Derivatives eJournal最新文献

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SINH-Acceleration for B-Spline Projection with Option Pricing Applications 带期权定价的b样条投影sinh加速
Derivatives eJournal Pub Date : 2021-09-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3921840
S. Boyarchenko, S. Levendorskii, J. Kirkby, Zhenyu Cui
{"title":"SINH-Acceleration for B-Spline Projection with Option Pricing Applications","authors":"S. Boyarchenko, S. Levendorskii, J. Kirkby, Zhenyu Cui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3921840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3921840","url":null,"abstract":"We clarify the relations among different Fourier-based approaches to option pricing, and improve the B-spline probability density projection method using the sinh-acceleration technique. This allows us to efficiently separate the control of different sources of errors better than the FFT-based realization allows; in many cases, the CPU time decreases as well. We demonstrate the improvement of the B-spline projection method through several numerical experiments in option pricing, including European and barrier options, where the SINH acceleration technique proves to be robust and accurate.","PeriodicalId":439888,"journal":{"name":"Derivatives eJournal","volume":"651 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133257732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
The Making of Zero Curves 零曲线的制作
Derivatives eJournal Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3917904
Emilio Barone, Gaia Barone, Jeffrey C. Williams
{"title":"The Making of Zero Curves","authors":"Emilio Barone, Gaia Barone, Jeffrey C. Williams","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3917904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3917904","url":null,"abstract":"Risk-free rates are ubiquitous in finance, even more after the Cox-Ross [6] principle of risk-neutral valuation for derivatives. Simple arbitrage shows that they can be negative only if considered net of the storage cost of money. The phase-out of Libor, its replacement by overnight reference rates, and the way they are used to determine zero rates make this paper’s topic relevant. Similarly to the federal funds rate, which is a weighted average of the rates in brokered transactions (with weights being determined by the size of the transaction), we advocate the construction of transaction-weighted zero curves. In particular, we highlight the role of risk-free zero curves defined by the ISDA CDS standard model in order to standardize the quotes in the market for credit default swaps.","PeriodicalId":439888,"journal":{"name":"Derivatives eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122177210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Caplet Formulae for Backward-Looking Term Rates with Hull-White Model 用Hull-White模型计算远期利率的套子公式
Derivatives eJournal Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3909949
Takahiro Hasegawa
{"title":"Caplet Formulae for Backward-Looking Term Rates with Hull-White Model","authors":"Takahiro Hasegawa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3909949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3909949","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, major term rates, Libors, have been discontinued in almost all interest rate markets, and some term rates which are implied and calculated from overnight rates that defied as risk free rates are becoming major term rates in the current interest rate markets. This situation causes that major term rates are becoming backward looking term rates instead of forward looking term rates such as Libors, while some pricing formulae for interest rate derivative whose underlyings are term rates have to be changed to handle backward looking term rates instead of forward looking term rates, as Libors. In this paper, I introduce some caplet formulae for backward looking term rates, and I focus on two types of backward looking term rate, whose ones are compound term rates and the others are arithmetic average term rates because compound term rates are adopted as floating rates of OIS contracts of EUR, GBP, and JPY, and arithmetic average term rate as floating rates of Fed Fund swap contracts, and underlyings for One month SOFR futures contracts. Therefore, it is meaningful to deal with both compound term rates and arithmetic average term rates to derive pricing formulae for interest rate derivatives. Based on the above, Introducing caplet formulae for underlyings of both compound term rates and arithmetic average term rates is significant for many market participants because currently backward looking term rates are becoming major term rates, and major styles of backward looking term rates are both compound term rates and arithmetic average term rates. I introduce caplet formulae for backward looking term rates whose calculations methods are compound and arithmetic average, and so I adopt interest rate model as Hull-White model for interest rate dynamics because Hull-White model is major short rate model, and currently accepted as interest rate dynamics for pricing and risk management in financial business fields.","PeriodicalId":439888,"journal":{"name":"Derivatives eJournal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128855682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Carbon Negative Leveraged Investment Strategies 负碳杠杆投资策略
Derivatives eJournal Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3906531
U. Erlandsson
{"title":"Carbon Negative Leveraged Investment Strategies","authors":"U. Erlandsson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3906531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3906531","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring the impact of portfolio allocations in terms of non-pecuniary effects is becoming more mainstream in the financial industry. A logical extension to methodologies such as portfolio carbon footprinting is that more or less capital provisioning through leverage or short positions should have increased/negative non-financial effects as well. Focusing on climate impact, this paper develops a stylized model where investor capital allocations drive total economy carbon emissions, and derive the carbon footprint attributable to the investor. In the model, using leverage in the form of long-short short strategies, the investor can reduce or even make their footprint negative when their investment allocations drive (shifts of) cost-of-capital and full economy emissions reductions. In an empirical application using the iTraxx Main non-financial index, we demonstrate how a generic corporate bond exposure can achieve a zero or negative carbon footprint by using a leveraged long-short overlay. The findings should be useful in terms of repositioning traditional non-impact portfolios by using overlays as well as to validate and leverage already operational ESG strategies.","PeriodicalId":439888,"journal":{"name":"Derivatives eJournal","volume":"1996 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128206719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An application of Lasso regression in Factor Augmented HAR models Lasso回归在因子增广HAR模型中的应用
Derivatives eJournal Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3903359
Daniel Velásquez
{"title":"An application of Lasso regression in Factor Augmented HAR models","authors":"Daniel Velásquez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3903359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3903359","url":null,"abstract":"Many questions have emerged in the econometric literature since the formulation of the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model. Amongst them, what is the best way to estimate it? Furthermore, what variables we should include? Several approaches have arisen, for instance, decomposing the information available in datasets in common factors and adding them as explanatory variables. A second stream proposes numerous varieties of the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) model for the automatic selection of the autoregressive structure of the unrestricted AR22. For such models, the selection of the sparsity parameter has a crucial role in the level of fitting and forecasting. In this paper, we aim to enter the discussion in two ways. The first one is by including the factors within the structure of the Lasso regression in the unrestricted AR22 and jointly selecting the variables to include in the autoregressive structure and the multiple common factors, leading to a parsimonious model with only the combination of variables that minimize a loss function. Second, by finding the sparsity parameter, we propose to minimize the BIC in-sample and minimize certain loss function based on the out-of-sample model’s forecasts. We perform the application on 15 Realized Volatilities of World Stock Indices. Our results evidence improvement in the fitting and forecasting afforded by the inclusion of the common factors and with the Lasso approach for model selection.","PeriodicalId":439888,"journal":{"name":"Derivatives eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133097287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inverse Options in a Black-Scholes World 布莱克-斯科尔斯世界中的逆期权
Derivatives eJournal Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3893037
C. Alexander, Arben Imeraj
{"title":"Inverse Options in a Black-Scholes World","authors":"C. Alexander, Arben Imeraj","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3893037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3893037","url":null,"abstract":"Most trading in cryptocurrency options is on inverse products, so called because the contract size is denominated in US dollars and they are margined and settled in crypto, typically bitcoin or ether. Their popularity stems from allowing professional traders in bitcoin or ether options to avoid transferring fiat currency to and from the exchanges. We derive new analytic pricing and hedging formulae for inverse options under the assumption that the underlying follows a geometric Brownian motion. The boundary conditions and hedge ratios exhibit relatively complex but very important new features which warrant further analysis and explanation. We also illustrate some inconsistencies, exhibited in time series of Deribit bitcoin option implied volatilities, which indicate that traders may be applying direct option hedging and valuation methods erroneously. This could be because they are unaware of the correct, inverse option characteristics which are derived in this paper.","PeriodicalId":439888,"journal":{"name":"Derivatives eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122129953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The strategic allocation to style-integrated portfolios of commodity futures 商品期货风格整合投资组合的策略配置
Derivatives eJournal Pub Date : 2021-07-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3881179
H. Rad, Rand Kwong Yew Low, J. Miffre, R. Faff
{"title":"The strategic allocation to style-integrated portfolios of commodity futures","authors":"H. Rad, Rand Kwong Yew Low, J. Miffre, R. Faff","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3881179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3881179","url":null,"abstract":"We contribute to the literature on the diversification benefits of commodity futures by integrating it with the literature on style integration. Our work augments the traditional asset mix of investors with a long-short portfolio that integrates the styles that matter to the pricing of commodity futures. The style-integrated portfolio offers remarkable out-of-sample performance and low correlations with stocks and bonds, in particular in periods of heightened volatility in equity markets. As such, it is a worthy candidate for inclusion to the strategic asset allocation of investors. Treating the style-integrated portfolio as part of the strategic mix is found to enhance out-of-sample performance and reduce crash risk compared to the alternatives considered thus far. The conclusion holds across traditional asset mix and portfolio allocation methods. Albeit lower, the diversification benefits of style integration also persist in a long-only setting.","PeriodicalId":439888,"journal":{"name":"Derivatives eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123952022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Valuation of an Option to Exchange one Powered Bond for Another 以一种动力债券交换另一种动力债券的期权估值
Derivatives eJournal Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3878105
Lloyd P. Blenman, Alberto Bueno-Guerrero
{"title":"Valuation of an Option to Exchange one Powered Bond for Another","authors":"Lloyd P. Blenman, Alberto Bueno-Guerrero","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3878105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3878105","url":null,"abstract":"Bond markets are over the counter markets, plagued with illiquidity, price volatility, mispricing, sovereign restructuring issues and other difficulties. We price powered bonds based on an interest rate term structure of a stochastic strings model. Power exchange bond options resolve issues associated with general bond risk management. We obtain closed-form expressions for pricing and hedging bond power exchange options. Sufficient conditions for the equivalence of the European and the American versions of bond power exchange options are provided. The put-call parity relation for this kind of option is also stated. We show connections with standard bond option pricing models and explain the superiority of our model. Finally, we consider several applications of our results including duration and convexity measures for bond power exchange options, pricing extendable/accelerable maturity zero-coupon bonds, options to price a zero-coupon bond off of a shifted term-structure, and options on interest rates and rate spreads.<br>","PeriodicalId":439888,"journal":{"name":"Derivatives eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121307327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What is the volatility of an Asian option? 亚洲期权的波动率是多少?
Derivatives eJournal Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3875929
D. Pirjol, Lingjiong Zhu
{"title":"What is the volatility of an Asian option?","authors":"D. Pirjol, Lingjiong Zhu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3875929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3875929","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a simple approximation for pricing Asian options on an underlying asset with an implied volatility smile by substituting an appropriately adjusted volatility into a Black-Scholes pricer which takes a constant volatility. For Asian options with strikes close to the at-the-money point, the adjustment is independent of the shape of the volatility smile at leading order in an expansion in log-strike, which makes it robust against calibration errors. The smile adjusted valuation becomes exact for Asian options with continuous time averaging in the short maturity limit in the local volatility model.","PeriodicalId":439888,"journal":{"name":"Derivatives eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115161623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chebyshev Greeks: Smoothing Gamma without Bias 切比雪夫希腊人:平滑伽马没有偏见
Derivatives eJournal Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3872744
Andrea Maran, A. Pallavicini, Stefano Scoleri
{"title":"Chebyshev Greeks: Smoothing Gamma without Bias","authors":"Andrea Maran, A. Pallavicini, Stefano Scoleri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3872744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3872744","url":null,"abstract":"The computation of Greeks is a fundamental task for risk managing of financial instruments. The standard approach to their numerical evaluation is via finite differences. Most exotic derivatives are priced via Monte Carlo simulation: in these cases, it is hard to find a fast and accurate approximation of Greeks, mainly because of the need of a tradeoff between bias and variance. Recent improvements in Greeks computation, such as Adjoint Algorithmic Differentiation, are unfortunately uneffective on second order Greeks (such as Gamma), which are plagued by the most significant instabilities, so that a viable alternative to standard finite differences is still lacking. We apply Chebyshev interpolation techniques to the computation of spot Greeks, showing how to improve the stability of finite difference Greeks of arbitrary order, in a simple and general way. The increased performance of the proposed technique is analyzed for a number of real payoffs commonly traded by financial institutions.","PeriodicalId":439888,"journal":{"name":"Derivatives eJournal","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114244889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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