{"title":"Persistent Nerve Injury and CRPS After Ankle Sprains","authors":"Matthew Pina, J. Messina, Lauren E. Geaney","doi":"10.1097/BTF.0000000000000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BTF.0000000000000314","url":null,"abstract":"A number of patients continue to experience prolonged pain, swelling, instability, and disability after a lateral ankle sprain, which is sufficient to limit their activity. There are several conditions that are misdiagnosed as chronic lateral ligament injury. In this review, we highlight common nerve conditions, with specific attention to the peroneal nerve, and chronic regional pain syndrome that can mimic chronic lateral ligament injury and can cause persistent ankle pain after lateral ankle sprain. We also offer advice for effective diagnosis and treatment of these associated pathologies. Sprained ankle syndrome, as it has been referred to, continues to be an unsolved problem in many, but we hope to better elucidate the diagnostic and treatment dilemma in most of these patients. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.","PeriodicalId":44146,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":"20 1","pages":"2 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47844803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Younger, M. Glazebrook, T. Daniels, K. Wapner, C. DiGiovanni, J. Baumhauer
{"title":"First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Implant Hemiarthroplasty: Current Operative Technique","authors":"A. Younger, M. Glazebrook, T. Daniels, K. Wapner, C. DiGiovanni, J. Baumhauer","doi":"10.1097/BTF.0000000000000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BTF.0000000000000294","url":null,"abstract":"Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel implant hemiarthroplasty for the first metatarsophalangeal joint has been shown to be an effective, safe, motion-preserving, surgical treatment alternative to fusion for hallux rigidus in a level I, randomized controlled trial. To obtain optimal results, however, surgeons must be sure to perform the appropriate surgical technique as well as educate patients regarding pertinent risks, benefits, and the associated recovery process. Achievement of results commensurate with those published in the randomized controlled trial is predicated on an understanding of the various technical aspects of the surgical procedure, such as avoiding excessive heat during reaming, ensuring appropriate implant positioning, and appreciating the need for performing associated procedures when anatomically appropriate, as well as their potential effect on clinical outcome. This paper will review the initial technique described in 2013 and provide key clinical care suggestions resulting from the 10 years of experience with polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel implant hemiarthroplasty for the surgical treatment of hallux rigidus. Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.","PeriodicalId":44146,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":"21 1","pages":"30 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45856800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prospective Randomized Controlled Study on an Innovative Mini-open Technique Versus Standard Percutaneous Technique to Avoid Sural Nerve Injury During Acute Achilles Tendon Repair","authors":"M. Sharaby, M. Abouheif, H. el-Mowafi","doi":"10.1097/BTF.0000000000000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BTF.0000000000000300","url":null,"abstract":"Percutaneous and mini-open repair of the tendo-Achilles have proved good results according to several authors. However, sural nerve injury is one of the most important complications that may be associated with this technique because of either entangling the nerve inside the suture laterally or piercing the nerve with the needle. The authors present a simple and reproducible technique to avoid injury of the sural nerve with the mini-open repair of the Achilles tendon. The patients were split into 2 groups, each consisted of 20 patients. They were randomly allocated using identical envelopes to either treatment by the new modified technique of surgical repair. The study group, and the conventional mini-open technique; the control group. The patients were assessed clinically at 1, 6, 12 months, and at the end of follow-up postoperatively. The outcome was assessed using the Weber Modification of Thermann score. The demographic data and the gap size were comparable between both groups with no statistical significance. The mean Weber Modification of Thermann score For the study group was 86 (range, 80 to 95; SD, 5.062). It was better than that for the control group (mean, 83.25; range, 75 to 90; SD, 4.375). This was statistically significant (P=0.036). None of the cases in group I developed sural nerve injury, whereas 7 cases (35%) in group II developed sural nerve injury, and this was statistically significant (P=0.003*). None of the patients in both groups developed rerupture, surgical site tenderness, or skin-related complications. Our innovative surgical technique permitted avoidance of injury of the sural nerve during mini-open Achilles tendon repair, meanwhile retained all the advantages of the mini-open repair. Level of Evidence: Level I—a prospective randomized clinical trial.","PeriodicalId":44146,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":"20 1","pages":"57 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47560425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Persistent Problems After Ankle Sprains: Surgical Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus","authors":"Oliver B. Hansen, Stephanie K. Eble, M. Drakos","doi":"10.1097/BTF.0000000000000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BTF.0000000000000316","url":null,"abstract":"Ankle sprains are common injuries that can lead to persistent disability and pain for many patients. Such symptoms are often a result of damage to the articular cartilage of the talar dome and the subchondral bone, an injury broadly classified as an osteochondral lesion of the talus. Lesions indicated for surgery can be treated with a range of methods. These generally fall into the categories of reparative treatment, which is suitable for smaller lesions and can typically be performed arthroscopically, or replacement strategies, which can provide superior outcomes for large lesions but often require an open approach. In recent years, many treatment options have incorporated stem cells and other biologics that seek to improve healing. We will provide an overview of indications for the treatment of talar osteochondral lesions and current treatment strategies before discussing our favored technique, outcomes, and potential complications.","PeriodicalId":44146,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":"20 1","pages":"19 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49006798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orthogonal Locked Plating for Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis","authors":"David J. Ciufo, A. Grant","doi":"10.1097/BTF.0000000000000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BTF.0000000000000295","url":null,"abstract":"Management of concomitant tibiotalar and subtalar arthrosis, particularly in the setting of talar avascular necrosis or deformity, is a challenging problem. There are poor union rates and risk of stress fracture at the proximal aspect of intramedullary devices. Fixation can be poor in the calcaneus and talus with current methods. This study describes the technique of orthogonal plating, using an anatomic precontoured plating system, for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis, with and without bulk allograft. We feel this technique provides increased construct stability and good outcomes, and 2 of our cases are presented that underwent arthrodesis using this construct at a single academic center. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic level IV, case series. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.","PeriodicalId":44146,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":"21 1","pages":"40 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47438296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deltoid Ligament Insufficiency","authors":"K. Hynes","doi":"10.1097/BTF.0000000000000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BTF.0000000000000313","url":null,"abstract":"Deltoid ligament insufficiency can be present after an ankle sprain or fracture and in the setting of adult acquired flatfoot. If symptoms of medial ankle instability persist after nonoperative treatment for an ankle sprain, deltoid ligament repair or reconstruction may be indicated. More commonly, deltoid ligament injuries occur at the time of rotational ankle fractures. The indications for acute deltoid ligament repair in the setting of fracture are of great interest and debate. This chapter will review the conditions of deltoid ligament insufficiency in the setting of sprains and fractures including the current state of evidence and technique for operative repair. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.","PeriodicalId":44146,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":"20 1","pages":"6 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48944412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Scarf Osteotomy","authors":"L. Weigelt, G. Heyes, L. Mason, A. Molloy","doi":"10.1097/BTF.0000000000000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BTF.0000000000000311","url":null,"abstract":"The Scarf osteotomy is one of the most widely used techniques for hallux valgus deformity correction. We present a literature review on the evolution of this technique and our results with a specific remark to flat foot deformity as a risk factor for the recurrence of hallux valgus deformity. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.","PeriodicalId":44146,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":"20 1","pages":"200 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46807605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. O’Donnell, J. Vaughn, Adam Sangeorzan, Kenneth W Defontes, E. Bluman
{"title":"Surgical Strategies: Cement Spacer for Staged First Metatarsophalangeal Arthrodesis After Failed Arthroplasty","authors":"S. O’Donnell, J. Vaughn, Adam Sangeorzan, Kenneth W Defontes, E. Bluman","doi":"10.1097/BTF.0000000000000252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BTF.0000000000000252","url":null,"abstract":"Revision arthrodesis following surgery for first metatarsophalangeal arthritis (hallux rigidus) is a complex problem. Failed implants, arthroplasty, primary fusion, or infection may result in bone loss with abnormal soft tissue tensions. This requires technically challenging revision surgery necessitating debridement of nonviable bone, culture, and bone grafting of resultant defects. We describe a 2-stage technique for first metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis in the setting of osteolysis, infection, or bone loss. This staged technique allows for the restoration of appropriate soft tissue tension through the use of a temporary cement spacer before structural grafting.","PeriodicalId":44146,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43891713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. R. Nishikawa, F. Duarte, G. Saito, A. Monteiro, C. Netto, M. Prado
{"title":"Minimally Invasive Approach for the Reconstruction of the Peroneal Brevis Tendon Using Semitendinosus Autograft: An Alternative Technique to Avoid Soft Tissue Complications","authors":"D. R. Nishikawa, F. Duarte, G. Saito, A. Monteiro, C. Netto, M. Prado","doi":"10.1097/BTF.0000000000000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BTF.0000000000000250","url":null,"abstract":"Surgical treatment of irreparable tears of the peroneal brevis tendon has been widely performed with reconstruction of the tendon using semitendinosus tendon allograft or autograft. However, it is carried out through a long lateral curved incision prone to soft tissue complications such as scar tenderness, sural nerve lesion, wound dehiscence, and swelling. We present a less invasive approach through 2 short incisions, preserving the lateral soft tissues of the hindfoot. It represents an effective and safe alternative to the long lateral curved approach. Besides that, it can be useful to treat patients at risk of wound healing complications such as smokers, vasculopaths and diabetics. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.","PeriodicalId":44146,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/BTF.0000000000000250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41918405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Particulate Juvenile Articular Cartilage Transfer for Talar Osteochondral Lesions","authors":"Matthew R. McDonald, Rebecca A. Cerrato, L. Schon","doi":"10.1097/BTF.0000000000000297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BTF.0000000000000297","url":null,"abstract":"Osteochondral lesions of the talus present a challenge to the foot and ankle surgeon with regards to treatment. Although most bone marrow stimulation (BMS) procedures have relatively good outcomes, those patients who do not improve or present with large lesions (>1.5 cm2) are candidates for a range of more involved procedures. All of these treatments focus on improving pain and function by restoring cartilage at the lesion site. Treatment options are generally classified as either BMS or restorative. Histologic studies have found that BMS leads to infill by fibrocartilage that has physical properties inferior to that of native hyaline cartilage. The goal of restorative treatments is to create hyaline or hyaline-like cartilage. This category includes a variety of techniques each with their own advantages and disadvantages. This paper focuses specifically on one of these techniques, particulate juvenile articular cartilage transfer. A brief overview of BMS and restorative treatment options is provided. A detailed description of the surgical technique for particulate juvenile articular cartilage transfer and a review of published clinical results are discussed. Level of Evidence: Level V—expert opinion. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.","PeriodicalId":44146,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":"19 1","pages":"234 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43162198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}