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Studies in Christian Ethics最新文献

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Renewing the Challenge of Peace through the Promise of Active Nonviolence 通过积极的非暴力承诺重新迎接和平的挑战
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Studies in Christian Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1177/09539468241261190
A. Scheid
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引用次数: 0
The Doctrinal Status of Just War in the Contemporary Teaching of the Catholic Magisterium 正义战争在当代天主教教义中的教义地位
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Studies in Christian Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/09539468241258994
G. Reichberg
{"title":"The Doctrinal Status of Just War in the Contemporary Teaching of the Catholic Magisterium","authors":"G. Reichberg","doi":"10.1177/09539468241258994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09539468241258994","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the doctrinal status of just war in the contemporary teaching of the Catholic magisterium. Some passages from Pope Francis’s 2020 encyclical Fratelli tutti, On Fraternity and Social Friendship appear to exclude the just war idea from the social doctrine of the Catholic Church. To gauge whether this is so, the article establishes a baseline comparison to the seminal teaching of Thomas Aquinas on peace and just war. Both St. Thomas and Pope Francis proceed from the assumption that “war” designates a sinful violation of peace. They appear to differ, however, on the question whether a positive meaning should be ascribed to the Roman term bellum justum. To understand if this divergence is purely verbal or involves a substantive disagreement, I consider why Pope Francis’s predecessors have (since the mid-twentieth century) abstained from employing the expression “just war” in their official documents. Finally, Pope Francis’s emphatic statement that St. Augustine ‘forged a concept of “just war” that we no longer uphold in our own day’ is interpreted in light of the passage from his Epistle 229 to Darius that Francis references in Fratelli tutti.","PeriodicalId":43593,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Christian Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Just War or Just Peace: Some Observations on the Debate in Germany 正义战争还是正义和平？对德国辩论的一些看法
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Studies in Christian Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/09539468241258950
Bernhard Koch
{"title":"Just War or Just Peace: Some Observations on the Debate in Germany","authors":"Bernhard Koch","doi":"10.1177/09539468241258950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09539468241258950","url":null,"abstract":"In the debate on peace ethics in Germany, it is constantly argued that the ‘doctrine of just war’ must be replaced by a ‘doctrine of just peace’. The criteriology of just war can at best be preserved within a doctrine of just peace. However, it is often overlooked that—although the word ‘peace’ may sound nicer than ‘war’—a doctrine of just peace is also fraught with great difficulties in terms of content. The concept of peace can be interpreted in different ways; the concept of justice must even be differentiated if it is to have meaning at all. Ultimately, the two concepts point to a different understanding of tradition and historicity: while the doctrine of just war takes its criteria from the tradition, the idea of just peace attempts to draw conclusions for the present from drafts or blueprints of the future. However, since the drafts can turn out differently, new conflicts will arise precisely for this reason. Talk of ‘just peace’ might be more pleasing to the public, but does not necessarily have to be more restrictive in terms of violence.","PeriodicalId":43593,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Christian Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141383750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Limited Force: Prudence Below the Threshold of War 论有限武力：战争门槛下的审慎
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Studies in Christian Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/09539468241258946
Esther D. Reed
{"title":"On Limited Force: Prudence Below the Threshold of War","authors":"Esther D. Reed","doi":"10.1177/09539468241258946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09539468241258946","url":null,"abstract":"This article asks how military ethics should respond to adversaries deliberately conducting hostilities below the threshold of war. Three options are considered: a novel, limited force paradigm; an expanded hostilities paradigm, i.e., within the law of armed conflict; and an international law enforcement paradigm derived primarily from human rights law. None is problem-free. Mindful of under-deployed classic just war reasoning arguments for discrimination between vices opposed to peace, this article argues against an expanded hostilities paradigm and shows that the retributive, ‘equilibrium of justice’ test used sometimes to support such an expansion is necessary but not sufficient. It explains the need for further examination of whether/how Aquinas and his interpreters can/should conceive of actions under the paradigm of war occurring against non-state actors.","PeriodicalId":43593,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Christian Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Just War as a Theory, Just Peace as a Virtue 正义战争是一种理论，正义和平是一种美德
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Studies in Christian Ethics Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/09539468241257764
L. Cahill
{"title":"Just War as a Theory, Just Peace as a Virtue","authors":"L. Cahill","doi":"10.1177/09539468241257764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09539468241257764","url":null,"abstract":"Pope Francis both grants the right to use armed force in self-defense and regards all war as ‘a defeat for humanity’. This seeming paradox can be explained by the fact that what is a theoretically just use of force (according to the criteria of just war theory) inevitably results in unjust violence when carried out in practice. The undertaking, processes and practices of war are highly susceptible to what Augustine called the libido dominandi. The theory of just war is carried forward in institutions of actual war-making that foster escalation, discourage restraint, and adapt the theory itself to accommodate increasing violence. ‘Just war’ fails to embody the social and institutional virtue of justice. Thus, as Pope Francis exhorts, the Christian ethics of war and peace should prioritize the theory of just peace and the cultivation of peacebuilding dispositions, practices, and institutions. These strategies favor justice, but success is not guaranteed.","PeriodicalId":43593,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Christian Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reading the ‘Signs of the Time’: Just War Statecraft and the ‘Immorality’ of Nuclear Weapons 解读 "时代征兆"：正义战争国策与核武器的 "不道德性
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Studies in Christian Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/09539468241257768
Christian Nikolaus Braun
{"title":"Reading the ‘Signs of the Time’: Just War Statecraft and the ‘Immorality’ of Nuclear Weapons","authors":"Christian Nikolaus Braun","doi":"10.1177/09539468241257768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09539468241257768","url":null,"abstract":"This article grapples with the justifiability of nuclear deterrence in the aftermath of Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine. Disillusioned about the failed promise of nuclear disarmament, as well as other ethical issues inherent to nuclear weapons, Pope Francis has attached the immorality label not just to the use of the Bomb but also to its very possession. This step, which his predecessors hesitated to take during the Cold War and the quarter of a century after the fall of the Berlin Wall, has received considerable attention. However, these assessments precede the war against Ukraine. Given that the regime of Vladimir Putin has repeatedly made nuclear threats in the context of this war, and a Cold War 2.0 of sorts has returned, there is reason to reappraise Francis's argument on nuclear weapons for a post-2022 era. I argue with regret that in light of the contemporary security environment it would be a sign of irresponsible statecraft to abandon the nuclear deterrent unilaterally. At the same time, I hold that a renewed and genuine effort needs to be made not just to avoid nuclear war but to create a culture that one day will lead to complete nuclear disarmament.","PeriodicalId":43593,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Christian Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incoherences and Incompatibilities: Just Peace and Just War in Contemporary German Protestantism 不一致与不相容：当代德国新教中的正义和平与正义战争
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Studies in Christian Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/09539468241257765
Therese Feiler
{"title":"Incoherences and Incompatibilities: Just Peace and Just War in Contemporary German Protestantism","authors":"Therese Feiler","doi":"10.1177/09539468241257765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09539468241257765","url":null,"abstract":"This article revisits some of the main tenets and problems of the Just Peace concept as developed in the German Protestant Church, showing how it is beset by incoherences, ironical returns of expanded violence, as well as the problem of abstraction: once the Just Peace concept is applied to concrete problems, it runs dry. The article then examines some recent contributions made under the wider umbrella of ‘peace ethics’, showing that attempts to combine the Just Peace and bellum iustum are bound to fail. It then retraces the present shift to Just War thinking that reorders the basic terms, whilst also retaining some of the tenets of the Just Peace approach. Some refinements of these developments are indicated.","PeriodicalId":43593,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Christian Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Just War and Judgment in Fratelli Tutti Fratelli Tutti》中的正义战争与审判
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Studies in Christian Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1177/09539468241257766
Joseph E. Capizzi
{"title":"Just War and Judgment in Fratelli Tutti","authors":"Joseph E. Capizzi","doi":"10.1177/09539468241257766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09539468241257766","url":null,"abstract":"For decades the papal tradition has renounced the term ‘war’ as something around which to build an ethical approach. One can sympathize with this: resort to war seems the consequence of ethical failure and brings in its train a host of brutalities including rape, torture, and murder that harm both victims and perpetrators. But that view of ‘war’ is an incomplete representation of the possibilities of the uses of force to secure legitimate political goods. Thus the popes have struggled to maintain a clear voice in the face of abject tragedies like the Russian invasion of Ukraine: on the one hand, Pope Francis condemns war in an almost absolute manner; on the other, he recognizes the legitimacy of Ukrainian defensive uses of force. In so doing, of course, he merely abides the so-called ‘just war theory’ he seems to have discarded. My contribution will focus on the current state of the just war in Catholic teaching. I will maintain the state remains where it has been since at least the middle of the twentieth century: skeptical about the capacity of states to judge in terms of international law, but cognizant of their right to defend themselves against ongoing aggression.","PeriodicalId":43593,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Christian Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141168041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Between Pacifism and Just War: Oikonomia and Eastern Orthodox Political Theology 和平主义与正义战争之间：经济学与东正教政治神学
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Studies in Christian Ethics Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/09539468241257767
Vassilios Paipais
{"title":"Between Pacifism and Just War: Oikonomia and Eastern Orthodox Political Theology","authors":"Vassilios Paipais","doi":"10.1177/09539468241257767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09539468241257767","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars have often focused on the doctrinal and canonical reasons for the lack of a just war tradition in the Eastern Orthodox Church. The consensus seems to be that the Eastern Orthodox Church, for historical as well as theological reasons, has never developed a doctrine for the justification or the containment of war but was rather orientated to the question of peace (albeit without being pacifist) and the theological imperative of deification. There is, however, another reason why just war concerns never found fertile ground in Eastern Orthodoxy. Byzantine political theology carried an anarchistic theocratic dynamic that remained in tension with any effort to sanctify the Empire or its martyrs. Such a perspective has more in common (without being identical) with conceptualisations of just peace or just war as a tradition of ethical restraint on war rather than as a doctrine for the moral justification or legitimation of war.","PeriodicalId":43593,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Christian Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141147268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Paul Scherz, Tomorrow’s Troubles: Risk, Uncertainty in an Age of Algorithmic Governance (Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 2022)” Paul Scherz, Tomorrow's Troubles：算法治理时代的风险、不确定性》（华盛顿特区：乔治敦大学出版社，2022年）"
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Studies in Christian Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/09539468241247398
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Paul Scherz, Tomorrow’s Troubles: Risk, Uncertainty in an Age of Algorithmic Governance (Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 2022)”","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/09539468241247398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09539468241247398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43593,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Christian Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140657432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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