Companion Publication of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science最新文献

{"title":"Developing an Indigenous Cultural Values Based Emoji Messaging System: A Socio-Technical Systems Innovation Approach","authors":"Chu Hiang Goh, N. Kulathuramaiyer","doi":"10.1145/3394332.3402826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394332.3402826","url":null,"abstract":"Digital divide remains a major concern among indigenous people despite the rapid increase in mobile phone penetration. Beyond the appalling participatory gaps, the devaluing of humanity in the digital era is seen as a much bigger threat. This paper addresses the emerging challenges that are putting indigenous communities at a great disadvantage. The use of emoji in social media and its prominence as a visual language for delivering emotional expressions, gestures and action in a speedy manner is fast becoming a way of life. The universality of emoji poses a major problem to the sustainability of the indigenous cultural values as it imposes western cultural and social behaviour hegemony on the indigenous society. Interactions with remote rural communities in Borneo over the past twenty years have revealed the devastating effect that such an outside-in communication medium has on their cultural resilience. Diversifying the emoji design in adopting a local cultural flavour alone, as described in current literature, will not address the issue effectively. Without considering the whole socio-technical system at a macro-level, the dangers relating to the aggravated disconnect to their rich traditional way of life cannot be averted. We posit a holistic socio-technical systems innovation approach with the participatory involvement of the indigenous community. In this paper, we demonstrate the modeling of complex systems that embed the socio-cultural context without compromising cultural values.","PeriodicalId":435721,"journal":{"name":"Companion Publication of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122752261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Architecture of Choice: Using Psychosocial Variables to Dynamically Tailor Interventions","authors":"M. Fergusson","doi":"10.1145/3394332.3402835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394332.3402835","url":null,"abstract":"Individual healthcare choices are strongly influenced by psychosocial factors such as values, goals, and self-perceptions. By using validated instruments to measure and map psychosocial variables, it is possible to produce digital interventions that are dynamically tailored to an individual's unique decision-making context. Each of us has our own distinct set of influences, circumstances, and core beliefs that drive our healthcare decision-making. One important variable is perceived self-efficacy (PSE), an element of Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)1. PSE focuses on a patient's personal confidence beliefs about his or her capacity to undertake specific health behaviours that may lead to desired outcomes. In the context of chronic illness, PSE is predictive of quality of life and successful disease self-management2. Because self-efficacy beliefs are modifiable and can impact health status, motivation levels, goal achievement, adherence and persistence, intervention approaches that focus on boosting PSE can empower patients and improve chronic disease outcomes. Indeed, self-management programs designed specifically to improve PSE by incorporating self-confidence, goal-setting or control-enhancing strategies can produce more favorable outcomes for patients than with standard interventions3. This talk will highlight examples where PSE and human connections are used in practice across a variety of contexts including maternal health, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease.","PeriodicalId":435721,"journal":{"name":"Companion Publication of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130548021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Secret Life of Immortal Data","authors":"K. Lyle, A. Lucassen, L. Ballard, F. Hardcastle, M. Weal, Adriane P. Chapman, G. Konstantinidis","doi":"10.1145/3394332.3402898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394332.3402898","url":null,"abstract":"We are moving towards a world in which data have a life beyond the individual; where the value and potential of data are ever-changing as technological developments bring new possibilities. This immortality of data raises new ethical and societal issues that have not yet been fully articulated, and consequently we are unprepared to deal with. The challenges of dealing with large volumes of personal data are increasingly apparent in many fields of practice, although they may manifest in different ways. This workshop brings together participants from diverse domains to provide an opportunity to articulate across disciplines and stakeholders the commonalities in the issues that arise. We aim to stimulate debates about how we might work collaboratively to anticipate, manage and prevent future issues. The presentations and discussions will be used to prepare a summary white paper/symposium briefing document to be disseminated more widely.","PeriodicalId":435721,"journal":{"name":"Companion Publication of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114241558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STAIDCC20: 1st International Workshop on Socio-technical AI Systems for Defence, Cybercrime and Cybersecurity","authors":"Stuart Middleton, A. Lavorgna, R. McAlister","doi":"10.1145/3394332.3402897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394332.3402897","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of STAIDCC20 workshop is to bring together a mixture of inter-disciplinary researchers and practitioners working in defence, cybercrime and cybersecurity application areas to discuss and explore the challenges and future research directions around socio-technical AI systems. The workshop will showcase where the state of the art is in socio-technical AI, charting a path around issues including transparency, trustworthiness, explaining bias and error, incorporating human judgment and ethical frameworks for deployment of socio-technical AI in the future.","PeriodicalId":435721,"journal":{"name":"Companion Publication of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131345768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI for Sustainable Development: What's the Business Case?: [Keynote Web Science Workshop DigDivDigHum-20]","authors":"Leen P.W. Zevenbergen","doi":"10.1145/3394332.3402822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394332.3402822","url":null,"abstract":"The world is rapidly changing — due to many inequalities in our neoliberal society, but also due to the current Covid crisis, to be followed by a severe economical crisis. These crises will enlarge the already existing inequalities all over the world. In particular the inequalities between rich and poor, between literate and illiterate people, and between North and South. This crisis is the cause of great stress. In 2006 a new type of company was established, called the B Corp. This new legislation started in the US (currently in 40 States) and protected the company from the existing shareholder-driven mentality. Instead of working for shareholders only, companies were going to work for all of its stakeholders. The legal form for this was the Benefit Corporation, but existing companies could also select to perform an impact analysis, called the BIA (Benefit Impact Analysis). With this analysis companies could qualify to become a certified B Corp. After 14 years since its inception, there are now around 3,000 B Corps worldwide and around 5,000 Benefit Corporations, mainly in the US. Examples of well-known B Corps are Patagonia, Ben & Jerrys, Danone, Triodos Bank and African Clean Energy (ACE). Besides this development of a new kind of company that uses the slogan “Business as a force for good” there is also another trend going on in the world, having to do with the exponential development of technology. The speed in which technology develops surpasses the adaptability of the human brain to every new step, also causing stress in the world. Knowing that technology can be used for good and for bad, and that both directions cannot very well be influenced or steered by governments, we can only hope that technological developments “for good” are faster and more numerous than the bad ones. Now, the Business as a force for good and the Technology as a force for good seem to come together and could potentially support each other. If we can define profitable business “for good” and that business is a technology business helping to solve the above-mentioned inequalities, we are making a big step in the direction of a better world. This keynote describes these two developments in more detail, trying to come to a definition of a profitable business case using technology (especially AI) to improve the lives of many.","PeriodicalId":435721,"journal":{"name":"Companion Publication of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123096203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital (In)Equality, Digital Inclusion, Digital Humanism: Summary of the Web Science Workshop DigDivDigHum-20","authors":"A. Bon, H. Akkermans","doi":"10.1145/3394332.3402893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394332.3402893","url":null,"abstract":"From its inception, the World Wide Web has been intended to be a force for social good. But there are many barriers and obstacles, a situation commonly characterized as the Digital Divide. Several billion people especially in the Global South do not have access to Internet/Web for reasons of lacking (affordable) infrastructure, poverty, low literacy, lack of digital skills, language, etc., and are thus digitally excluded. Also in the Global North, despite being technologically “advanced”, we see severe digital inequalities and power disparities, in part for the same reasons and in part due to the Web being exploited as a centralized surveillance and money-making machine, controlled by big parties such as states and big (tech) corporations, thus creating further inequalities and exclusion. This paper summarizes the main themes and insights from ongoing research presented and discussed at the WebSci'20 Workshop on Digital (In)Equality, Digital Inclusion, Digital Humanism.","PeriodicalId":435721,"journal":{"name":"Companion Publication of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134041371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Companion Publication of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science","authors":"","doi":"10.1145/3394332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435721,"journal":{"name":"Companion Publication of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122518580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI4Good - The Ethical and Societal Implications of using AI in Scientific Discovery: Chairs’ Welcome and Workshop Summary","authors":"Samantha Kanza, W. McNeill, Nicola J. Knight, S. Munday, J. Frey","doi":"10.1145/3394332.3402894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394332.3402894","url":null,"abstract":"This year the AI3SD Network+ (Artificial Intelligence and Augmented Intelligence for Automated Investigations for Scientific Discovery) will be running a workshop at the WebSci ’20 Conference in Southampton, UK. Artificial and Augmented Intelligence systems have the potential to make a real difference in the scientific discovery domain however this brings a new wealth of ethical and societal implications to consider with regards to this research (e.g. human enhancement, algorithmic biases, risk of detriment). This workshop looks to explore the ethical and societal issues centered around using intelligent technologies (Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Intelligence, Machine Learning, and in general Semantic Web Knowledge Technologies) to further scientific discovery, with a strong consideration of data ethics and algorithmic accountability. Advances in technology and software are rarely inherently bad in themselves, however that unfortunately does not preclude them from being subverted to ill intent by others; furthermore, as demonstrated by the examples above, even an unintentional lack of care towards ethical codes and algorithmic accountability can lead to societal and ethical implications of scientific discovery. It is our responsibility as researchers to consider these issues in our research; are we conducting studies ethically? What ethical codes can we put in place for scientific discovery research to mitigate against ethical and societal issues. These are really important issues, and they require an interdisciplinary focus between scientists, social scientists and technical experts in order to be comprehensively addressed. AI4Good is a day long workshop including five keynotes, discussion sessions and an interactive activity. The first keynote is from Dr Will McNeill, from the University of Southampton. Will is a lecturer in Philosophy, and he will speak about Ethical Frameworks and Ethical Judgements. The second keynote will be given by Dr Cian O’Donnovan, a Researcher at UCL. Cian’s research is based on understanding how the benefits of emerging technologies can best contribute to a flourishing world. Cian’s talk will be on AI Ethics from the Ground Up: Cultivating Capabilities for Care. The third keynote will be given by Jacqui Ayling, a PhD Student at the University of Southampton. Jacqui’s PhD is on the topic of researching data protection and innovation in smart cities. She will be talking about Data Ethics for AI & Algorithmic Accountability. The fourth keynote will be given by Dr Peter Craigon from the University of Nottingham. Peter is a Research Fellow specialising in Ethics, and his talk will focus on the Moral IT Cards that he has developed. The final keynote will be given by Dr Samantha Kanza, an Enterprise Fellow at the University of Southampton. Samantha coordinates the AI for Scientific Discovery Network and developed a keen interest in the ethical and societal issues of technology whilst completing her PhD in Web Science.","PeriodicalId":435721,"journal":{"name":"Companion Publication of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129344478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digitalised Welfare: Systems For Both Seeing and Working With Mess","authors":"Amelia Morris, Lizzie Coles-Kemp, W. Jones","doi":"10.1145/3394332.3402825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394332.3402825","url":null,"abstract":"Digital welfare does not operate in a vacuum, but rather transforms non-digital and unofficial spaces of welfare provision. The digitalisation of welfare occludes the complex reality of poverty and erects digital barriers to accessing welfare. Digitalised welfare has not abolished face-to-face support, but has relocated it to unofficial sites of welfare. The apparent efficiency and simplicity of the state’s digital welfare apparatus, therefore, is produced not by reducing the ‘messiness’ of welfare, but by rendering it invisible within the digital framework. In this paper we compare two approaches to welfare digitalisation and identify three considerations for welfare service design that might reduce the digital barriers, re-build a sense of self-efficacy and increase service accessibility and inclusion.","PeriodicalId":435721,"journal":{"name":"Companion Publication of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116811659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to WebSci’20 Workshops","authors":"O. Seneviratne, S. Roth","doi":"10.1145/3394332.3402892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394332.3402892","url":null,"abstract":"It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the virtual workshops associated with the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science (WebSci’20). This year, the conference theme is “Making the Web Human-Centric? New Directions in the Web and AI.” As the workshop chairs, we selected workshops that exemplify this theme to complement the conference contributions. The theme of making the Web more human-centric is especially fitting this year as the workshops are held in the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic backdrop making the Web an ever more human-centric medium for work, play, communication, and many other societal necessities. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic and the racial injustice riots that erupted in some parts of the world have forced Web Scientists to examine new directions for the Web and AI. These workshops span topics ranging from inequality, AI on the Web for social good, personalisation and community, explanations for AI, cybercrime and cybersecurity, data immortality, and evolutionary thinking for the Web.","PeriodicalId":435721,"journal":{"name":"Companion Publication of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121802378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}