Historia-Santiago最新文献

{"title":"Para construir, comerciar y ¿proteger? La explotación del bosque caducifolio del llano en el antiguo departamento de Imperial (Región de la Araucanía), 1867 -1920","authors":"Matías González Marilicán, Fernando Torrejón Godoy","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942020000200477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942020000200477","url":null,"abstract":"The timber exploitation in the department of Imperial between 1867 and 1920 is analysed for the first time, taking into account the causes of this exploitation, the form in which the wood was harvested, and the environmental consequences of this activity. Primary sources (records and writings from travellers government officials and naturalists, among others) and secondary sources (primarily historical, archaeological and paleo-environmental studies) were analysed for this purpose. The results show that a) the forest was exploited due to constructive, ideological, and profit related motives, b) the wood was extracted using traditional methods, for example, by hand and with the aid of oxen, and c) the destruction of the forest lead to the loss of biodiversity, to micro-climatic changes and to the unusual flooding of rivers, due to riverbed silting, as a result of the deforestation.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72508855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La ocupación sonora de una ciudad irregular y los “trovadores de la tierra” en Asunción colonial (Paraguay, siglos XVI-XVII)","authors":"Laura Fahrenkrog","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942020000200407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942020000200407","url":null,"abstract":"The musical practices of Hispanic origin that arose in Spanish-American colonial cities, whether in the institutional sphere or in everyday life, were determined by the initial social conformation and the spatial and infrastructure development of cities. This article aims to present how some of these practices were established in Asuncion, Paraguay, during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, taking into account the socio-cultural and physical structure of the city to question the existent tension between models, regulations and their adaptations in complex and distant scenarios such as the one studied. In the framework of Cultural Urban History, and through the analysis of Council records and judicial processes, among others, the musical negotiations that affected the soundscape of the city in public and private festive contexts are addressed.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83121005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Nacional y Popular”: Vínculos y transferencias entre la Revolución boliviana y el ibañismo, 1952-1956","authors":"O. Avendaño, María José Henríquez","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942020000200337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942020000200337","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the Chilean receptiveness to the Bolivian revolution during Ibanez’s second administration (1952-1958) based on the histoire croisee approach and the concept of transfer. It shows that the Bolivian revolution, which erupted in April 1952, exerted influence and aroused interest in the main organizations that supported the Ibanez’s administration. The revolution was characterized by the massive participation of various sectors of Bolivian society, as well as by the nationalization of tin mining and the agrarian reform. At the same time, Ibanista organizations in Chile attracted by the national - populism underlying the Bolivian revolution, even proposing the need to try implementing procedures and initiatives adopted by the government of Paz Estenssoro.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72373050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Un enclave de indignidad. La fuga de Wolfgang Müller y los primeros años de Colonia Dignidad en Chile (1961-1966)","authors":"T. Villarroel","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942020000200661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942020000200661","url":null,"abstract":"Colonia Dignidad is usually associated with the period of the military dictatorship and the subsequent era of democratic governments. In this article, however, we analyze the origins of Colonia Dignidad dating back to its establishment in Chile in 1961. Based on German and Chilean documentary sources, we argue that the drastic isolation of the Colonia and its regime of the forced seclusion of its members, led to the development of a sectarian community. The escape of an underage youth, in 1966, demonstrates that the systematic violation of human rights was a constitutive element of the enclave controlled by Paul Schafer from its very beginning. Additionally, we study how the Colonia Dignidad phenomena interacted with the German and Chilean states and from the perspective of the historical period in which it emerged.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89544645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociedad, raza, educación y movilidad social: Colegio Real y Seminario Conciliar San Carlos Borromeo y Sacerdotes en Cartagena de Indias (1750-1810)","authors":"S. Solano D., Muriel Vanegas Beltrán, Roicer Flórez Bolívar","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942020000200631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942020000200631","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste articulo analiza las aspiraciones de familias de blancos y de libres de color de condicion social media por lograr reconocimiento social a traves de los estudios eclesiasticos y del ejercicio del sacerdocio en la Cartagena de Indias entre 1750 y 1810. Con base en fuentes primarias provenientes del Archivo General de la Nacion (Colombia), del Archivo General de Simancas y del Archivo de la Real Chancilleria de Valladolid (Espana), se estudia la creacion y el funcionamiento del Colegio Seminario Conciliar San Carlos Borromeo, asi como las aspiraciones de esas familias por acceder a la educacion en un contexto en el que predominaban las tensiones y los privilegios jerarquizados por razones raciales y estamentales. Se demuestra como en la Cartagena de fines de la Colonia las presiones y conflictos sociales externos abrieron algunos espacios en las instituciones (iglesia y milicias) para que esos sectores medios se posicionaran, y como esas instituciones encauzaron esas demandas para no permitir que las presiones se tradujeran en expresiones desafiantes para el orden social, negociando cierta movilidad social dentro de los canales institucionales. EnglishThis article analyzes the aspirations of middle-income white and freed black families to achieve social recognition through ecclesiastical studies and entering the priesthood in Cartagena de Indias between 1750 and 1810. Based on primary sources from the General Archive of the Nation (Colombia), from the General Archive of Simancas, and from the Archive of the Royal Chancery of Valladolid (Spain), this article studies the creation and operation of the seminary of San Carlos Borromeo, as well as the aspirations of these families to access education in a context in which tensions and hierarchical privileges prevailed for racial and stationary reasons. It is shown how in Cartagena at the end of the Colonial period the external pressures and social conflicts opened spaces in institutions (church and militias) so that those middle sectors could position themselves, and how those institutions channeled those demands to not allow the pressures to be translated into challenges directed to the social order, negotiating a certain social mobility within institutional channels.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86487164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estos rotos, Señor, lo que piden son garantías. Movimientos sociales, represión y muerte obrera en Atacama.(Taltal, 1900-1910)","authors":"Milton Godoy Orellana","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942020000200437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942020000200437","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the articulation process of the labor movement that occurred in the southern sector of the Atacama Desert. A historical phenomenon scarcely studied which contributes to the understanding of the period regarding the capitalist and business advancement in the region. It studies the economic and social situation of the first decade of the twentieth century, focusing on the workers’ situation and the articulation of a set of demands aimed at improving their working conditions and their responses when these rights were violated. This action resulted in the configuration of a solid social movement that, through the working press, strikes, and rallies represented their demands in the public space, involving the local community and provoking repression by the authorities that resulted in persecution, exile and death.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72729237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geopolítica americana a escala global. El estrecho de Magallanes y su condición de “pasaje-mundo” en el siglo XVI","authors":"Mauricio Onetto Pavez","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942020000200521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942020000200521","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the classifications assigned to the Strait of Magellan in the political-territorial configuration of the New World during the sixteenth century and related global dynamics happening at the time. The text is divided into three parts. The first is a theoretical reading of the historiographic problems and the temporalities surrounding the discovery of the Strait, which led to its identification as a “world-passage.” The second examines the facts, actors and territorialities that consolidated it as a geopolitical reference point between 1520 and 1560. And, finally, the third studies the variations in its strategic importance in the period between 1560-1580, variations that reveal its role in delineating, synchronizing and speculating on a series of continental issues that affected simultaneously local and global spaces.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89090603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Democracia Cristiana chilena ante el “dilema cubano”: Una historia de seducción y rupturas en clave transnacional (1956-1967)","authors":"Rafael Pedemonte","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942020000200561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942020000200561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78667727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economía política clásica y pauperismo: Debates maltusianos en Chile en el siglo XIX","authors":"Juan Pablo Couyoumdjian","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942020000200375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942020000200375","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89020865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"¡La cuestión social debe terminar! La dictadura de Carlos Ibáñez en clave populista, 1927-1931","authors":"J. Vallejos","doi":"10.4067/S0717-71942020000200591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942020000200591","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the feasibility of including the Military Dictatorship of General Carlos Ibanez del Campo (Chile, 1927-1931) among Latin America’s “classic” mid-twentieth century populist experiences. To that end, it focuses on its policies of labor legislation and working-class appeal, aimed at mitigating social conflicts through institutional co-optation and the expansion of State functions, invoking the restoration of a compromised “national unity.” It uses administrative and journalistic sources from the time and concludes that ibanista strategies managed to attract considerable popular support, thus making them comparable, in terms of both its aims and its results, to more extensively studied cases of “classic populism”.","PeriodicalId":43813,"journal":{"name":"Historia-Santiago","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75357110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}