-for-profit (RNP) health care providers? The authors use two approaches to identify whether an altruistic (religious) effect exists in the data. First, examining cross-section variation, they show that RNP facilities hire qualified medical staff below the market wage, are more likely to provide propoor services and services with a public good element, and charge lower prices for services than for-profit facilities, although they provide a similar (observable) quality of care. RNP and for-profit facilities both provide better quality care than their government counterparts, although government facilities have better equipment. These findings are consistent with the view that RNP facilities are driven in part by altruistic concerns and that these preferences matter quantitatively. Second, the authors exploit a near natural experiment in which the government initiated a program of financial aid for the RNP sector. They show that financial aid leads to more laboratory testing of suspected malaria and intestinal worm cases, and hence higher quality of service and lower prices, but only in RNP facilities. The findings suggest that working for God matters.","PeriodicalId":441838,"journal":{"name":"Geographic Health Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129096036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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