Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying the effect of surface covering materials on land surface temperature in urban areas utilizing Landsat imageries: An investigation of Kandy City, Sri Lanka","authors":"Rjm Uduporuwa, L. Manawadu","doi":"10.4038/BHUMI.V7I1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/BHUMI.V7I1.50","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to investigate whether there is an effect of surface covering materials on land surface temperature in Kandy city, Sri Lanka by employing GIS and RS techniques. Measuring the change in built-up area, detecting the correspondent change in land surface temperature and identifying the correlation between surface covering materials and land surface temperature in temporal basis are the objectives of this paper. The paper utilizes Urban Index (UI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) and simple linear regression technique to achieve the objectives. Landsat satellite images with moderate resolution in 1994, 2003, 2007 and 2015 obtained from the server of United State Geological Survey (USGS) were used. Results evidently illustrates that both surface covering materials and land surface temperature in the city have substantially increased during the last-twenty-year period. The mean temperature in the city has risen from by 5.83 C0 degrees from 1994 (23.78 C0) to 2015 (29.61 C0). Simple linear regression analysis indicates that there is an obvious impact of increase in surface covering materials on the surface temperature rise in Kandy city.","PeriodicalId":439146,"journal":{"name":"Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129037781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban transportation system design and feasibility analysis: a case study of Lagos Mega-City","authors":"Sowoputi Adetose Emmanuel, Salaam O. Taiwo","doi":"10.4038/BHUMI.V6I2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/BHUMI.V6I2.45","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how urban transportation, urban mobility and urban land Planning at urban Centres influence urban space that serves a variety of human needs; housing, working, social interaction, leisure, and mobility of persons and goods. Transportation and planning are co-dependent, mutually influencing each other in complex and dynamic ways. To create a livable urban environment, there is a need to balance transportation with planning. The skewers of any of these will result in serious environment issues. To identify the role and impact of road transportation in a mega city, the research methodology adopted in this work utilized environmental management system techniques. Key impacts on local community includes exchange of energy, function and maintenance of ordered structures, directly or indirectly supplied and maintained by natural system. Various socio-economic activities and professional judgment from the findings shows that spatial distribution of housing, working, shopping, leisure and other activities determines aver-age trip distances in urban mobility. High population density as well as a mixture of land use for various social and economic activities, maintains low distances between origin and destination of urban trips. It also shows that road development parameters were well within the range of metropolis city, the low density urban development and large road areas increases trip length and lead to higher share of automobile trips. The study recommends that the state government should engaged in traffic management by adjusting the use of existing road system to improve traffic operation with-out resorting to major new constructions, provision of time-based traffic lights, and enforcement of traffic lights and signs, manning of road junctions by traffic wardens, constructing overhead bridges and zebra crossings, encouragement of park and ride system and educating drivers and ensure compulsory written test before the issuance of any driving license. This can be embarked through a technology- supported joint venture that aims to integrate and systematically optimize the State’s intermodal transportation system.","PeriodicalId":439146,"journal":{"name":"Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125176718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assigning the roles and responsibilities to civil engineering freshers in construction industry","authors":"Vinod Bhuruk, Prof. O. R. S. Rao, Sayalee Gankar","doi":"10.4038/BHUMI.V6I2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/BHUMI.V6I2.41","url":null,"abstract":"The construction sector is a key driver of the overall development a country. The sector focuses on power, roads and bridges, dams and urban infrastructure. Government of India policies and plans aimed at improving the infrastructure, with specific focus on urban transformation (Smart City, Housing for all, etc.). This growth of the infrastructure sector offers job opportunities for Civil Engineering (CE) graduates. The construction Industry offers variety of job roles in different sectors. Construction industry requires application of skills and knowledge to perform duties in the planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities. Roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, water and sewage systems, and waste disposal units are specific areas to fit for the jobs. Therefore, students enroll to civil engineering degree for build their career. The present paper focuses on civil engineering students’ specific skills and how roles and responsibilities can be allocated to them. This paper also suggests initiatives to improve the skills and knowledge preferred by the Indian construction companies for the jobs.","PeriodicalId":439146,"journal":{"name":"Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131643857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model to evaluate energy efficient spatial structure for transportation via spatially balancing the job - house ratio - The case of Sri Lanka","authors":"S. Senevirathne, P. D. Silva","doi":"10.4038/BHUMI.V6I2.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/BHUMI.V6I2.44","url":null,"abstract":"The trend of haphazard land use practices has caused for a massive cost and a congestion in major transport corridors. In this case, a proper combination of land use distribution will be able to optimize the Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT) to reduce the transportation-related energy consumption and city congestion. One of the significant approaches of integrating transport and urban development is developing an optimized ratio for administrative level job-house combinations. The objective of this re-search is to develop a method to identify a job-house ratio for each analysis zones where the road congestion will be optimized. The gravity model is used to perform the trip distribution and it is assigned to the road network using the graph theory. The main assumption taken in the study is that the trip generation by a group of population in a particular area is considered as work based trips. The result of the method for Colombo district indicated that the job-house ratio varies from 0.1 to 9.2 resulting an average trip length of 23 km between houses to work locations. However, the method suggested a minimum and maximum value of 0.5 and 4 which reduced the VMT from 46% and average fuel consumption by 22%.","PeriodicalId":439146,"journal":{"name":"Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129076785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of land use on triggering landslides: A case of Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka","authors":"B. W. G. I. D. Gunarathna, A. Jayasinghe, C. Abenayake, P. Mahanama","doi":"10.4038/BHUMI.V6I2.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/BHUMI.V6I2.42","url":null,"abstract":"Landslide is a result of a complex spatial-temporal interaction of geological, geomorphological, climate and land use factors. Dynamics of geological, geomorphological and climate factors expands over relatively longer periods whilst land use change in short run. Hence, land use has a significant influence on landslide frequency and distribution, even in a short time span. However, limited studies have been carried out to investigate the relative contributions of the changes of different land use types in triggering landslides. This study has analyzed land use changes occurred in Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka over a period of ten years and assessed the effect of specific land use changes on landslides. The study is executed in four phases. Firstly, study mapped locations of landslides in QGIS environment. For this purpose, the study used secondary data which has been obtained from National Building Research Organization, Sri Lanka. Then the study analyzed the land use changes at landslide occurrence locations including a range of spatial buffer zone areas. MOLUSCE (Modules for Land Use Change Evaluation) plugin in QGIS was utilized to identify the land use changes in each spatial buffer zone area. Thirdly, the study computed the magnitude of landslide damage of each location based on five criteria as number of deaths, number of injured people, number of partial damaged houses, number of fully damaged houses and number of affected people. Then, the study analyzed the relationship between the magnitude of a landslide damage and land use changes. For this purpose, the study utilized spatial analysis tools in QGIS environment. The results revealed that land use changes such as forest to rubber, rubber-to-garden, rubber-to-any, tea-to-rubber, tea-to-any, forest-to-any have reported a greater influence on frequency of occurrence and the magnitude of landslide damage. These findings provide useful inputs to minimize landslides in the fields of land use planning and disaster management.","PeriodicalId":439146,"journal":{"name":"Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131261442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-evolutionary design concept for urban sustainability based on ‘Regenerative’ design principles: a case study in Salford, United Kingdom","authors":"E. D. Perera","doi":"10.4038/BHUMI.V6I2.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/BHUMI.V6I2.43","url":null,"abstract":"The absence of a clear definition for sustainability in urban development has brought into defining a comprehensive sustainable concept based on urban design practices. The positive sustainable design practices aim at reducing the damage caused by excessive resource use, or less damage to the environment. Meanwhile, the concept of regenerative design has developed to offer true sustainable practice for transition towards a truly sustainable worldview. The purpose of the research is to investigate how and in which ways regenerative design could be applied to define the sustainability in urban design practices. With that, the regenerative design process was adapted for urban design context through integrated and centralised approach. The ultimate regenerative design process, through the research study, articulates which aspect (method/technology/design) is appropriate for each place, what kind of people for, what yield within the frame of co-evolution of the whole system. Especially, the comparative analysis proved the need of why sustainable design should practice in urban design and at what time and in which ways it should be integrated in to the design process. The radically transformed thinking patterns of practicing sustainable design in the urban planning and urban design, creates sustainable living system, which is mutually integrated with humans and the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":439146,"journal":{"name":"Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121905437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities and Challenges of Inland Waterways Transport in the Southwest Coastal Belt of Nigeria","authors":"Owoputi Adetose Emmanuel, P. Ifabiyi, Akpudo U. Chijioke","doi":"10.4038/BHUMI.V6I1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/BHUMI.V6I1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria has 853 kilometers of coastline, 450 kilometers inland waterways and a sovereign right to 200 nautical miles exclusive economic zone. In spite of this, water transport has a share of 1.6% of Nigeria’s domestic product. This study examines the opportunities and challenges of waterways transportation in the coastal area of Southwestern Nigeria. The specific objectives are to: (i) evaluate the potential of the area for Inland water transport development; (ii); examine the contribution of inland waterways transport to passenger and freight movement, (iii) examine the impact of inland waterways transportation on socio-economic development; and (iv) evaluate the problems of inland waterways transportation in the area. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Two types of questionnaires were administered in this study. A total of 415 copies of questionnaires (A) were administered to eight government agencies and 570 copies of questionnaires (B) were administered to residents. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. The descriptive methods employed are graphs, tables, charts, and central measures. The inferential analyses used in this study were factor analytical procedure, multiple regression methods and post hoc analysis. The study revealed that:- i, there are 48 river basins in the study area, with a combined basin area of 1,375 km2, 873 streams and a total stream length of 791.80 kilometers, drainage density of 1.73, stream frequency of 1.58 and drainage intensity of 1.10.These show that the potential of inland waterways transport is high; the report of ridership which was only available for Lagos state showed a progressive increase from 4.4 to 14.5 million between 2010 to 2014. There are 318 open fiber taxis, while travel time range from 10 to 70 minutes. Major cargo are wet cargo, dry cargo, farm products, and fish. However, 10% of the cargo is contraband. Cargo is charged per kilo, size occupied, by value, and by distances. Duration of boats rent is one week to five weeks; the factors underlying the socio- economic impacts at the jetties vary from one jetty to the other. In Lagos, six factors explained 68.547% of the variance; in Ogun Jetties , five factors explained 78.9% of the variance, while in Ondo Jetties six factors explained 69.1% to the variance; the results of the analysis further showed that 4 major problems impacted on inland waterways development. These are: financial constraints, congestion at the jetties, insufficient jetty facility, and political influence. They altogether explained 92.02% of the variance in the explanation. The paper concludes that inland waterways have a high potential for transportation, but it is largely underutilized. The study recommended stronger policies and the need to encourage private- public participation in waterway transport development in the southwest coastal area of Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":439146,"journal":{"name":"Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130768482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Groundwater Contamination by the Agriculture Fertilizer Inputs and its Spatial Distribution Pattern in the Zhangye Basin, Northwest China","authors":"A. Bandara, T. Akiyama","doi":"10.4038/BHUMI.V6I1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/BHUMI.V6I1.35","url":null,"abstract":"The Heihe River is one of the largest rivers in Gansu province in China, which originates from Qilian Mountains and terminates at Ejina Basin in Gobi desert. The river is the only water source of the region, which is highly dependent on agriculture-based economy. The recent changes of economic and environmental sectors have been affected the sustainable agricultural practices of the region. Those changes may give adverse impacts on water quality. In this context, this study focuses on the water quality of both shallow-groundwater and deep-groundwater in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, the main agricultural region of the basin. Total of 35 water samples are used for measure water quality, i.e NO3− , NO2−, NH3 and pH. The water quality measurement results indicate two different spatial distribution patterns of chemical contamination respectively for shallow and deep ground water. This paper discusses the current spatial pattern of nitrogen contamination of the groundwater and its temporal change through the comparison with the past studies.","PeriodicalId":439146,"journal":{"name":"Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114077640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Vol.6(1)","authors":"Rangajeewa Ratnayake","doi":"10.4038/BHUMI.V6I1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/BHUMI.V6I1.32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":439146,"journal":{"name":"Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal","volume":"1 2-3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132708443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling Water Footprint Assessment in Apparel Manufacturing Facilities: A Case of Sri Lanka","authors":"H. Mallawaarachchi, D. Bandara, U. Rathnayake, B. Perera","doi":"10.4038/BHUMI.V6I1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/BHUMI.V6I1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving sustainability in the industrial sector is now a global concern. In sustainable development, water sustainability is considered as a high priority area in the face of threats posed to freshwater resources. Water footprint of an industry is a measurement of the total amount of water consumed by it throughout its supply chain and/or the amount of water polluted by its effluents. However, the concept of water footprint is still new and most of the industries do not have a streamlined procedure in place to follow when carrying out water footprint assessments. The current practices related to water footprint assessments were there-fore evaluated with special emphasis on the apparel manufacturing industry, with a view to identifying the key enablers of and barriers to water footprint assessment and the approaches suitable to overcome the barriers so identified. Case study approach was used in this research because of the requirement for an in-depth investigation. Three apparel manufacturing facilities in Sri Lanka were studied by conducting semi-structured interviews with industry practitioners who had been involved in water foot-print assessment procedure in each institution. Qualitative data that were gathered were evaluated using cross case analysis to identify the key enablers of and barriers to the existing water footprint assessment practices under five key headings, namely general awareness; setting goals and scope; water footprint accounting; water footprint sustainability assessment; and water foot-print response formulation. A framework giving solutions is proposed finally to assist the proper implementation of water foot-print assessment in the apparel manufacturing industry in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":439146,"journal":{"name":"Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125841674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}