Middle East Development Journal最新文献_第6页

Effect of oil revenues on size and income of Iranian middle class 石油收入对伊朗中产阶级规模和收入的影响

IF 0.5

Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2021.1898232

M. Farzanegan, P. Alaedini, Khayyam Azizimehr, M. Habibpour

{"title":"Effect of oil revenues on size and income of Iranian middle class","authors":"M. Farzanegan, P. Alaedini, Khayyam Azizimehr, M. Habibpour","doi":"10.1080/17938120.2021.1898232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2021.1898232","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effect of oil revenues on the middle-class size and income in Iran. Following Kharas (2017. The unprecedented expansion of the global middle class: An update. The Brookings Institution), it uses an absolute measure to define the middle class as those who earn between US$11 and US$110 per day (2011 PPP). The study employs annual time series data for 1965–2017 and a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model along with impulse response and variance decomposition analyses. Findings indicate that the response of the middle class to positive oil-income shocks in Iran is positive and significant. It is further shown that the channels of international non-oil trade, service sector, and overall economic development are important in understanding the relationship between the oil income and the middle class in Iran. These results are robust when controlling for other channels in the nexus of oil income and middle class as well as alternative definitions of middle-class income based on relative measures obtained from Iran’s income and expenditure household surveys.","PeriodicalId":43862,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Development Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17938120.2021.1898232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45965847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

‘Macro-finance determinants and the stock market development: evidence from Morocco’ “宏观金融决定因素与股市发展：来自摩洛哥的证据”

IF 0.5

Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2021.1898191

Karim Belcaid, Ahmed El Ghini

引用次数: 6

Labor demand shocks, unemployment, and suicide: evidence from provinces across Iran 劳动力需求冲击、失业和自杀:来自伊朗各省的证据

IF 0.5

Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2021.1959830

H. Noghanibehambari, F. Noghani, N. Tavassoli

引用次数: 0

Learning by exporting or self-selection into exporting? 通过输出学习还是自我选择输出?

IF 0.5

Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2020-06-18 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2020.1756105

Youssouf Kiendrebeogo

引用次数: 4

Regional and income disparities in cost of living changes: evidence from Egypt 生活成本变化中的地区和收入差异:来自埃及的证据

IF 0.5

Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2020-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2020.1770476

Shireen Alazzawi

{"title":"Regional and income disparities in cost of living changes: evidence from Egypt","authors":"Shireen Alazzawi","doi":"10.1080/17938120.2020.1770476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2020.1770476","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Inflation has been rising in Egypt since 2007, and reached record levels in 2017. It was more pronounced in rural Egypt and likely hurt the poor proportionately more, since rising food prices were a major factor behind higher prices over this period. Moreover, rising prices, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), do not accurately measure changes in the cost of living. When inflation is high, people resort to substitution to hedge themselves against a declining standard of living. Regardless of price changes, habit formation and taste changes can also render the fixed basket of the CPI less representative over time. To accurately monitor changes in the cost of attaining a given utility level, I constructed True Cost of Living Indices (TCLI) and used them to examine the regional and income disparities in cost of living changes, and the extent of the bias in the CPI. Results confirmed that cost of living increases were higher in rural regions, and that there were far larger regional disparities in cost of living increases over time using the TCLI. The bias in the CPI was quite substantial, ranging from underestimating the change in cost of living by 1.86 percentage points, to overestimating it by 1.05 percentage points, depending on region. Finally, I found strong evidence that households at the bottom of the expenditure distribution fared much worse. Depending on region, cost of living increases were 2.8 to 4.1 percentage points higher per year for the poorest urban households than for the richest, during the period under study.","PeriodicalId":43862,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Development Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17938120.2020.1770476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44905990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Is income inequality reflected in consumption inequality in Iran? 伊朗的收入不平等是否反映在消费不平等上?

IF 0.5

Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2020.1770488

Hamid Noghanibehambari, Masha Rahnamamoghadam

引用次数: 0

Is income inequality reflected in consumption inequality in Iran? 收入不平等是否反映在伊朗的消费不平等中？

IF 0.5

Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3671270

H. Noghanibehambari, Masha Rahnamamoghadam

引用次数: 4

Public debt and fiscal sustainability: the cyclically adjusted balance in the case of Lebanon 公共债务和财政可持续性:黎巴嫩的周期性调整平衡

IF 0.5

Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2020.1773076

Kassim M. Dakhlallah

{"title":"Public debt and fiscal sustainability: the cyclically adjusted balance in the case of Lebanon","authors":"Kassim M. Dakhlallah","doi":"10.1080/17938120.2020.1773076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2020.1773076","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lebanon’s high debt-to-GDP ratio and persistent overall budget deficit expose the entire financial system to vulnerability. Unless the country generates enough revenue to meet its gross financing needs, the prospect of borrowing more remains strong. Given the complexity of the Lebanese economy and debt structure, the formulation of fiscal and monetary policy is difficult and costly. Hence, policymakers are continuously confronted with difficult choices and must select the choice that is the least destructive. The choice between short-term economic stability and medium-term fiscal sustainability is a clear example of the dilemmas that confront policymakers. In addition, procyclicality and its repercussions on economic growth and the lack of responses to fiscal needs are matters of significant importance for public debt and fiscal sustainability. Hence, this study provides an in-depth analysis of the difficulties facing the Lebanese economy as it tries to sustain its public debt and the overall fiscal deficit. The study calculates the cyclically adjusted balance to analyze the appropriateness of fiscal policy and to assess the role of the automatic stabilizers. Additionally, the study employs a multivariate vector autoregression to forecast the variables in the simple debt model and to identify the impulses needed from various endogenous shocks. The derived results demonstrate that fiscal policy is predominately procyclical, that policymakers risked short-term economic stability for the sake of medium-term fiscal sustainability, and that unless the government adjusts its fiscal behavior, triggers automatic stabilizers, and negotiates a better deal with resident lenders, the economy will further deteriorate.","PeriodicalId":43862,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Development Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17938120.2020.1773076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48135257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The impact of the recent oil price decline on the GCC banking system 最近油价下跌对海湾合作委员会银行体系的影响

IF 0.5

Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2020-05-28 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2020.1770564

Viviane Y. Naimy, Ruba Kattan

{"title":"The impact of the recent oil price decline on the GCC banking system","authors":"Viviane Y. Naimy, Ruba Kattan","doi":"10.1080/17938120.2020.1770564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2020.1770564","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper applies the econometric Chow test to determine the impact of the recent oil price decline on the GCC banking system for the period 2011–2017. Structural breaks in the performance of selected sample GCC banks, Saudi, UAE, and Qatar banks, are tested upon the occurrence of the recent oil price decline in 2014 for different aspects of bank performance: profitability, liquidity, credit quality, and capitalization. While Qatar banks are found to be resilient showing continuous performance over time, the Saudi banks are found to be significantly impacted by the decline experiencing negative structural breaks at the credit quality level but positive breaks at the capitalization level. However, UAE banks are found to have experienced negative breaks at the profitability, credit quality, and capitalization levels. The paper provides GCC banks with valuable insights about what bank aspects could be negatively impacted in the event of negative oil price shocks and what aspects could help mitigate the impact. This helps banks introduce necessary changes and preventive actions to better absorb future shocks.","PeriodicalId":43862,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Development Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17938120.2020.1770564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45819360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

How does poverty differ among refugees? Taking a gender lens to the data on Syrian refugees in Jordan 难民的贫困状况有何不同?从性别视角看约旦境内叙利亚难民的数据

IF 0.5

Middle East Development Journal Pub Date : 2020-05-12 DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2020.1753995

Lucia Hanmer, Eliana Rubiano, Julieth Santamaria, Diana J. Arango

{"title":"How does poverty differ among refugees? Taking a gender lens to the data on Syrian refugees in Jordan","authors":"Lucia Hanmer, Eliana Rubiano, Julieth Santamaria, Diana J. Arango","doi":"10.1080/17938120.2020.1753995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2020.1753995","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many reports document the hardships experienced by refugees, highlighting that women and children are a highly vulnerable group. However, empirical analysis of how gender inequality impacts poverty among refugees is limited. We combine registration data for Syrian refugees in Jordan collected by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees with data from its Home Visit surveys to analyze income poverty rates among refugee households. We use an approach that captures the disruption to household structures that results from displacement to evaluate the poverty impacts, comparing refugee households with male and female principal applicants (PAs). We find that distinguishing between different types of principal applicant households is important. Half of the female PAs for nonnuclear households live below the poverty line compared to only one-fifth of male PAs for nonnuclear household. PAs who are widows and widowers also face high poverty risks. Households that have formed because of the unpredictable dynamics of forced displacement, such as unaccompanied children and single caregivers, emerge as extremely vulnerable groups. We show that differences in household composition and individual attributes of male and female PAs are not the only factors driving increased poverty risk. Gender-specific barriers which prevent women accessing labor markets are also a factor. Our findings show that gender inequality amplifies the poverty experienced by a significant number of refugees. Our approach can be used to help policy-makers design more effective programs of assistance and find durable solutions for displaced populations.","PeriodicalId":43862,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Development Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0