Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry最新文献_第2页

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2023.89.10

H. Hiesinger, C. H. van der Bogert, G. Michael, N. Schmedemann, W. Iqbal, S.J. Robbins, B. Ivanov, J. Williams, M. Zanetti, J. Plescia, L. Ostrach, J. W. Head

引用次数: 2

Non-cratonic Diamonds from UHP Metamorphic Terranes, Ophiolites and Volcanic Sources 来自超高压变质地体、蛇绿岩和火山源的非克拉通型钻石

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2022.88.04

L. Dobrzhinetskaya, E. O’Bannon, H. Sumino

引用次数: 6

Morphology of Monocrystalline Diamond and its Inclusions 单晶金刚石及其内含物的形貌

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2022.88.02

J. Harris, K. Smit, Y. Fedortchouk, M. Moore

引用次数: 10

Geochronology of Diamonds 钻石年代学

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2022.88.11

K. Smit, S. Timmerman, S. Aulbach, S. Shirey, S. H. Richardson, D. Phillips, D. Pearson

引用次数: 13

Raman Identification of Inclusions in Diamond 钻石内含物的拉曼识别

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2022.88.08

Evan M. Smith, M. Krebs, P. Genzel, F. Brenker

{"title":"Raman Identification of Inclusions in Diamond","authors":"Evan M. Smith, M. Krebs, P. Genzel, F. Brenker","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2022.88.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.88.08","url":null,"abstract":"Diamonds and their inclusions are some of the most scientifically valuable samples of the Earth (Haggerty 1999; Shirey et al. 2019). Among the analytical techniques used to study diamonds, Raman spectroscopy offers several advantages that make it an appealing tool for characterizing inclusions. It is a relatively low-cost, rapid, and non-destructive option, requiring minimal sample preparation, if any. Inclusions can often be characterized in-situ, while still fully enclosed in their diamond host, which ensures that no material is inadvertently lost (e.g., fluid) and the remnant pressure of the inclusion–host system is preserved. The pressure within inclusions can be on the order of several gigapascals (e.g., Nasdala et al. 2003) and is especially important for stabilizing the crystal structure of certain highpressure minerals, such as ringwoodite, in sublithospheric diamonds (Pearson et al. 2014). Ideally, Raman spectroscopy can be complemented by other in-situ methods, such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), micro-beam X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray computed tomography (CT), and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Raman spectroscopy can serve as a first step to help characterize inclusions before employing more time-consuming or destructive analytical techniques, but it can also serve as a powerful tool in its own right for diamond research (e.g., Liu et al. 1990; Gillet et al. 2002; Nasdala et al. 2003, 2005; Brenker et al. 2005; Walter et al. 2011; Howell et al. 2012; Pearson et al. 2014; Nimis et al. 2016; Smit et al. 2016; Smith et al. 2016b, 2018; Anzolini et al. 2018; Kemppinen et al. 2018). This chapter is the first Raman spectroscopy review specifically applied to inclusions in diamond.","PeriodicalId":439110,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132959636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Polycrystalline Diamonds from Kimberlites: Snapshots of Rapid and Episodic Diamond Formation in the Lithospheric Mantle 金伯利岩中的多晶钻石:岩石圈地幔中快速和幕式钻石形成的快照

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2022.88.03

D. Jacob, S. Mikhail

{"title":"Polycrystalline Diamonds from Kimberlites: Snapshots of Rapid and Episodic Diamond Formation in the Lithospheric Mantle","authors":"D. Jacob, S. Mikhail","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2022.88.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.88.03","url":null,"abstract":"Monocrystalline diamonds are the most valuable diamond type, economically. However, there are other varieties of diamond forged in Earth’s lithospheric mantle, which, while not economically profitable, are of considerable value to the geosciences. Most prominent amongst these are fibrous diamonds (Weiss et al. 2022, this volume) and polycrystalline diamond aggregates (PDAs). Polycrystalline diamond aggregates are rocks in which the dominant mineral phase is diamond (Fig. 1), whereas fibrous diamonds are cuboid samples, sometimes with monocrystalline diamond cores and cloudy overgrowths (‘coats’), or octahedral diamonds with fibrous cores (Weiss et al. 2022, this volume). The fibrous growth sectors are highly imperfect single crystals hosting millions of fluid and solid microinclusions (Navon et al. 1988). Polycrystalline diamond aggregates (PDAs) from kimberlites are the least well-studied of the diamond family. This chapter aims to showcase what we know of PDA-formation in the context of monocrystalline diamond formation, the origin of carbon enrichment in the cratonic lithosphere, and the identify the relationship(s) between polycrystalline diamond formation and plate tectonics.","PeriodicalId":439110,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115230002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Synthesis of Diamonds and Their Identification 钻石的合成及其鉴定

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2022.88.13

U. D’Haenens-Johansson, J. E. Butler, A. Katrusha

{"title":"Synthesis of Diamonds and Their Identification","authors":"U. D’Haenens-Johansson, J. E. Butler, A. Katrusha","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2022.88.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.88.13","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1797, when Tennant demonstrated that diamond consists solely of elemental carbon by comparing the volume of carbon dioxide formed by burning identical weights of charcoal and diamond (Tennant 1797), scientists have been trying to synthesize diamond by converting various carbon-containing substances. Several attempts followed, but it would take over 150 years of continued research before the first successful report of diamond growth was published by scientists at General Electric (Bundy et al. 1955). Diamond synthesis by Union Carbide in 1952 and Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA) in 1953 predate the work at General Electric, but were not reported until later (Liander and Lundblad 1960; Eversole 1962; Angus 2014). The most familiar carbon allotropes are the crystalline phases of graphite and diamond. The hexagonal form of graphite consists of sheets of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms in a hexagonal array, with each atom bonded to three equidistant nearest neighbor atoms. The layers are attracted to each other by weak van der Waals forces and may be arranged in a hexagonal, or rarely rhombohedral, stacking sequence. Meanwhile, the carbon orbitals in diamond are sp3 hybridized, with each atom covalently bonded to four nearest neighbors in a tetrahedral arrangement. The prevalent diamond structure is cubic, though the hexagonal lonsdaleite form also exists. Figure 1 illustrates the pressure and temperature (P, T) phase and transition diagram for pure carbon. Theoretically and experimentally determined conditional phase boundary lines separate the diamond and graphite stability fields. The high cohesive and activation energies associated with the different carbon phases mean that other metastable forms can occur under conditions at which they are not thermodynamically stable. For instance, diamond exists at room temperatures and pressures, whereas graphite can survive pressures well into the diamond stability field (Bundy 1980; Bundy et al. 1996).","PeriodicalId":439110,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130266570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Fluid Inclusions in Fibrous Diamonds 纤维状金刚石中的流体包裹体

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2022.88.09

Y. Weiss, J. Czas, O. Navon

{"title":"Fluid Inclusions in Fibrous Diamonds","authors":"Y. Weiss, J. Czas, O. Navon","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2022.88.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.88.09","url":null,"abstract":"Most diamonds are metasomatic minerals, which means they grew from fluids or melts that moved through solid mantle rocks and chemically interacted with them. The involvement of fluids was recognized in the early days of diamond research (e.g., Sobolev 1960; Kennedy and Nordie 1968; Meyer and Boyd 1972; Harte et al. 1980) and was mostly attributed to kimberlite melts (either the erupting kimberlite, or a deeper proto-kimberlite composition). Based on Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd systematics of garnet inclusions in diamonds, Richardson et al. (1984) suggested that it involves “introduction and entrapment of asthenosphere-derived alkali, LREE and CO2 enriched interstitial melt, which remained liquid until the time of diamond crystallization”. However, only sporadic reports on the occurrence of alkali-rich mineral inclusions or fluidor melt-inclusions in diamonds were reported at that time. In later years, evidence for such fluids and the metasomatic origin of diamonds accumulated, including, the association of diamonds with other metasomatic minerals and with alteration zones in xenoliths (e.g., Schulze et al. 1996; Anand et al. 2004; Zedgenizov et al. 2018); trace element abundance patterns of garnet and clinopyroxene inclusions in diamonds that point to interaction with, or growth from melts that are extremely enriched in incompatible trace elements (Shimizu and Richardson 1987; Stachel and Harris 1997; Stachel et al. 2004 and references therein) and observations of fluids or melts in microinclusions in diamonds, which are the subject of this review.","PeriodicalId":439110,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130131696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Crystallographic Methods for Non-destructive Characterization of Mineral Inclusions in Diamonds 金刚石中矿物包裹体无损表征的晶体学方法

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2022.88.05

Ross J. Angel, M. Alvaro, F. Nestola

{"title":"Crystallographic Methods for Non-destructive Characterization of Mineral Inclusions in Diamonds","authors":"Ross J. Angel, M. Alvaro, F. Nestola","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2022.88.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.88.05","url":null,"abstract":"The mineralogy and chemical compositions of inclusions in diamonds are the primary source of information about the environment in which diamonds grow and help constrain the mechanisms of their growth. However, the vast majority of the information about inclusions has been gathered by extracting them from their diamonds, thus destroying all possibility of obtaining further information about the diamond–inclusion system as a whole with new experimental probes unavailable at the time of extraction. One such specific example is the recent discovery by X-ray tomography and in situ spectroscopy of the hydrous silicic fluid film that appears to be ubiquitous around silicate inclusions in lithospheric diamonds (Nimis et al. 2016); the films escaped detection in a multitude of analyses during more than 70 years of research involving the extraction of many thousands of such inclusions. Inclusions in diamond are under compressive stress as a result of their encapsulation at depth and ascent of the diamond to the Earth’s surface; extraction also destroys this stress and thus prevents the depth of entrapment from being determined from the stress state by elastic geobarometry. The stress release on extraction can also lead to the phase changes and/or conversion of the inclusion to a powder (e.g., Joswig 2011). For inclusions from diamonds suspected as being from super-deep sources, extraction therefore risks the loss of rare or possibly unique samples. Non-destructive characterization of inclusions in diamonds should therefore be made in situ whenever possible.","PeriodicalId":439110,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130869203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Carbon and Nitrogen in Mantle-Derived Diamonds 地幔源钻石中的碳和氮

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2022.88.15

T. Stachel, P. Cartigny, T. Chacko, D. Pearson

引用次数: 14