4区历史学

HISTORIAN Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/00182370.2023.2262247

Gary Bruce

{"title":"M’Pungu between Charles Darwin and Wolfgang Köhler: the changing human perceptions of great apes","authors":"Gary Bruce","doi":"10.1080/00182370.2023.2262247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00182370.2023.2262247","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article, a contribution to the growing field of animal-human history, traces scientific understanding of the great apes over the course of two centuries, with an emphasis on the period from 1850 to 1920. It sets the changing perceptions of apes within the context of intellectual developments, including the revolution sparked by Darwin and continued by a number of lesser-known scientists who studied apes. The important economic and societal advances required to arrange for the transportation of apes from Africa to Europe and their subsequent captivity there are also discussed. The path-breaking studies of apes by the German behavioral scientist Wolfgang Köhler in the 1910s, which laid the foundation for the work of later scientists like Jane Goodall, were based on a gradual shift in the perception of animal intelligence in the broader scientific world, followed by nearly a century of German primate research, observations of gorillas in Germany’s sophisticated zoos, and public funding for the study of primates.KEYWORDS: Animal historyGermanyDarwinian revolution AcknowledgementI am grateful to Dr. Alan Maricic for his research assistance on this article, and to the journal’s anonymous referees for their insightful comments.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer, ed., The Great Ape Project: Equality Beyond Humanity (New York: St. Martin’s, 1994).2 As is the case with any work on the “silent” in history who have not left their own sources behind, be they women of the lower classes or the environment, it is nevertheless possible to provide analysis of the relationship between the voiced and the unvoiced based on the documents at our disposal. See the thoughtful article, Erica Fudge, “A Left-Handed Blow. Writing the History of Animals,” in Nigel Rothfels, ed., Representing Animals (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003), 3–183 Cyrus Ingerson Scofield and Doris Rikkers, The Scofield Study Bible: King James Version (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), Genesis 9:2, 17.4 Keith Thomas, Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England, 1500–1800 (London: Allen Lane, 1983), 31.5 Thomas, Man and the Natural World, 31.6 It has been one of the singular contributions of animal history to de-center the human being as the driver of History. See for example Erica Fudge, Animal (London: Reaktion Books, 2004), 12–14; and Erica Fudge, Quick Cattle and Dying Wishes: People and their Animals in Early Modern England (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018), 16.7 Erica Fudge, Brutal Reasoning: Animals, Rationality, and Humanity in Early Modern England (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006), 2.8 Harriet Ritvo, The Platypus and the Mermaid and Other Figments of the Classifying Imagination (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997), 15.9 The extent to which Descartes’ claim that animals do not experience pain has been misrepresented continues to ","PeriodicalId":44078,"journal":{"name":"HISTORIAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135570106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The success of the Dutch Revolt: an interpretation inspired by Norbert Elias 荷兰起义的成功:受诺伯特·埃利亚斯启发的解读

4区历史学

HISTORIAN Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1080/00182370.2023.2257548

Kees Boterbloem

{"title":"The success of the Dutch Revolt: an interpretation inspired by Norbert Elias","authors":"Kees Boterbloem","doi":"10.1080/00182370.2023.2257548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00182370.2023.2257548","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis essay argues that the traditional historiography of the Dutch Revolt (1566–1609/1648) falls short in explaining its success, which became manifest by the 1590s. Whereas religious zeal, geographical conditions, and tax protests play an undeniable role in understanding the outbreak and persistence of the rebellion, the tenacity of the northern provinces of the Netherlands should be understood at least in part as a response to a degree of violence on the part of the Spanish-Habsburg authorities that offended early modern sensibilities of this urbanized region, thereby attesting to the continued relevance of various aspects of Norbert Elias’ civilizing process.KEYWORDS: Dutch RevoltNorbert Eliascivilizing process AcknowledgmentHerewith I would like to express my gratitude to the journal’s editor Adrian O’Connor and the two anonymous reviewers for their critique of an earlier version of this essay. Their remarks have made this into a much better piece.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 A good discussion remains Herbert H. Rowen, “The Dutch Revolt: What Kind of Revolution?” Renaissance Quarterly 3 (1990): 570–90. Rowen ignores to some degree the role of geography, but he looks more at the causes of its outbreak than of its success.2 As a monistic explanation, the issue of religion was already suggested by the American historian John Motley (1814–1877); see John Motley, History of the United Netherlands from the Death of William the Silent to the Twelve Year’s Truce, vol. 4 (New York: Harper and Brothers, c. 1860). For convincing criticism of this thesis, see Judith Pollmann, Catholic Identity and the Revolt of the Netherlands (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011). Pollmann suggests that instead moderation supported by leading lay people against Catholic or Calvinist fanaticism may have been crucial to Catholicism’s revival and survival in the southern Netherlands; as I suggest here below, this worked as well in the north, with Protestant moderates setting the tone. Moderate members of the elite on both sides of the frontlines were appalled by the violence of the zealots.3 Geoffrey Parker, “Why Did the Dutch Revolt Last Eighty Years?” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 26 (1976): 53–72, 55–7. Parker realized that, on its own, this explanation was too limited. Parker’s discussion remains outstanding, but he says little about the protests regarding paying taxes to aid Philip’s centralizing efforts (although he does raise the point about opposing any diminution of local privileges; see ibid., 61–2).4 Parker, “Why Did the Dutch Revolt,” 58–9.5 H. van Nierop, “Similar Problems, Different Outcomes: The Revolt of the Netherlands and the Wars of Religion in France,” in C.A. Davids and Jan Lucassen, eds., Miracle Mirrored: The Dutch Revolt in European Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 26–56: 51.6 Rowen, “Dutch Revolt,” 575, 588.7 Anton van der Lem, The Revolt i","PeriodicalId":44078,"journal":{"name":"HISTORIAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135350587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Music, youth and international links in post-war British fascism: the transformation of extremism 战后英国法西斯主义中的音乐、青年和国际联系：极端主义的转变

IF 0.2 4区历史学

HISTORIAN Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00182370.2023.2221577

S. Woodbridge

{"title":"Music, youth and international links in post-war British fascism: the transformation of extremism","authors":"S. Woodbridge","doi":"10.1080/00182370.2023.2221577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00182370.2023.2221577","url":null,"abstract":"toward the cause of Irish independence, the author makes a stronger case for the subsequent Harding and Coolidge presidential administrations. In fact, Carroll’s meticulous archival work finds that the American diplomatic establishment, later derided by Irish-American nationalists as Anglophilic and antagonistic, actually served as companions and even advocates for the Irish Free State. From the inaugural American tour by Irish President W.T. Cosgrave in 1924 to a reciprocal visit by American Secretary of State Kellogg several years later, Carroll argues that American recognition of Irish diplomatic autonomy loosened constraints within the British Commonwealth, allowing that some motivations came from points of friction within the Anglo-American “special relationship.” Coming as the worthy capstone for one of the preeminent scholars in his field, Carroll’s work has made two major contributions to our understanding of the transatlantic relationship between Ireland and the United States. Revisiting an older debate, his book offers a convincing case that American support played a crucial role as a midwife for independent Ireland. Furthermore, drawing evidence from a wide variety of materials from the press, organizational minutes and diplomatic records, the author has expanded the scope of this support, arguing for a sustained, diffuse support that went beyond the diasporic ethnicity with its appeals to American liberal idealism and US diplomatic interests.","PeriodicalId":44078,"journal":{"name":"HISTORIAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44695036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Hanford plaintiffs: voices from the fight for atomic justice 汉福德原告：来自原子正义斗争的声音

IF 0.2 4区历史学

HISTORIAN Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00182370.2023.2230821

Celia Oney

引用次数: 0

Phi Alpha Theta Initiates Phi Alpha Theta发起

IF 0.2 4区历史学

HISTORIAN Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00182370.2022.2233302

引用次数: 0

Stonewall Jackson, Beresford Hope, and the meaning of the American Civil War in Britain Stonewall Jackson、Beresford Hope与美国内战在英国的意义

IF 0.2 4区历史学