{"title":"Points de vue ethnographiques comparés sur la structure sociale : le défi d’articuler les niveaux d’analyse micro et macro","authors":"A. Cicourel, P. Gonzalez","doi":"10.3917/ds.442.0305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ds.442.0305","url":null,"abstract":"Le concept de « microstructure sociale » est ici apprehende comme un niveau d’enonciation necessitant une reference explicite a des processus de connaissance et des systemes de memoire specifiques. Ces processus et ces systemes sont inities et entretenus par des contacts conscients et inconscients avec soi-meme et avec autrui : ils comprennent l’observation verbale et non verbale des contextes de la vie quotidienne. Ainsi, la vie en collectivite est rendue possible par un raisonnement au niveau micro, qui revet des dimensions affectives, cognitives, analogiques et relationnelles ; cette vie est egalement permise par divers types d’evenements communicationnels et par un savoir normatif et tacite considere comme allant de soi. La « macrostructure sociale » designe des formes complexes et etendues d’activites organisationnelles : des actions socioculturelles, politico-economiques, sociohistoriques, ainsi que des comportements et des actes communicationnels agreges sur le plan micro. Ces activites sont essentielles pour generer des donnees demographiques, des sondages et des archives historiques, bien que ce materiau ignore les phenomenes se deroulant de facon tacite au niveau micro : la memoire procedurale inconsciente et episodique consciente se deployant en temps reel et en conditions reelles, le recours au langage familier, les evenements gestuels, les procedures visant a documenter des pratiques, les formes ordinaires de la vie quotidienne d’une collectivite. Cette contribution examine des aspects negocies de la medecine clinique comportementale ambulatoire telle qu’elle emerge dans des contextes ethnographiques localises, ces elements etant observes et documentes instant apres instant. Cette contribution vise notamment a clarifier le concept micro de « surcharge cognitive », cette surcharge etant entendue comme un obstacle cognitif/comportemental inherent a tous les environnements communicationnels et ecologiques socialement organises. Les donnees issues de l’observation participante tirent parti des comparaisons temporelles et situationnelles de la methode mise en œuvre pour etudier et expliquer la microstructure sociale. Celle-ci se revele essentielle pour comprendre la macrostructure dans ses dimensions normative, socialement organisee et institutionnalisee – ce qui comprend les activites complexes appelees « cliniques medicales » et « milieux hospitaliers », ces instances etant integrees dans des mesostructures abstraites, tels que les systemes macro-economiques.","PeriodicalId":43688,"journal":{"name":"Deviance et Societe","volume":"36 1","pages":"305-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73549330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lire ou relire La justice des mineurs d’Aaron Cicourel cinquante après sa parution : quatre angles de lecture","authors":"S. Bordreuil","doi":"10.3917/ds.442.0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ds.442.0177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43688,"journal":{"name":"Deviance et Societe","volume":"23 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82517244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Les ruses de la transgression juvénile. Défier les adultes : style de déviance et engagement existentiel","authors":"Kamel Boukir","doi":"10.3917/ds.442.0249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ds.442.0249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43688,"journal":{"name":"Deviance et Societe","volume":"37 1","pages":"249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83149895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assignation à domicile et autorisation(s) de sortie dans un ordre négocié","authors":"E. Euvrard","doi":"10.3917/ds.441.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ds.441.0049","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article s’interesse a la maniere dont les agents de surveillance communautaire construisent leur competence relationnelle au sein d’un systeme dote de contraintes. A partir d’une analyse des autorisations de sorties donnees dans le cadre d’une assignation a domicile au Quebec, l’article cherche a comprendre comment les agents gerent la tension entre controle et aide inherente a la peine d’emprisonnement avec sursis et comment ils integrent les contraintes du systeme a leur prise de decision. Les resultats montrent que les autorisations peuvent etre utilisees comme outil d’intervention, de collaboration ou de reinsertion sociale. Ils soulignent egalement que si les pratiques des agents s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’un systeme fonde sur la gestion des risques, elles evoluent au fil des relations avec les contrevenants, et sont susceptibles d’etre inflechies par la confiance qui se cree entre l’agent et le contrevenant.","PeriodicalId":43688,"journal":{"name":"Deviance et Societe","volume":"6 1","pages":"49-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80943762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Injures raciales et condition sociale d’après les enquêtes françaises de victimation","authors":"Sébastien Delarre","doi":"10.3917/ds.441.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ds.441.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article propose un ensemble de resultats et de methodes portant sur l’exploitation des injures telles qu’elles sont reportees dans les donnees de « Cadre de Vie et Securite » (CVS), enquete annuelle francaise portant sur la victimation. Une large part du document est consacree au traitement effectue sur cette source textuelle. L’article s’attache ensuite a explorer la nature des injures en fonction des caracteristiques des victimes. Le role de la saillance des traits ethniques est ensuite aborde a travers une methode de detection originale. Notre principal resultat est que la saillance du critere ethnique n’est pas directe et apparait dependante du statut social de la victime.","PeriodicalId":43688,"journal":{"name":"Deviance et Societe","volume":"1 1","pages":"11-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91159101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabriquer un « dangereux ennemi terroriste » : une étude de cas suisse sur les implications d’une prophétie","authors":"Ahmed Ajil, Manon Jendly","doi":"10.3917/DS.444.0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/DS.444.0115","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article analyse le cas de Sami, un demandeur d’asile irakien condamne en Suisse pour appartenance presumee au groupe « Etat islamique » (EI). Sur la base de documents judiciaires, cliniques et administratifs ainsi que d’entretiens approfondis avec les personnes concernees, il analyse comment peut progressivement se cimenter l’image d’un dangereux terroriste de l’EI et en discute les principaux enseignements qui peuvent en etre tires pour notre comprehension des dysfonctionnements du systeme penal (miscarriages of justice) et notre engagement en tant que chercheurs avec le phenomene dit « terroriste ».","PeriodicalId":43688,"journal":{"name":"Deviance et Societe","volume":"48 1","pages":"633-663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89609754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aaron Cicourel ou le pari du social dans sa juste mesure","authors":"P. Sánchez","doi":"10.3917/ds.442.0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ds.442.0155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43688,"journal":{"name":"Deviance et Societe","volume":"21 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79954416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L’application du droit à l’hébergement comme enjeu sanitaire et économique : étude sociologique de l’accès à l’hébergement à Marseille","authors":"Camille Allaria","doi":"10.3917/ds.443.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ds.443.0111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43688,"journal":{"name":"Deviance et Societe","volume":"89 1","pages":"453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73851379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dieudonné : antisémitisme, panique morale et communauté déviante","authors":"S. Proust, Jérôme Michalon, M. Maurin, C. Noûs","doi":"10.3917/ds.443.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ds.443.0041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43688,"journal":{"name":"Deviance et Societe","volume":"43 1","pages":"383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91193853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le jazz en prison : l’apport des récits des musiciens","authors":"Barry Maxwell, G. Salle","doi":"10.3917/DS.444.0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/DS.444.0147","url":null,"abstract":"Although the prison experience has been an integral part of the lives of many of them, the narratives of criminalized and incarcerated jazz musicians have hardly been identified or examined as such within critical prison studies. This article – originally published in 2002 – intends to help fill this gap by arguing that autobiographies of jazz musicians, many of whom have been incarcerated on narcotics charges, deserve closer consideration as a sub-genre of prison literature. Drawing primarily on Raise Up Off Me, the 1974 life story of African-American pianist Hampton Hawes, and Straight Life, the 1979 narrative of white saxophone player Art Pepper, it elaborates upon how imprisonment did affect their respective attitudes about racial and social issues, emphasizing the tension between the destructive logic of the jail scene and the emancipatory effect of the jazz scene.","PeriodicalId":43688,"journal":{"name":"Deviance et Societe","volume":"24 1","pages":"665-684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86244901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}