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Performance of Nondestructive Sonic Echo Testing Method on Partially Dismantled Unknown Wood Bridge Foundations; A Case Study 部分拆除的未知木桥基础的无损声波回波检测方法的性能；案例研究
IF 1
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.22059/CEIJ.2019.257833.1484
Saman Rashidyan, A. Maji, T. Ng
{"title":"Performance of Nondestructive Sonic Echo Testing Method on Partially Dismantled Unknown Wood Bridge Foundations; A Case Study","authors":"Saman Rashidyan, A. Maji, T. Ng","doi":"10.22059/CEIJ.2019.257833.1484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/CEIJ.2019.257833.1484","url":null,"abstract":"Sonic Echo (SE) testing method is a well-known, versatile method to gather information pertaining to unknown bridge foundations. Many studies on the applicability and methodology improvement of SE tests to evaluate individual piles and foundations supporting the superstructure have been reported previously. However, there is a rare opportunity for obtaining the performance of SE tests without the bridge deck. In the current study, three piles of a dismantled unknown bridge foundation were tested.  Unusual vibrations on velocity signals were found which are independent of the location of the sensors. Such signals do not contain identifiable echoes from the pile toe. Therefore, they cannot be used to determine the depth of the piles. The results and observations of this study show that there is little future application for conducting SE tests on bridges that are out of service.","PeriodicalId":43959,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44325816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Reliability Assessment of Shallow Domes Using a Semi-Empirical Evaluation Procedure 基于半经验评估程序的浅穹顶可靠性评估
IF 1
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.22059/CEIJ.2019.261794.1500
H. Karimi, I. M. Kani
{"title":"Reliability Assessment of Shallow Domes Using a Semi-Empirical Evaluation Procedure","authors":"H. Karimi, I. M. Kani","doi":"10.22059/CEIJ.2019.261794.1500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/CEIJ.2019.261794.1500","url":null,"abstract":"Like other structures, shallow domes have imperfections from the prescribed values obtained by specifications during the construction process. Specifications define some tolerance values for imperfections. Despite consideration of these values, the critical load of a dome varies for each imperfection pattern. So the reliability plays an important role in domes safety. Theoretical evaluation procedure is the most accurate one to obtain reliability function, but it is only applicable to small structures. Semi-empirical evaluation procedure, on the other hand, is more implemented. In the present research reliability of real domes with stochastic initial imperfections has been investigated by comparing finite elements method, theoretical and semi-empirical results. Also, it has been shown that the automatic perturbed analysis is not sufficiently reliable for domes. So it is recommend that a suitable safety factor be applied on the automatic perturbed load or the method utilized in this paper be used to obtain the critical load – reliability diagram.","PeriodicalId":43959,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41342657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Performance of the Modified Precast Beam to Column Connection Placed on a Concrete Corbel 混凝土桁架上改进预制梁柱连接的性能研究
IF 1
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.22059/CEIJ.2019.277155.1558
M. Madhkhan, S. Bahrami
{"title":"Performance of the Modified Precast Beam to Column Connection Placed on a Concrete Corbel","authors":"M. Madhkhan, S. Bahrami","doi":"10.22059/CEIJ.2019.277155.1558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/CEIJ.2019.277155.1558","url":null,"abstract":"Precast concrete structures in Iran are generally designed as continuous columns with hinged beams, thereby making them simple frames. In this system in site show walls in two directions of buildings guaranteed lateral resisting system. However, in order to obtain a seismic resisting frame, the connection between beam and column should be moment resisting and ductile, allowing the formation of plastic hinges at these connections as well as at the column base. In this paper, experimental tests were conducted for precast concrete elements with modified beam-column connection under cyclic load. The precast connection considered for this study was a semi precast beam with welded longitudinal bars to embedded plate into beam where the beam is connected to corbel with welding embedded plated to plate on the corbel. According to the results, the connection shows suitable performance until drift of 2.75% in terms of stiffness, damping and moment resistance.","PeriodicalId":43959,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Effects of Flow Hydraulics, Pipe Structure and Submerged Jet on Leak Behaviour 流动水力学、管道结构和水下射流对泄漏行为的影响
IF 1
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.22059/CEIJ.2019.261472.1499
S. A. Shahangian, M. Tabesh, M. H. Mirabi
{"title":"Effects of Flow Hydraulics, Pipe Structure and Submerged Jet on Leak Behaviour","authors":"S. A. Shahangian, M. Tabesh, M. H. Mirabi","doi":"10.22059/CEIJ.2019.261472.1499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/CEIJ.2019.261472.1499","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is numerical and experimental study of the effects of flow hydraulics, pipe structure (particularly elastic behaviour) and submerged jet on leak behaviour. In this regard, experimental tests were performed on a high-pressure circulation set up. Experiments were performed on an old steel pipe and a High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe discharged to the atmosphere in a wide range of pressures up to 50 m. To analyze the leak behaviour, the effect of the surrounding environment and the pressure on leak area, the experimental setup was modeled by ANSYS software. Then, the numerical model was validated using experimental results and used to analyze and generalize leakage results in other situations. The results indicated that: 1) Standard k-e turbulence model showed a better performance and relatively better results in modelling leakage in comparison with the other turbulence models, 2) Combining the Finite Volume and Finite Element methods for taking into account the impact of pressure allowed simultaneous examination of the pipe hydraulics and the structure of the leak area to obtain more reasonable results from hydraulic analysis of the flow and pipe structure, 3) Pressure fluctuations in the submerged jet affect the leakage discharge so that it is reduced compared to discharging to the atmosphere, 4) it was observed that the leakage exponent is close to the theoretical value of 0.5, considering the effect of pressure head on leak area behaviour. Furthermore, there is a linear relationship between pressure head and leak area for elastic pipes.","PeriodicalId":43959,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68426827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Stability of Self-Consolidating Concrete Containing Different Viscosity Modifiers 含不同粘度改进剂的自固结混凝土的稳定性
IF 1
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.22059/CEIJ.2019.262859.1502
A. Mechaymech, J. Assaad
{"title":"Stability of Self-Consolidating Concrete Containing Different Viscosity Modifiers","authors":"A. Mechaymech, J. Assaad","doi":"10.22059/CEIJ.2019.262859.1502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/CEIJ.2019.262859.1502","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to assess the effect of different viscosity-enhancing admixture (VEA) types and concentrations on deformability and stability of self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Two polysaccharide-based VEAs, one cellulose-based VEA, and a modified-startch VEA are used in this investigation. Regardless of polymer type, results showed that the incorporation of VEA leads to reduced passing ability represented by higher difference between the slump flow and J-Ring tests. The rheological properties followed an enhancing trend with VEA additions, given the higher degree of association and entanglement of polymer chains that increase resistance to flow. For given VEA dosage of 0.035%, mixtures made with cellulose VEA showed the highest stability levels including deformability and resistance to bleeding and surface settlement. Series of predictive charts are established to predict the changes in SCC stability as a function of rheological properties.","PeriodicalId":43959,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42820130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Application of Benford’s Law in Analyzing Geotechnical Data 本福德定律在岩土资料分析中的应用
IF 1
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.22059/CEIJ.2019.272005.1534
A. Alipour, Sharareh Alipour
{"title":"Application of Benford’s Law in Analyzing Geotechnical Data","authors":"A. Alipour, Sharareh Alipour","doi":"10.22059/CEIJ.2019.272005.1534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/CEIJ.2019.272005.1534","url":null,"abstract":"Benford’s law predicts the frequency of the first digit of numbers met in a wide range of naturally occurring phenomena. In data sets, following Benford’s law, numbers are started with a small leading digit more often than those with a large leading digit. This law can be used as a tool for detecting fraud and abnormally in the number sets and any fabricated number sets. This can be used as an effective tool for processing data sets from laboratory tests, site investigation tests data, geotechnical design (both financial and technical) in engineering and specially included in geotechnical engineering and, etc. In this paper, data sets from geotechnical data are gathered and analyzed. It is shown that most of them follow Benford’s law. Therefore, we can use this observation for similar applications to detect the validity of data. Also, this can be assumed as an evidence for natural numbers that follow Benford’s law.","PeriodicalId":43959,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47658348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Flexural Behavior of Lightweight Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars and Effects of the Added Micro and Macro Fiber GFRP筋加固轻混凝土梁的受弯性能及添加微纤维和大纤维的影响
IF 1
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.22059/CEIJ.2019.277143.1557
S. Vakili, P. Homami, M. Esfahani
{"title":"Flexural Behavior of Lightweight Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars and Effects of the Added Micro and Macro Fiber","authors":"S. Vakili, P. Homami, M. Esfahani","doi":"10.22059/CEIJ.2019.277143.1557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/CEIJ.2019.277143.1557","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the effect of macro steel fiber (SF), micro glass fiber (GF) and micro polypropylene fiber (PF) in lightweight aggregate concrete, (LWAC) beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. Firstly, concrete mixtures with different volume fractions of GF, PF and SF were tested up to compressive strength, then determine the optimum fiber content GF, PF and SF added into LWAC mix by 0.3%, 0.8% and 0.25% by the volume of concrete, respectively. Meanwhile, eight rectangular cross-section beams with 100 mm (width) × 200 mm (depth) × 1500 mm (length) were tested by four-point bending beam test up to the ultimate load. The GFRP bars were used to reinforce all beams. The failure modes, load-deflection behavior, ductility, flexural capacity and energy absorption were compared in the test results. The experimental results shown added fibers into LWAC improved the flexural capacity, ductility and energy absorption also enhanced moment capacity by 10.07% to 110%. The results indicated that failure modes of GF and PF specimens were in good consistency with the ACI 440.1R-06 predicted failure modes, but for SF specimens, only concrete crushing failure modes accrued. At the end step, the correction factor ( ) obtained from calculated of the experimental results with the flexural capacity according to the ACI 440.1R-06 and ISIS design manual No. 3.","PeriodicalId":43959,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48478841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Thermodynamical and Experimental Study of the Effects of Ball Clay-Silica Fume Combination on the Hydration and Strength 球-粘土-硅灰复合物对水化和强度影响的热力学和实验研究
IF 1
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.22059/CEIJ.2019.266897.1515
M. Mohammadi, A. Tarighat
{"title":"Thermodynamical and Experimental Study of the Effects of Ball Clay-Silica Fume Combination on the Hydration and Strength","authors":"M. Mohammadi, A. Tarighat","doi":"10.22059/CEIJ.2019.266897.1515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/CEIJ.2019.266897.1515","url":null,"abstract":"The production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as the most expensive constituent of concrete is associated with destructive environmental effects and significant energy consumption. Thus, the use of supplementary cementitious materials such as Natural or synthetic pozzolans is a fundamental solution that affects the kinetics of hydration of cementitious materials. In this article, to evaluate the effect of ball clay in the presence or absence of silica fume on the performance of cementitious materials, compressive strength and ultrasonic tests were performed at replacement weight percentages of 0, 10 and 20% for ball clay and 0 and 7% for silica fume. Also, thermodynamic modeling during hydration was carried out based on the Gibbs free energy minimization. The results showed that mere presence of ball clay does not have a positive effect, but it can improve the structure and strength of cement in the presence of silica fume, since it resulted in complete consumption of portlandite and consequently increasing C-S-H gel. In addition to examine the type and volume of phases formed during hydration, the optimum substitution of ball clay and silica fume was studied. Accordingly, the best overall performance of ball clay was observed in the 10% substitution in the presence of 7% silica fume.","PeriodicalId":43959,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47049411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Introduction and Application of Rotational Abrasion Device to Determine Concrete Pavement Abrasion 旋转磨损装置在混凝土路面磨损测定中的介绍与应用
IF 1
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.22059/CEIJ.2019.266494.1513
Mohammad-Hossain Jalal-Kamali, A. Hasani, J. Sodagari
{"title":"Introduction and Application of Rotational Abrasion Device to Determine Concrete Pavement Abrasion","authors":"Mohammad-Hossain Jalal-Kamali, A. Hasani, J. Sodagari","doi":"10.22059/CEIJ.2019.266494.1513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/CEIJ.2019.266494.1513","url":null,"abstract":"Abrasion susceptibility of highway pavements has a great impact on the skid resistance, and consequently accident rate. A rotational abrasion device is introduced, providing the advantage of field simulation of wheel passage, in comparison with existing standard methods. The device was used to measure abrasion susceptibility of concrete pavements with different textures. The obtained results were evaluated using the standard Wide Wheel Abrasion Test. It is shown that there is a good conformity between abrasion rates acquired from the two tests. The results also show that negative textures, such as grooving, lead to a highly variant unreliable outcome in Wide Wheel Abrasion Test. The brushed samples (perpendicularly or parallelly brushed) underwent the highest abrasion level due to high interaction between texture and wheel (the average final measured abrasion amount is 90% more in brushed samples compared to non-textured samples). Since Rotational Abrasion Test is able to apply extensive loading, its results, as compared to the other test, is not susceptible to random surface protuberances or cavities (burlap dragged and grooved samples).","PeriodicalId":43959,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43234099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Processing Digital Image for Measurement of Crack Dimensions in Concrete 混凝土裂缝尺寸测量的数字图像处理
IF 1
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.22059/CEIJ.2019.246397.1444
T. Barkavi, Natarajan Chidambarathanu
{"title":"Processing Digital Image for Measurement of Crack Dimensions in Concrete","authors":"T. Barkavi, Natarajan Chidambarathanu","doi":"10.22059/CEIJ.2019.246397.1444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/CEIJ.2019.246397.1444","url":null,"abstract":"The elements of the concrete structure are most frequently affected by cracking. Crack detection is essential to ensure safety and performance during its service life. Cracks do not have a regular shape, in order to achieve the exact dimensions of the crack; the general mathematical formulae are by no means applicable. The authors have proposed a new method which aims to measure the crack dimensions of the concrete by utilizing digital image processing technique. A new algorithm has been defined in MATLAB. The acquired data has been analyzed to obtain the most precise results. Here both the length and width of the crack are obtained from image processing by removing background noise for the accuracy of measurement. A semi-automatic methodology is adapted to measure the crack length and crack width. The applicability of the program is verified with the past literature works.","PeriodicalId":43959,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal-CEIJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49160428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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