{"title":"A Characterization of Parikh Sets of ET0L Languages in Terms of P Systems","authors":"Masami Ito, C. Martín-Vide, G. Paun","doi":"10.1142/9789812810908_0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812810908_0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439470,"journal":{"name":"Words, Semigroups, and Transductions","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131759014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Complete Classes of Directed Graphs","authors":"P. Dömösi","doi":"10.1142/9789812810908_0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812810908_0006","url":null,"abstract":"A non-aqueous liquid dispersion of polymers is obtained by a first step of copolymerizing one or more vinyl-type monomers with one or more polymerized peroxides, capable of further polymerization followed by a second step of copolymerizing the resulting copolymer having peroxy bonds therein with one or more vinyl-type monomers different than the one or ones used in the first copolymerization step, in an organic liquid which dissolves the polymers of the vinyl-type monomers of the first copolymerization but does not dissolve the polymers of the vinyl-type monomers used in the second copolymerization. The dispersion is splendid in dispersion stability and it is very useful as a thermosetting, film-type, coating composition.","PeriodicalId":439470,"journal":{"name":"Words, Semigroups, and Transductions","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116610202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some Remarks on Hairpin and Loop Languages","authors":"J. Castellanos, V. Mitrana","doi":"10.1142/9789812810908_0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812810908_0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439470,"journal":{"name":"Words, Semigroups, and Transductions","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122254571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing Using X-Machine Translations","authors":"F. Ipate, M. Gheorghe, M. Holcombe, T. Balanescu","doi":"10.1142/9789812810908_0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812810908_0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439470,"journal":{"name":"Words, Semigroups, and Transductions","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131936390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Power of RRWW-Automata","authors":"Gundula Niemann, F. Otto","doi":"10.1142/9789812810908_0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812810908_0026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439470,"journal":{"name":"Words, Semigroups, and Transductions","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131607478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to Generate Binary Codes Using Context-Free Grammars","authors":"L. Kászonyi","doi":"10.1142/9789812810908_0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812810908_0022","url":null,"abstract":"5-Cyano-1-hydrocarbylpyrrole-2-acetic acid is converted to 5-acyl-1-hydrocarbylpyrrole-2-acetic acid by reaction with a Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis. The cyano compound, novel per se, is produced by reacting 1-hydrocarbyl-2-(2',2',2'-trihalo-1'-hydroxyethyl)pyrrole with a cyanating reagent under basic conditions. The latter pyrrole is in turn formed by reacting 1-hydrocarbylpyrrole with trihaloacetaldehyde such as chloral, preferably in the presence of added organic acid catalyst.","PeriodicalId":439470,"journal":{"name":"Words, Semigroups, and Transductions","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123530600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Catenation Closed Pairs and Forest Languages","authors":"Chen-Ming Fan, H. Shyr","doi":"10.1142/9789812810908_0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812810908_0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439470,"journal":{"name":"Words, Semigroups, and Transductions","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115552901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Valence Grammars with Target Sets","authors":"H. Fernau, Ralf Stiebe","doi":"10.1142/9789812810908_0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812810908_0010","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss an extension of valence grammars, where the value of a valid derivation is allowed to be an element of a given target set. We discuss closure properties of language families generated by such grammars. Moreover, we investigate the generative power of valence grammars with target sets over the groups Z k , over the monoids N k and over finite monoids. This way, we also prove a conjecture due to M. Jantzen stating that unordered vector languages can be characterized by grammars controlled by permutations of regular languages. Furthermore, we show that matrix languages are characterized by valence grammars with target sets over (arbitrary) finite monoids.","PeriodicalId":439470,"journal":{"name":"Words, Semigroups, and Transductions","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123334471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixed Links: A Method for Generating Multi-Stranded Structures in Syntax","authors":"Gemma Bel Enguix","doi":"10.1142/9789812810908_0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812810908_0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439470,"journal":{"name":"Words, Semigroups, and Transductions","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115391916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ehrenfeucht, I. Petre, D. Prescott, G. Rozenberg
{"title":"Circularity and Other Invariants of Gene Assembly in Ciliates","authors":"A. Ehrenfeucht, I. Petre, D. Prescott, G. Rozenberg","doi":"10.1142/9789812810908_0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812810908_0007","url":null,"abstract":"Ciliates (an ancient group of single cell organisms) have two sorts of nuclei with different functionalities: the micronucleus and the macronucleus. After the cell mating the micronuclear genes are converted into the macronuclear genes in the process called gene assembly. This is one of the most complex examples of DNA processing known in any organisms, and it is fascinating from the computational point of view. This paper continues the investigation of gene assembly in the framework of three molecular operations: ld-excision, hi-excision/reinsertion, and dlad-excision/reinsertion. In general, for a given micronuclear gene there exists many strategies for using these three operations to accomplish gene assembly. Since it is not known yet which strategies are actually used by ciliates, it is important to study the invariants of gene assembly, i.e., those properties of gene assembly that are common to all these strategies. A macronuclear gene (before its excision and capping with telomeres) can be assembled either in a linear or in a circular molecule. We prove in this paper that the circularity property (whether or not a given gene will be assembled in a circular molecule) is an invariant. We give a simple decision algorithm for the circularity property, and discuss a number of other related invariants.","PeriodicalId":439470,"journal":{"name":"Words, Semigroups, and Transductions","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132404161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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