ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems最新文献_第3页

On Practical Nearest Sub-Trajectory Queries under the Fréchet Distance Fréchet距离下的实用最近子轨迹查询

IF 1.9

ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1145/3587426

Joachim Gudmundsson, John Pfeifer, Martin P. Seybold

{"title":"On Practical Nearest Sub-Trajectory Queries under the Fréchet Distance","authors":"Joachim Gudmundsson, John Pfeifer, Martin P. Seybold","doi":"10.1145/3587426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587426","url":null,"abstract":"We study the problem of sub-trajectory nearest-neighbor queries on polygonal curves under the continuous Fréchet distance. Given an n vertex trajectory P and an m vertex query trajectory Q, we seek to report a vertex-aligned sub-trajectory P′ of P that is closest to Q, i.e., P′ must start and end on contiguous vertices of P. Since in real data P typically contains a very large number of vertices, we focus on answering queries, without restrictions on P or Q, using only precomputed structures of 𝒪(n) size. We use three baseline algorithms from straightforward extensions of known work; however, they have impractical performance on realistic inputs. Therefore, we propose a new Hierarchical Simplification Tree (HST) data structure and an adaptive clustering-based query algorithm that efficiently explores relevant parts of P. The core of our query methods is a novel greedy-backtracking algorithm that solves the Fréchet decision problem using 𝒪(n+m) space and 𝒪O(nm) time in the worst case. Experiments on real and synthetic data show that our heuristic effectively prunes the search space and greatly reduces computations compared to baseline approaches.","PeriodicalId":43641,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46249414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Agent Based Modeling of the Spread of Social Unrest Using Infectious Disease Models 基于Agent的传染病模型的社会动荡传播建模

IF 1.9

ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1145/3587463

Anup Adhikari, Leen-Kiat Soh, Deepti Joshi, A. Samal, Regina Werum

{"title":"Agent Based Modeling of the Spread of Social Unrest Using Infectious Disease Models","authors":"Anup Adhikari, Leen-Kiat Soh, Deepti Joshi, A. Samal, Regina Werum","doi":"10.1145/3587463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3587463","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research suggests that the timing and location of social unrest may be influenced by similar unrest activities in another nearby region, potentially causing a spread of unrest activities across space and time. In this paper, we model the spread of social unrest across time and space using a novel approach, grounded in agent-based modeling (ABM). In it, regions (geographic polygons) are represented as agents that transition from one state to another based on changes in their environment. Our approach involves (1) creating a vector for each region/agent based on socio-demographic, infrastructural, economic, geographic, and environmental (SIEGE) factors, (2) formulating a neighborhood distance function to identify an agent's neighbors based on geospatial distance and SIEGE proximity, (3) designing transition probability equations based on two distinct compartmental models—i.e., the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) and the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) models, and (4) building a ground truth for evaluating the simulations. We use ABM to determine the individualized probabilities of each region/agent to transition from one state to another. The models are tested using the districts of three states in India as agents at a monthly scale for 2016-2019. For ground truth of unrest events, we use the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) dataset. Our findings include that (1) the transition probability equations are viable, (2) the agent-based modeling of the spread of social unrest is feasible while treating regions as agents (Brier's score < 0.25 for two out of three regions), and (3) the SIS model performs comparatively better than the SIR model.","PeriodicalId":43641,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47931483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Point Set Registration for Target Localization Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 用于无人机目标定位的点集配准

IF 1.9

ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems Pub Date : 2023-03-04 DOI: 10.1145/3586575

Dhruvil Darji, G. Vejarano

{"title":"Point Set Registration for Target Localization Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","authors":"Dhruvil Darji, G. Vejarano","doi":"10.1145/3586575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3586575","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of point set registration (PSR) on images obtained using a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is addressed in this article. UAVs are given a flight plan each, which they execute autonomously. A flight plan consists of a series of GPS coordinates and altitudes that indicate where the UAV stops and hovers momentarily to capture an image of stationary targets on ground. A PSR algorithm is proposed that, given any two images and corresponding GPS coordinates and altitude, estimates the overlap between the images, identifies targets in the overlapping area, and matches these targets according to the geometric patterns they form. The algorithm estimates the overlap considering the error in UAVs’ locations due to wind, and it differentiates similar geometrical patterns by their GPS location. The algorithm is evaluated using the percentage of targets in the overlapping area that are matched correctly and the percentage of overlapping images matched correctly. The target-matching rate achieved using only the GPS locations of targets varied from 44% to 55% for target densities that varied from 6.4 down to 3.2 targets/m2. The proposed algorithm achieved target-matching rates of 48% to 87%. Well-known algorithms for PSR achieved lower rates on average.","PeriodicalId":43641,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43431179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Special Issue on the Best Papers from the 2020 ACM SIGSPATIAL Conference 社论:2020年ACM SIGSPATIAL会议最佳论文特刊

IF 1.9

ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1145/3573198

Walid G. Aref

引用次数: 0

Temporal Cascade Model for Analyzing Spread in Evolving Networks 用于分析进化网络中扩散的时间级联模型

IF 1.9

ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1145/3579996

Aparajita Haldar, Shuang Wang, G. Demirci, Joe Oakley, H. Ferhatosmanoğlu

{"title":"Temporal Cascade Model for Analyzing Spread in Evolving Networks","authors":"Aparajita Haldar, Shuang Wang, G. Demirci, Joe Oakley, H. Ferhatosmanoğlu","doi":"10.1145/3579996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3579996","url":null,"abstract":"Current approaches for modeling propagation in networks (e.g., of diseases, computer viruses, rumors) cannot adequately capture temporal properties such as order/duration of evolving connections or dynamic likelihoods of propagation along connections. Temporal models on evolving networks are crucial in applications that need to analyze dynamic spread. For example, a disease spreading virus has varying transmissibility based on interactions between individuals occurring with different frequency, proximity, and venue population density. Similarly, propagation of information having a limited active period, such as rumors, depends on the temporal dynamics of social interactions. To capture such behaviors, we first develop the Temporal Independent Cascade (T-IC) model with a spread function that efficiently utilizes a hypergraph-based sampling strategy and dynamic propagation probabilities. We prove this function to be submodular, with guarantees of approximation quality. This enables scalable analysis on highly granular temporal networks where other models struggle, such as when the spread across connections exhibits arbitrary temporally evolving patterns. We then introduce the notion of “reverse spread” using the proposed T-IC processes, and develop novel solutions to identify both sentinel/detector nodes and highly susceptible nodes. Extensive analysis on real-world datasets shows that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the alternatives in modeling both if and how spread occurs, by considering evolving network topology alongside granular contact/interaction information. Our approach has numerous applications, such as virus/rumor/influence tracking. Utilizing T-IC, we explore vital challenges of monitoring the impact of various intervention strategies over real spatio-temporal contact networks where we show our approach to be highly effective.","PeriodicalId":43641,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42833303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Multiple-level Point Embedding for Solving Human Trajectory Imputation with Prediction 基于预测的多层次点嵌入求解人类轨迹输入

IF 1.9

ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1145/3582427

K. K. Qin, Yongli Ren, Wei Shao, Brennan Lake, Filippo Privitera, Flora D. Salim

{"title":"Multiple-level Point Embedding for Solving Human Trajectory Imputation with Prediction","authors":"K. K. Qin, Yongli Ren, Wei Shao, Brennan Lake, Filippo Privitera, Flora D. Salim","doi":"10.1145/3582427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3582427","url":null,"abstract":"Sparsity is a common issue in many trajectory datasets, including human mobility data. This issue frequently brings more difficulty to relevant learning tasks, such as trajectory imputation and prediction. Nowadays, little existing work simultaneously deals with imputation and prediction on human trajectories. This work plans to explore whether the learning process of imputation and prediction could benefit from each other to achieve better outcomes. And the question will be answered by studying the coexistence patterns between missing points and observed ones in incomplete trajectories. More specifically, the proposed model develops an imputation component based on the self-attention mechanism to capture the coexistence patterns between observations and missing points among encoder-decoder layers. Meanwhile, a recurrent unit is integrated to extract the sequential embeddings from newly imputed sequences for predicting the following location. Furthermore, a new implementation called Imputation Cycle is introduced to enable gradual imputation with prediction enhancement at multiple levels, which helps to accelerate the speed of convergence. The experimental results on three different real-world mobility datasets show that the proposed approach has significant advantages over the competitive baselines across both imputation and prediction tasks in terms of accuracy and stability.","PeriodicalId":43641,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44100779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Dynamic Straggler Mitigation for Large-Scale Spatial Simulations 大尺度空间模拟的动态离散体缓解

IF 1.9

ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1145/3578933

Eman Bin Khunayn, Hairuo Xie, S. Karunasekera, K. Ramamohanarao

{"title":"Dynamic Straggler Mitigation for Large-Scale Spatial Simulations","authors":"Eman Bin Khunayn, Hairuo Xie, S. Karunasekera, K. Ramamohanarao","doi":"10.1145/3578933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3578933","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial simulations have been widely used to study real-world environments, such as transportation systems. Applications like prediction and analysis of transportation require the simulation to handle millions of objects while running faster than real time. Running such large-scale simulation requires high computational power, which can be provided through parallel distributed computing. Implementations of parallel distributed spatial simulations usually follow a bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) model to ensure the correctness of simulation. The processing in BSP is divided into iterations of computation and communication, running on multiple workers, followed by a global barrier synchronisation to ensure that all communications are concluded. Unfortunately, the BSP model is plagued by the straggler problem, where a delay in any worker slows down the entire simulation. Stragglers may occur for many reasons, including imbalanced workload distribution or communication and synchronisation delays. The straggler problem can become more severe with increasing parallelism and continuous change of workload distribution among workers. This article proposes methods to dynamically mitigate stragglers and tackle communication delays. The proposed strategies can rebalance the workload distribution during simulation. These methods employ the spatial properties of the simulated environments to combine a flexible synchronisation model with decentralised dynamic load balancing and on-demand resource allocation. All proposed methods are implemented and evaluated using a microscopic traffic simulator as an example of large-scale spatial simulations. We run traffic simulations for Melbourne, Beijing and New York with different straggler scenarios. Our methods significantly improve simulation performance compared to advanced methods such as global dynamic load balancing.","PeriodicalId":43641,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44275670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Geo-Tile2Vec: A Multi-Modal and Multi-Stage Embedding Framework for Urban Analytics geotile2vec:城市分析的多模态和多阶段嵌入框架

IF 1.9

ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.1145/3571741

Yan-Min Luo, C. Leong, Shuhai Jiao, F. Chung, Wenjie Li, Guoping Liu

{"title":"Geo-Tile2Vec: A Multi-Modal and Multi-Stage Embedding Framework for Urban Analytics","authors":"Yan-Min Luo, C. Leong, Shuhai Jiao, F. Chung, Wenjie Li, Guoping Liu","doi":"10.1145/3571741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571741","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are very complex systems. Representing urban regions are essential for exploring, understanding, and predicting properties and features of cities. The enrichment of multi-modal urban big data has provided opportunities for researchers to enhance urban region embedding. However, existing works failed to develop an integrated pipeline that fully utilizes effective and informative data sources within geographic units. In this article, we regard a geo-tile as a geographic unit and propose a multi-modal and multi-stage representation learning framework, namely Geo-Tile2Vec, for urban analytics, especially for urban region properties identification. Specifically, in the early stage, geo-tile embeddings are firstly inferred through dynamic mobility events which are combinations of point-of-interest (POI) data and trajectory data by a Word2Vec-like model and metric learning. Then, in the latter stage, we use static street-level imagery to further enrich the embedding information by metric learning. Lastly, the framework learns distributed geo-tile embeddings for the given multi-modal data. We conduct experiments on real-world urban datasets. Four downstream tasks, i.e., main POI category classification task, main land use category classification task, restaurant average price regression task, and firm number regression task, are adopted for validating the effectiveness of the proposed framework in representing geo-tiles. Our proposed framework can significantly improve the performances of all downstream tasks. In addition, we also demonstrate that geo-tiles with similar urban region properties are geometrically closer in the vector space.","PeriodicalId":43641,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43264800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Introduction to the Special Issue on Understanding the Spread of COVID-19, Part 2 了解新冠肺炎传播特刊导言（下）

IF 1.9

ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.1145/3568669

Andreas Züfle, T. Anderson, Song Gao

引用次数: 0

Robust Routing Using Electrical Flows 使用电流的鲁棒路由

IF 1.9

ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1145/3567421

A. Sinop, Lisa Fawcett, Sreenivas Gollapudi, Kostas Kollias

{"title":"Robust Routing Using Electrical Flows","authors":"A. Sinop, Lisa Fawcett, Sreenivas Gollapudi, Kostas Kollias","doi":"10.1145/3567421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3567421","url":null,"abstract":"Generating alternative routes in road networks is an application of significant interest for online navigation systems. A high quality set of diverse alternate routes offers two functionalities - a) support multiple (unknown) preferences that the user may have; and b) robust to changes in network conditions. We formulate a new quantification of the latter in this paper, and propose a novel method to produce alternative routes based on concepts from electrical flows and their decompositions. Our method is fundamentally different from the main techniques that produce alternative routes in road networks, which are the penalty and the plateau methods, with the former providing high quality results but being too slow for practical use and the latter being fast but suffering in terms of quality. We evaluate our method against the penalty and plateau methods, showing that it is as fast as the plateau method while also recovering much of the headroom towards the quality of the penalty method. The metrics we use to evaluate performance include the stretch (the average cost of the routes), the diversity, and the robustness (the connectivity between the origin and destination) of the induced set of routes.","PeriodicalId":43641,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78694915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0