B. Vemula, G. Spampinato, M. Hedelind, Xiaolong Feng, T. Brogårdh
{"title":"Structural synthesis of 3DOF articulated manipulators based on kinematic evaluation","authors":"B. Vemula, G. Spampinato, M. Hedelind, Xiaolong Feng, T. Brogårdh","doi":"10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766460","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, serial and parallelogram linkage structures are evaluated and compared, on the basis of kinematic performance measures such as workspace and manipulability. Tradeoff relationships between workspace manipulability are established for both the structures, using the configuration of the arm lengths as a design variable. The structures are also analyzed on the basis of their manipulation ability in specific regions of their workspace, providing additional design criteria during the selection of the kinematic structure in the synthesis of industrial articulated robots.","PeriodicalId":437814,"journal":{"name":"2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128166586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prosody-based adaptive metaphoric head and arm gestures synthesis in human robot interaction","authors":"A. Aly, A. Tapus","doi":"10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766507","url":null,"abstract":"In human-human interaction, the process of communication can be established through three modalities: verbal, non-verbal (i.e., gestures), and/or para-verbal (i.e., prosody). The linguistic literature shows that the para-verbal and non-verbal cues are naturally aligned and synchronized, however the natural mechanism of this synchronization is still unexplored. The difficulty encountered during the coordination between prosody and metaphoric head-arm gestures concerns the conveyed meaning, the way of performing gestures with respect to prosodic characteristics, their relative temporal arrangement, and their coordinated organization in the phrasal structure of utterance. In this research, we focus on the mechanism of mapping between head-arm gestures and speech prosodic characteristics in order to generate an adaptive robot behavior to the interacting human's emotional state. Prosody patterns and the motion curves of head-arm gestures are aligned separately into parallel Hidden Markov Models (HMM). The mapping between speech and head-arm gestures is based on the Coupled Hidden Markov Models (CHMM), which could be seen as a multi-stream collection of HMM, characterizing the segmented prosody and head-arm gestures' data. An emotional state based audio-video database has been created for the validation of this study. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.","PeriodicalId":437814,"journal":{"name":"2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128191413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simultaneous segmentation and recognition of hand gestures for human-robot interaction","authors":"Harold Vasquez Chavarria, H. Escalante, L. Sucar","doi":"10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766511","url":null,"abstract":"Gestures are a natural form of communication between people that is being increasingly used for human-robot interaction. There are many automatic techniques to recognize gestures, however, most of them assume that gestures are already segmented from continuous video, clearly, this is an unrealistic scenario for human-robot interaction. For instance, when commanding a service robot the agent must be aware at any time of the world (e.g., via continuous video) and ready to react when a user gives an order (e.g., using a gesture). In this paper we propose a method for addressing both tasks, segmentation and recognition of gestures, simultaneously. The proposed method is based on a novel video-stream exploration scheme called multi-size dynamic windows. Several windows of different sizes are dynamically created, each window is classified by a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Predictions are combined via a voting strategy and eventually the endpoint of a gesture is detected (segmentation). At that moment the method recognizes the gesture that has been just performed using a majority vote decision (recognition). The proposed method is intended to command a service robot by capturing information of user movements with a KinectTM sensor. We evaluated experimentally the proposed method with 5 different gestures suitable for commanding a service robot. Experimental results show that up to 82.76% of the gestures are correctly segmented. The corresponding recognition performance was of 89.58 %. We consider that this performance is acceptable for certain human-robot interaction scenarios.","PeriodicalId":437814,"journal":{"name":"2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126526337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Humanoid bending while carrying load: Influence of hip axes orientation layout on joint power","authors":"Maja Zorjan, V. Hugel","doi":"10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766503","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates how a different orientation layout of the humanoid hip joint rotary axes influences joint power in the particular case of knee and spine bending with additional loads in the hands. The objective is to show that a rotated orientation layout of the hip joints can help to better distribute the power among the hip joints compared with the classical layout - yaw, roll and pitch joints respectively along z-vertical, x-longitudinal, and y-lateral axes of the robot's body-where the hip joint has to support the entire load. The bending motion is simulated dynamically with different load weights, and with different angles of rotation of the hip joint axes about the x-axis. In addition to power consumption, torque-versus-speed diagrams are also taken into account for the motor sizing process.","PeriodicalId":437814,"journal":{"name":"2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117250694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. M. Pedro, Guilherme Fernandes, Marius Stücheli, A. Siqueira, G. Caurin
{"title":"A robust manipulation strategy based on impedance control parameters changes and smooth trajectories","authors":"L. M. Pedro, Guilherme Fernandes, Marius Stücheli, A. Siqueira, G. Caurin","doi":"10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766514","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new manipulation strategy that combines smooth trajectories with an impedance controller which parameters are adapted in time of execution. The proposal uses a single control law during all manipulation phases, i.e. when the robot is in contact with the object, and during regrasping when the robot moves freely in space. The manipulator impedance changes during the different manipulation phases and this is achieved modifying mass, stiffness and damping parameters of the controller. Controller stability is further enhanced by the adoption of smooth trajectories that are generated using a compact and computationally light Squeezed Screws Planner. Additionally, the approach shows good response to the occurrence of unplanned contact or collisions. Experimental results with an industrial manipulator unscrewing a jar cap, provides interesting data about performance and show the benefits of the adopted manipulation strategy.","PeriodicalId":437814,"journal":{"name":"2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129316402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A decentralized fault detection and isolation strategy for networked robots","authors":"F. Arrichiello, A. Marino, F. Pierri","doi":"10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766562","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a distributed Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) strategy, applied in conjunction with a distributed controller-observer schema, for a team of networked robots. Differently from other works in literature, the proposed FDI approach makes each robot of the team able to detect and isolate input faults of other robots even if not directly connected to it. The residual dynamics of the FDI observers are analytically investigated, and adaptive thresholds are derived to avoid the occurrence of false alarms in the presence of nonzero initial observer estimation errors. The approach is validated via numerical simulations in the case of time-varying centroid and formation control tasks.","PeriodicalId":437814,"journal":{"name":"2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114494369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reaching hidden objects based on memory of environmental states and robot's movement and manipulation","authors":"Akihiro Ichimura, I. Mizuuchi","doi":"10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766497","url":null,"abstract":"We aim at a robot that searches domestic objects with various manipulations of environments such as opening a drawer. A robot memorizes places of them and reaches them again even if they are hidden, e.g. an object in a drawer. We think that the location of the robot should be represented not based on Cartesian coordinates but based on the state of each environment, because robot's action to reach hidden objects varies by the state of each environment. The robot will reach the place of the memorized object by the action based on the integrated memory of movement and manipulation when the robot was searching the object. This paper describes the concept and the basic method of memorizing robot's movement and manipulation integratedly, and generating the action to reach hidden objects based on the memory.","PeriodicalId":437814,"journal":{"name":"2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130238839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Firas Abi-Farraj, Daniel C. Asmar, Elie A. Shammas, I. Elhajj
{"title":"Non-iterative planar visual odometry using a monocular camera","authors":"Firas Abi-Farraj, Daniel C. Asmar, Elie A. Shammas, I. Elhajj","doi":"10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766475","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a visual odometry system for ground vehicles using a single downward-facing camera. Our method calculates the motion from a monocular camera without using any probabilistic (non-deterministic) or iterative routines neither for motion estimation nor for outliers rejection. Accordingly, the proposed method improves the accuracy, the certainty, and the speed of the algorithm. Our method is validated for real data sets and shows competitive accuracy and robustness with a loop closure error reaching as low as 1.25% for a run of 460 meters.","PeriodicalId":437814,"journal":{"name":"2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130952506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Rodrigues, C. Cardeira, F. Carreira, J. Calado, P. Oliveira
{"title":"Experimental validation of a visual odometry system for indoor unstructured environments","authors":"J. Rodrigues, C. Cardeira, F. Carreira, J. Calado, P. Oliveira","doi":"10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766496","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this paper is to present a visual odometry system, for localization of mobile robot in indoor unstructured environments, using only ceiling depth images, captured by a Kinect sensor. The use of odometric sensors is a common practice for localization of mobile robots. The method proposed in this work exploits information from an independent source of depth data and thus allows to complement or substitute the use of classic odometric sensors, like wheels encoders, with well known limitations. The experimental validation of the proposed solution shows that the method is able to accurately compute the attitude and linear velocities that allow a more precise mobile robot localization, even in presence of corrupted data from the sensor. Furthermore, the method works in an extended range of lighting conditions, without the need to perform any specific feature extraction.","PeriodicalId":437814,"journal":{"name":"2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131159760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hoffmann, A. Angerer, A. Schierl, M. Vistein, W. Reif
{"title":"Managing extensibility and maintainability of industrial robotics software","authors":"A. Hoffmann, A. Angerer, A. Schierl, M. Vistein, W. Reif","doi":"10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAR.2013.6766561","url":null,"abstract":"As neither the set of robotics devices nor the operations they can execute is fixed, a software framework for robotics should be extensible. Moreover, as the environment the robots work in changes, the application controlling them must be easily adaptable to changing requirements. When this can be achieved at run-time, it leads to a continuous evolution of robotics software. This paper presents an object-oriented software framework, the Java-based Robotics API, that facilitates extensibility with code reuse. By integrating the framework into the dynamic module system OSGi, it is possible to continuously evolve a robotics application (including its real-time capable parts).","PeriodicalId":437814,"journal":{"name":"2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132927224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}