Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice最新文献

{"title":"A Policy Mapping Analysis of Goals Related to Bank Accounts in Federal Legislative Proposals","authors":"J. Birkenmaier, Alana Janssen","doi":"10.1007/s42972-021-00037-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42972-021-00037-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72762406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Its scouse soldier’s lad init! An examination of modern Urban street gangs on Merseyside","authors":"R. Hesketh","doi":"10.1108/jcrpp-03-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-03-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to discuss the emergence of the contemporary Urban Street Gang (USG) on Merseyside. In terms of gang scholarship in the UK, Merseyside has been greatly neglected despite regular reports in national mainstream media that suggest Merseyside USGs represent some of the most criminally active and violent members in the UK.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A specific methodology has been omitted because the author while providing a viewpoint from Hesketh (2018), also wishes to encapsulate observations from the remaining two pieces of research conducted on Merseyside (Smithson et al., 2009; Robinson, 2018). For this reason, a summary of the methods used in each of the three studies is provided.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The paper will highlight observations drawn from all three research studies that were prevalent with USG members throughout the Merseyside county at the time of each study. They include aspects surrounding territoriality, belonging and identity through dress style as well as USG structures and motivation for joining. In particular, the paper will address also address the role of drugs which has transformed the structural make-up of many Merseyside USGs from relatively loosely knit-street corner groups involved in anti-social behaviour (ASB) to more structural-deviant entrepreneurial enterprises.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The paper calls for more research to be carried out on Merseyside. Limitations would include the omission of young women in each of the three studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The practical implications are as follows: a need to focus on the impact of bridging within excluded communities; a need to focus on emphasising that drug dealing is a crime that carries serious consequences, and not a form of work (grafting); a need to focus on young women and criminal involvement; and a need to concentrate on developing strategies that counter the allure and attraction of risk-taking behaviour.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000The paper addresses the impact of social exclusion and the need for equality to counter young people becoming involved in criminality and gangs as well as adult organised crime groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The paper is based on what have been so far the only three in-depth studies carried out on Merseyside.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43203959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative exploration of young people and prison officers’ experiences of empathy within a young offenders’ institution","authors":"E. Tarrant, A. Torn","doi":"10.1108/jcrpp-01-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-01-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to explore the ways in which young people and prison staff (Prison Officers) within a youth custodial establishment experience empathy. Previous research tends to view empathy as a stable trait and one which people can develop through individual-centred therapy. There has been little consideration of the impact of relationship factors and context in relation to empathy experience and expression. The current study aims to address this by exploring the role of the custodial context in shaping empathy, including the potential impact of relationships, environmental factors and culture.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A qualitative approach was used to enable breadth and depth in the exploration of this area. Individual, semi-structured interviews were carried out with a purposive sample of three young people and three Prison Officers. Data was analysed using inductive thematic analysis informed by the guidelines of Braun and Clarke (2006) and King and Horrocks (2010).\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Constructed themes included “constructions of empathy”, “recipe for empathy”, “institutional investment”, “the value of empathy” and “doing empathy”. Together, they provide detailed insight into the interplay of personal and wider contextual factors influencing the experience of empathy in a custodial setting. The findings suggest that the way in which young people and staff experience empathy in the custodial environment is unique. The findings suggest that empathy takes place within the context of relationships and is influenced by the nature of those relationships, along with the wider social context within which it occurs.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The findings of the current study support a move away from understanding empathy as an individual personality trait and instead viewing it as a dynamic experience that is changeable based upon the relationship and the context within which it occurs. The findings suggest that interventions aiming to develop empathy should look beyond the level of the individual and the relationship and focus upon developing environments that are supportive of empathy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study provides unique insights into the subjective experience of empathy in a custodial setting, presenting as one of the first to take a more holistic approach to understand this phenomenon.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47070407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance related offending behaviour programme (SROBP): exploring male prisoner’s experiences of treatment and application of learning","authors":"Patrick J. Howie, Darren Johnson, Angela D. Taylor","doi":"10.1108/jcrpp-06-2020-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-06-2020-0042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Cognitive-behavioural interventions, such as the substance related offending behaviour programme (SROBP), are being implemented across forensic contexts in an attempt to address the detrimental economic, social and personal impacts of substance use and offending. Whilst support exists for the effectiveness of such treatment, there remains to be limited knowledge of offenders’ experiences of treatment and factors that promote treatment efficacy and support desistance. This study aims to develop an idiographical understanding of those processes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Six prisoners who had completed the SROBP were interviewed via a semi-structured schedule to collate their individual experiences of engaging in treatment. Interviews transcripts were analysed by the lead researcher using interpretative phenomenological analysis, and external auditing analysis was conducted by the research supervisors.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Three superordinate themes resulted: “Therapeutic processes and relationships,” “Therapeutic outcomes” and “Threats to post treatment recovery.” Participants identified factors which facilitated the effectiveness of treatment and were effective in meeting their needs, although there were other factors that required improvement.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The important role of motivation at various stages of treatment as this engenders commitment to treatment aims and longer-term recovery. Treatment efficacy is linked with perceived relevance and value of treatment outcomes in supporting desistence from substance use. Pro-social peer relationships are important for effective application of learning and recovery. Attentiveness to participants specific needs is required. The lack of post-programme support has the potential to threaten therapeutic alliances and reinforce experiences of rejection and abandonment. The management of the exit phase from programmes is critical.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Results are discussed in light of their implications for future working practices in supporting therapeutic processes and rehabilitative culture.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45646623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance use, mental health, chronic medical conditions and criminal justice contact in a nationally representative sample","authors":"Albert M. Kopak","doi":"10.1108/jcrpp-09-2020-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-09-2020-0060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The amount of overlap between criminal justice practices and public health is growing and more research is needed to guide new initiatives. This study was designed to assess the relationships between various chronic medical conditions, substance use severity, mental health indicators and criminal justice contact using the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Analyses were conducted in three stages to comprehensively examine the relationships between various indicators of physical health, mental health, substance use severity and criminal justice contact.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Results demonstrate indicators of substance use severity surpass physical and mental health conditions as stronger determinants of any criminal justice contact, as well as repeated interactions with police. In addition, combinations of multiple conditions increase the likelihood of criminal justice involvement, but substance use remains a consistent factor contributing to the strongest associations. These findings highlight the importance of capitalizing on the initial point of criminal justice contact to address substance use to prevent further and subsequent involvement in the system.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Criminal justice initiatives based on least harm solutions require evidence to support public health-oriented approaches. The unique approach to examining the intersection of criminal justice practices and health provided in this study can be used to inform alternates to arrest.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The least harmful practices should be adopted to address health conditions at the time of criminal justice contact. These practices should focus heavily on injection drug use as a primary factor associated with the prior arrest. Practices designed to divert arrestees with health conditions away from jails are needed. Law enforcement practices can significantly benefit from public health-oriented approaches.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Criminal justice initiatives based on least harm solutions require evidence to support public health-oriented approaches. The unique approach to examining the intersection of criminal justice practices and health provided in this study can be used to inform alternates to arrest.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48155472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“People Nowadays Will Take Everything They Can Get”: American Perceptions of Basic Income Usage","authors":"Leah Hamilton, Meric Yorgun, Allison Wright","doi":"10.1007/s42972-021-00035-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42972-021-00035-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75800453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug sentencing in Brazil: factors influencing sentencing outcomes in the criminal courts of Recife/PE","authors":"Lais Meneses Brasileiro Dourado, B. Fischer","doi":"10.1108/JCRPP-02-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRPP-02-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to examine sentencing decisions for drug-trafficking offences in the criminal courts of the city of Recife to address a gap in quantitative research on drug sentencing and incarceration in Brazil.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Using original data obtained from the Court of Justice for Pernambuco, the research used multivariate regression analysis to investigate the effect of case processing, offender, and offence characteristics on sentence length.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000A key finding of the research is the influence of two legal factors on sentence length: admitting to a drug-trafficking offence and being categorized as “mitigated trafficking”. Results also indicate that first-time defendants were more likely to be categorized as mitigated trafficking, stressing the importance of criminal history on predicting sentencing outcomes. “Mitigated trafficking” is a distinct category of drug-trafficking created by the Drug Law nº. 11.343 (2006) to protect defendants considered novices in the illicit drug market from receiving longer imprisonment sentences.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The findings suggest that the policy strategy of having a legal distinction for a specific type of defendant appears to be effective in impacting sentence length for drug-trafficking convictions. Future research could explore how similar strategies could be adopted to influence sentencing for other vulnerable groups. However, focussing on a defendant records or prior convictions as an eligibility criterion could disproportionately impact defendants who are caught in a cycle of re-offending for socio-economic reasons or a need to finance a substance use disorder.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This research address a gap in quantitative sentencing research in Brazil and contributes to the broader literature by presenting results that are aligned with previous studies conducted in North America.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43066250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multidisciplinary response to sexual assault: the case review process for previously unsubmitted sexual assault kits","authors":"Heather C. Melton","doi":"10.1108/jcrpp-11-2020-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-11-2020-0068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Sexual assault continues to be a major criminal problem. Sexual assault kits (SAK) are one way to preserve evidence to use to pursue justice in sexual assault cases. In recent years, it has become clear that very often these SAKs are never sent to the crime lab to be processed. In an effort to deal with these unsubmitted kits and to research their impact, the Bureau of Justice Assistance funded various grants, known as the Sexual Assault Kit Initiative (SAKI) nationwide to create multidisciplinary teams to both improve the process and response to sexual assault and to provide research on this issue. This paper aims to explore a process created by one of the multidisciplinary teams in one SAKI site – the case review. Ultimately, the goal is to explore how different participants in the case review process perceive and experience the case review and provide implications of these findings.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Using surveys of case review participants, participant observation and key stakeholder interviews findings indicate that case reviews are beneficial in terms of training, collaboration and overall response to sexual assault.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Using all methods, the participants of case reviews found them beneficial. Both new information was gleaned from almost every case review and decisions on particular cases were potentially changed, particularly among the key stakeholders with the ability to impact decisions in sexual assault cases – law enforcement and prosecutors. Issues were raised through the case review process that might not have been without this process. Thus, case reviews have the potential to affect policy and practice and improve future reporting, investigations and prosecutions of sexual assault cases.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Multidisciplinary responses to sexual assault cases, specifically the case review process, are beneficial. Issues for training, opportunities for collaboration and general issues for a particular jurisdiction are all potentially raised during a case review. The case reviews need to be organized, preparation work completed and properly facilitated to be effective. Participants in the case review process themselves perceive case reviews to be beneficial.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper presents findings from one of the SAKI sites. A specific process, the case review process, that was developed and implemented at this site was explored. The findings on this process have implications for both practice and policy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44166187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse Views of Political Empowerment Among Community College Students Who Receive Food Assistance Benefits","authors":"Adelaide K. Sandler, S. Lane","doi":"10.1007/s42972-021-00034-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42972-021-00034-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77408785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operationalizing the Salience of Race to State Social Policy: A Comparison of Approaches with Application to TANF","authors":"V. Fusaro","doi":"10.1007/s42972-021-00028-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42972-021-00028-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86975990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}