2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)最新文献

{"title":"Modeling of sediment resuspension in Neva Bay during strong wind events","authors":"S. Martyanov","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887882","url":null,"abstract":"Wind waves play the major role in the bottom sediments resuspension in coastal areas. However, the available results of field observations imply that only the consideration of the combined effect of currents and wind waves can give correct model estimates of resuspension intensity. In present study a three-dimensional circulation model of Neva Bay (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea) was used to simulate the bottom sediments resuspension due to currents and wind waves. The characteristics of wind waves are calculated from the wave model SWAN. They are then used to calculate the bottom shear stress resulting from the nonlinear wave-current interaction. The resuspension model takes into account the difference in physical characteristics of two main bottom sediments in Neva Bay: sand and silt, with a possibility to also allow for the presence of clay fraction. The variable sinking velocity of suspended particles is used, account being taken of the effects of settling velocity reduction due to high concentrations called hindered settling, and flocculation. The model also takes into account cohesion and packing effects of the bottom sediments. Satellite images with total suspended matter (TSM) data were used to calibrate the resuspension model. Also the results of model runs aimed at estimating the intensity and frequency of resuspension events during extremely strong winds in 2008 over the Neva Bay are presented. The model runs carried out for the ice-free period from May 1 until November 30 have shown that the significant resuspension events in Neva Bay occurred during autumn from the end of September until the end of November and were caused mainly by strong western winds.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125011780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial population changes in the polluted coastal sediments of the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea","authors":"Y. Polyak, N. Medvedeva, Y. I. Gubclit, G. Dembska, L. Zegarowski, G. Sapota","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887831","url":null,"abstract":"This study has been undertaken to characterize microbial population and ecological changes regulated by pollution pressure in coastal sediments of the Eastern Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Culturable bacterial population showed a significant spatial variation and ranged between 105-108 CFU g-1 dry weight of the sediment. The number of total heterotrophic culturable bacteria showed an increase from northern to southern part of the coast and was found to be highest in the Neva Bay. There was no significant pattern of fungal distribution within the sediment samples. The long-term accumulation of heavy metals in sediments of the Gulf of Finland provides the microbial community time to adapt to these contaminants. The study revealed high heavy metal concentration and high number of metal-tolerant microorganisms in sediment samples. It is observed that fungi were the predominant group among metal-tolerant microorganisms compared to bacteria. The reduced microbial diversity was found in contaminated sediments. The results suggest that, exposure to heavy metals has a negative effect on the culturable heterotrophic microbial community in sediments. Changes in the structure of this important component of the microbial assemblages have the potential to profoundly impact the biogeochemical cycling and trophic relationships of the aquatic ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125949540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large scale mapping of shallow water benthic habitats and bathymetry in the coastal waters of the Baltic sea by means of airborne hyperspectral remote sensing","authors":"T. Kutser, M. Parnoja, B. Paavel, L. Lõugas","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887834","url":null,"abstract":"Mapping shallow water bathymetry and benthic habitat with conventional methods is time consuming and expensive. Moreover, many coastal areas are not accessible by hydrographic ships and even small boats. Remote sensing is then the only alternative. We show that collecting of airborne imagery has the same cost per unit of study area than high resolution satellite data even if the size and orientation of the study site is not favorable for airborne campaigns. The bathymetry map produced from HySpex airborne imager data is reliable.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128235415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manifestation of ship wakes in satellite images in periods of intense algae bloom","authors":"O. Lavrova, M. Mityagina, T. Bocharova","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887872","url":null,"abstract":"Manifestation of moving ships' wakes in satellite images of the sea surface in conditions of intense algae bloom is discussed. Long-living ship wakes, whose lengths sometimes reach two hundred kilometers, are manifested on radar images in the form of long narrow bright bands of high backscatter. Estimates of spatial and temporal characteristics of such wakes are made. Joint analysis of SAR, VIS and IR satellite data indicated some factors that are likely to cause the occurrence of the wakes. Hypotheses to explain this phenomenon are presented. Remote sensing observations during more than ten years over different parts of the Black, Baltic and Caspian Seas showed that the ship wakes are often subjected to significant shift and deformation under the impact of wind and currents. Comparing the true route of a ship with its wake one can obtain more detailed information about current components.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128343465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in coastal wetland remote sensing","authors":"V. Klemas","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887873","url":null,"abstract":"To plan for wetland protection and sensible coastal development, scientists and managers need to monitor the changes in coastal wetlands as the sea level continues to rise and the coastal population keeps expanding. Advances in remote sensor design and data analysis techniques are providing significant improvements for studying and mapping natural and man-induced changes of coastal wetlands. New techniques include fusion of multi-sensor, multi-resolution and multitemporal images; object-based and knowledge-based classification algorithms; wetland biomass/health mapping with radar, LiDAR, and imagery; high-resolution satellite data; hyperspectral sensors; and quadcopters with digital cameras. Results of case studies show that analysis of new satellite and aircraft data, combined with a minimum of field observations, allows researchers to effectively determine longterm trends and short-term changes of wetland vegetation and hydrology. The objective of this paper is to review recent developments in wetland remote sensing and to evaluate the performance of the new techniques.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128358462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variability of location of the boundaries of the cold intermediate layer and its thickness in the Baltic Sea in spring 2006","authors":"O. Lobchuk","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887881","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of field measurement data obtained simultaneously in late April - early May 2006 in the expeditions of the Russian and the German research vessels in the northern and southern parts of the Baltic Proper, the south-north (along the major axis of the sea) variability of the location of the upper and the lower boundaries of the cold intermediate layer is considered. The highest variability of the boundaries from station to station is pointed out, as well as the lack of any clear south-north trend in their changes. This speaks in favor of the independence of the formation of CIL at any particular place - as opposed to the existence of a common sea-scale transport of cold intermediate waters from some common source.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131853045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Range compensation in pack ice imagery retrieved by coastal radars","authors":"M. Lensu, I. Heiler, J. Karvonen","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887851","url":null,"abstract":"Finnish Meteorological Institute has instrumented coastal radars with radar servers for coastal ice field monitoring. The servers capture the radar data and processes one image per revolution with given parameters. The image time series provide real time high temporal and spatial resolution data on ice characteristics and are accompanied by kinematic products. The data are used in research and provided to end users, mainly icebreakers. A basic problem in the use and analysis of radar data is that the intensity of the ice signatures decreases with range. When uncompensated this effect decreases the usefulness of the images as navigational aid. More importantly, the compensation is required when the images are classified or quantitative ice parameters are retrieved, especially for ridging. The intensity decrease is mainly due to the physical properties of the radar, but also the ice area that is shadowed by ice ridge sails increases with distance. The range compensation problem is approached by three different methods. The observed decrease of intensity can be used the make a range dependent scaling for any image. Secondly, order statistical methods not dependent on absolute intensity values can be applied for more universal approach. Third, homomorphic filtering provides a method independent on assumptions concerning on the characteristics of the ice field. The three methods are compared for selected cases.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114502207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term variability of mean annual sea level at the Eastern Baltic Coast","authors":"S. Navrotskaya, B. Chubarenko","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887885","url":null,"abstract":"Series of mean annual water level values in Baltiysk and Kronstadt (both - Russia) were used to analyze a long-term trend and the features of the interannual sea level variations for the period of 1840-2005. Yearly mean water level in Kronstadt is permanently higher than in Baltiysk, but the difference reduced significantly to the end of XXth century.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122452872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-line system for monitoring and forecast of ship resistance in ice, supporting winter navigation in the Baltic Sea","authors":"T. Kõuts, M. Lilover, K. Vahter","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887861","url":null,"abstract":"The winter navigation occurs mostly in ice channels, which icebreakers break into the fast or drift ice. Every ship proceeding in such an ice channel experiences the ice resistance, which influences the ship speed and navigational capabilities. Maritime safety in ice conditions is first task brought up in order to ensure smooth and optimized winter traffic at the sea. As different risk analysis and management tools well exist and are capable to give general advices for organisation of navigation in ice, then lack of operational tools capable to monitor and forecast ice navigation conditions in local sea area are practically absent. We propose an online system to monitor and forecast the ship resistance in ice, supporting wintertime navigation in local, ship's scales. Firstly we introduce the technology for in situ estimation of the ship resistance in ice, based on measurements of shiphull vibrations. The measurement technology was based on the understanding that in different ice conditions the interaction of ice with the ship hull results in a vibration of the ship hull of different intensity. The vibration could be taken as a measure of ship resistance in ice, bigger the vibration intensity is, more ice resistance ship encounters. The icebreaker of the Estonain Maritime Administration EVA-316 was instrumented and vibrations of the ship hull were recorded by means of acceleration sensors in 3 directions. The acceleration data and ship position were transferred in real time to FTP server of the Marine Systems Institute. Next, after a preliminary analysis of data, the ice resistance index was defined and calculated. The comparison of the acquired ship hull vibration data and ice conditions information from satellite ice images showed that the obtained data well distinguish the open water and ice conditions of different severity. An successful attempt was made to relate the ice resistance index to relevant forcing parameters like wind speed and direction. We concluded that the wind direction and especially the angle between the wind direction and ship course was an important factor determining the ship resistance in ice channel. The recorded data on the ship hull vibrations together with the ship speed and course form a dataset which enables to assign a specific rank for the severity of ice conditions for the ice channel where ships operate. In order to supply the system with forecasting skill, a fuzzy logic relational scheme was defined, applied and validated. The on-line system to show the in-situ ice resistance and its forecast was designed and realised for the fairway into Pärnu Port, Gulf of Riga, the Baltic Sea.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124581949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining airborne and terrestrial laser scanning to monitor coastal processes","authors":"K. Julge, M. Eelsalu, E. Grunthal, S. Talvik, A. Ellmann, T. Soomere, H. Tõnisson","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2014.6887874","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the potential of joint use of terrestrial (TLS) and airborne laser scanning (ALS) to quantify rapid and spatially inhomogeneous changes to the subaerial beach and to characterize the intensity of coastal processes. This remote sensing technology that uses scanning laser pulses for acquiring high-resolution three-dimensional surface of the measured object is applied to beach segment of the Pirita Beach (Tallinn Bay, the Baltic Sea). The extent and distribution of erosion and accumulation spots are analyzed by means of creating and comparing two digital terrain models of these areas from scanning point clouds obtained in different seasons. After elimination of systematic errors the ALS/TLS combination yields sub-decimeter accuracy for height determination of the beach. The analysis reveals not only the corresponding volume changes in the study area but also several features of internal dynamics of the beach across and along the waterline that are overlooked by classical monitoring methods. The benefits and shortcomings of combining the two laser scanning methods for monitoring coastal processes and the accuracy of the results are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":435850,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124615304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}