Etnoantropoloski Problemi-Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Internationalisation as a Long-Term Strategic Project of the Post-War Renewal of the Yugoslav Archaeology (1950–1971)","authors":"Črtomir Lorber, P. Novakovic","doi":"10.21301/EAP.V15I3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.V15I3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeology in the countries which belonged to Yugoslavia (1918–1991) was mosaic of different traditions. The development of archaeology was greatly affected by political changes in the last 150 years; all of them required significant re-contextualisation of the discipline and its practice. The renewal of archaeology after the Second World War, in the context of Socialist Yugoslavia, acted on both levels, in building-up the existing national (republican) archaeological disciplinary frameworks, and in forging ‘new’ common Yugoslav archaeology. Key role in this process played the Archaeological Society of Yugoslavia, established in 1950 as the principal coordinating scholarly organisation in the country. The Society’s immediate task was to create conditions for the cooperation of all archaeologists in the country, including the international promotion of the (new) Yugoslav archaeology. Despite having less than 100 archaeologists in the 1950s, the Society designed very ambitious program of ‘internationalisation’ (e.g. exchange of publications, participation at the international conferences, grants, invitation to foreign scholars, special publications published exclusively in foreign languages etc.) which proved highly successful in a very short time. The peak of these endeavours was participation at the 1st International Congress of Slavic Archaeology in Warsaw (1965) and organisation of the 8th Congress of the UISPP in Belgrade (1971); the event which could not be organised without intensive promotion and networking of the Yugoslav archaeologists in the international academic arena in the 1950s and 1960s.","PeriodicalId":43531,"journal":{"name":"Etnoantropoloski Problemi-Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88273290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vinča Burials in the Research of Miloje M. Vasić","authors":"A. Palavestra, M. Milosavljević","doi":"10.21301/EAP.V15I3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.V15I3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Miloje M. Vasić (1869–1956) is considered to be the founding father of Serbian archaeology. This paper directly challenges, as based on detailed archival research, the prevailing view that his excavation of the Vinča archaeological site is a model standard for Serbian archaeology. Instead, Vasić’s handling of the excavation was selective, non-systematic and destructive when viewed today from the perspective of modern practices. \u0000Vasić originally gained authority based on the discovery of Vinča, a prehistoric archaeological site that contains layers from the Neolithic to the middle ages. In his zeal to uncover “prehistory”, he deliberately ignored the other archaeological layers present. The most significant example of neglected archaeological remains is his excavations of Vinča’s medieval cemetery where he did not document observations systematically. This prioritization of the importance of one archaeological period over another was reflected in the further development of archaeology in Serbia, so that medieval archaeology was treated as marginal and second-rate compared to others. \u0000The aim of this paper, therefore, is to contextualize Vasić’s approach through the methods used in the history of archaeology. The key research question thereof is how Miloje M. Vasić failed to document the burials at the Vinča site, which is the consequent reason why there is little to no documented evidence of them. \u0000The theoretical and methodological basis of the analysis is based on the approach of Gavin Lucas who views the creation of the primary field documentation as testimony. Lucas notes that the debate concerning knowledge production had drifted from merely an epistemological issue to a phenomenon centered around archaeological practice. Here the key questions have come to concern the social and material setting of knowledge production and not the objective coherence of the argument. \u0000Burials that were noted in Vasić’s documentation are categorized into four groups: 1) unwanted or medieval burials; 2) incidental burials originating from prehistory; 3) an “ossuary” from Vinča containing nine skeletons and 4) imagined multiple cremations based on one found cremation. Therefore, even while documenting several “lateral” prehistoric graves, he entirely omitted any thorough documentation of the medieval cemetery, considering them of less import. \u0000If there is any lesson that may be learned from this journey through the history of archaeological practice, it is that archaeological documentation as a form of testimony should be done ethically, adequately and responsibly. It should not be done according to the practices of the “bad science” of its founding-fathers.","PeriodicalId":43531,"journal":{"name":"Etnoantropoloski Problemi-Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78027102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crossroads and Barriers on the Roman Border: Institutional Authority, Roman Heritage and the “Đerdap” Projects","authors":"Tatjana B. Cvjetićanin","doi":"10.21301/EAP.V15I3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.V15I3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Institutional authority, Roman heritage and the “Đerdap” projects \u0000Although “the archaeological research in the Đerdap area represents the most important crossroad in Serbian archaeology” (Bikić i Šarić 2017, 67), the role of the two large research projects Đerdap I and II in the development of the discipline and the local archaeological community remains to be thoroughly reconsidered. In search for the answer whether the vast corpus of archaeological material and information gained in the course of these projects influenced the shift in interpretation of the Roman past and in presentation of the Roman frontier on the Danube, the paper presents certain scientific and research aspects and the consequences of the projects for the interpretive framework of the Roman period. \u0000It may be expected that, just as the fieldwork itself was a large opportunity for professional training and growing, the huge amount of information on the Roman border collected during the projects became a constant source for further consideration and disciplinary growth. The innovations introduced – multi-disciplinarity, interdisciplinarity, preventive conservation and integral protection of heritage – foreshadowed the space for testing of ideas. However, the archaeological record of the Roman period, approached from the culture-historical point of view, dominant at the time, is still principally interpreted according to the concepts formed in 19th century and significantly reconsidered over the last couple of decades. The majority of the recovered material is not published yet, the limited access to the “finds in boxes” obliges current researchers to work on the base of available publications, and the confidence in “discoveries” induces the transfer of ideas of original researchers without further reconsideration. The abandonment of the concept of Romanization is slow, mainly due to the institutional “keepers”, as illustrated by chosen examples, e.g. the monograph Vivere Militare est. From Populus to Emperors – living on the Frontier (Golubović, Mrđić 2018) and the exhibition Roman Limes and Cities in Serbia, organized on the occasion of the 24th International Limes-Congress, as well as the new permanent display of the National Museum, opened in 2018. It may be concluded that the constant affirmation of institutional authority, where the archaeological heritage of the Roman frontier acts as an academic symbolic capital, is more important than multivocal interpretation and presentation.","PeriodicalId":43531,"journal":{"name":"Etnoantropoloski Problemi-Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91107935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Death in Krčmar: A Contribution to the Quantification of the Victims of the 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic","authors":"Vladimir Krivošejev","doi":"10.21301/eap.v15i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that the Spanish flu pandemic, which affected the entire planet from 1918 to 1919, affected about five hundred million people, or one-third of the world's population at the time, and killed about fifty million people. The disease was noticed among Serbian soldiers in Corfu in April 1918, and in May among soldiers on the Salonika Front, but without fatal consequences. During the summer, fatalities were also reported, mainly due to lung compaction. Then the epidemic was reported in occupied Serbia as well. \u0000Just at the time of the breakthrough of Salonika Front on the 15th of September, a new wave of the epidemic started, this time fatal. Many soldiers remained lying and dying in military hospitals set up along the way. Some soldiers made it home but then passed away, and some found their homes empty. \u0000In occupied Serbia, mass dying began before liberation. In the region of Valjevo, the first deaths occurred in early October, but mass deaths started in late October. This lasted less than two months. Then, by the beginning of the spring of 1919, sporadic deaths due to \"pneumonia\" were seen as a common complication of Spanish flu, which does not necessarily mean that the epidemic had stopped, but that its end did not have any fatal consequences. \u0000In the lowlands of the Valjevo region, mortality was relatively low (in the parish of the church in Rabrovica - 0,44%), in the hilly area the mortality rate was slightly higher (in the parish of the church in Brankovina - 1,32%), and in the high mountain areas, it was very high. An analysis of the number of recorded deaths in the books of the church in Krčmar indicates that over these two months 141 people (4.47% of the population) died in seven villages that belong to the parish of this church. That number is almost equal to the number of deaths from all possible causes over a 33month period: throughout 1917, the first 9 months of 1918, and throughout 1919.  The highest mortality rate , 9,38% of the population,  was recorded in the village of Mratišić, and the lowest, 1,61%  in the village of Gornji Lajkovac. A higher number of deaths were recorded among the female population, but this can be attributed to the decrease in the number of males due to previous years of war.","PeriodicalId":43531,"journal":{"name":"Etnoantropoloski Problemi-Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84023948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Construction of the Neoliberal Self in Belgrade Psychotherapeutic Practice","authors":"Bogdan Vukomanović","doi":"10.21301/eap.v15i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The processes of neoliberalization and European integration in Serbia have been underway for some time, and in addition to their effect on certain elements of the social structure such as the family, the economy, political life etc., their impact is also evident in the way that Serbian citizens perceive themselves and their position in this environment. Due to reduced social protection, the withdrawal of the state from the public sphere, and increasing financial and employment insecurity, individuals are obliged to assume responsibility for their lives and to engage in self-improvement with the aim of personal development and the finding of new survival strategies. Through interviews with psychotherapists and persons who have used the services of private psychotherapy, this paper looks at the relationship between private psychotherapeutic practice in Belgrade as a technique for self-improvement and the construction of the self in its clients, and then relates it to the broader socio-economic context in which the respondents live and work. The findings suggest that with regard to its clients, private psychotherapeutic practice mirrors the emphasis on independence, autonomy and responsibility for one's life and life decisions, which are typical features of the entrepreneurial self characteristic of the period of post-socialist neoliberalization.","PeriodicalId":43531,"journal":{"name":"Etnoantropoloski Problemi-Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79380716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Acceleration of Time from the Perspective of Technological and Cognitive Innovativeness: A Structural-Semiologic Analysis of H. G. Wells’s The Time Machine","authors":"Miloš Zarić","doi":"10.21301/eap.v15i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides an analysis of Herbert George Wells’s novel The Time Machine (1895), specifically, of those aspects of the novel that deal with the relationship between the phenomenon of technological and cognitive innovativeness, on the one hand, and the experience of time and its perception, on the other. The concept of the acceleration of time, which is key to this study, denotes the phenomenon manifesting itself through the prism of two types of non-synchronization of “internal” or “subjective” time and “external”, collectively shared “objective time”: in the first case, “external” time is accelerated relative to “internal” time, while in the second, conversely, “internal” time is accelerated relative to “external time”. The paper offers a contextual analysis of The Time Machine, also employing a structural-semiologic approach and method, which in this case also includes the traditional functionalist method of differentiating between manifest and latent functions. The first research question the paper seeks to answer is how the idea/invention of the fictitious novum of the time machine came about, i.e. what kind of cognitive-innovative process enabled it. The other question, related to the first, is whether it is possible to “peer into” the infrastructure of the imagination of creative people, into that part that usually remains confined to the unconscious. A structural-semiologic analysis of the nature of the creativity/innovation process, which, in this study, is related to the Victorian era as the social and economic context in which The Time Machine was written, as well as to the interconnected domains of technological and cognitive innovativeness, suggests the possibility of establishing an Anthropology of Innovativeness as a new anthropological subdiscipline.","PeriodicalId":43531,"journal":{"name":"Etnoantropoloski Problemi-Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79449114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haunted Places in US Culture","authors":"B. Žikić","doi":"10.21301/eap.v15i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"What makes a place haunted is the narrative of its ghosts: the curse of the place is expressed through the hauntings of that place by the ghosts of the people who died there. Ghosts are an expression of negative transgression, that is, a violation of social norms and cultural values that leads to the moral destabilization of the community: haunted places are places of tragedy, of deaths caused by violence and negligence. The basic features of haunted places in the US are liminality, the historical experience of what happened there, and the fact that they represent the boundary between the everyday and the impossible. The crossing of the existential boundaries by ghosts is analogous to negative transgression in social behavior. The liminality of ghosts thus corresponds to the liminality of haunted places in spatial, existential, ontological and moral terms. They appear as a kind of propaedeutic device in cultural communication, for the atrocities of their stories address what is good and bad according to the norms of cultural thought, and what is proper and improper in social behavior. \u0000Several different types of places are featured in this discussion: private ones, like dwelling places, as well as numerous public places, including a public library, a quarry, a public park, a village lane, a teahouse, the site of one of the best-known battles in United States history, a former correction facility, a beech etc, across the entire country: Atchison, Kansas; New Orleans, Fort Leavenworth and plantations in Louisiana; Peoria, Illinois; Reelsville, Indiana; Little Bighorn, Montana; Washington DC; New York City; the San Francisco Bay area; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Portage County, Wisconsin; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Forester, Michigan; Cape May, New Jersey; Tucson, Arizona; Mason, Ohio.","PeriodicalId":43531,"journal":{"name":"Etnoantropoloski Problemi-Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79735685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Beer Tradition of the Chuvash","authors":"A. Salmin","doi":"10.21301/eap.v15i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The Chuvash are the indigenous population of the Chuvash Republic, located on the Middle Volga with its capital at Cheboksary. The Chuvash brewed beer using flour, malt and hops. Barley was considered the most suitable grain. Among the Chuvash beer was a ritual beverage. They never drank it without specific cause. After the harvest had been gathered, beer was made with the fresh grain. Kinfolk would gather for the occasion. The very fact of beer-brewing speaks of this people’s agricultural way of life. Wooden tubs were used for brewing large quantities of beer, while smaller amounts were made in pots. This drink is considered sacred among the Chuvash. It is dedicated to deities of high rank and also to the spirit of ancestors. Valued guests are welcomed and seen off with it.","PeriodicalId":43531,"journal":{"name":"Etnoantropoloski Problemi-Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75848538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Agriculture-Induced Fertility Among Yorùbá Farmers of Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"F. Ibrahim","doi":"10.21301/eap.v15i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of agricultural production in African peasant economies featured human fertility in no small measure. The role of increased fertility in agricultural productivity is explained by opposing ideologies, yet, African perspectives on increased fertility for agricultural production, in the current social climate, are seemingly deficient. Using a triangulation of qualitative methods, this work explores agriculture-induced fertility among Yorùbá farmers of Southwestern Nigeria. The findings clearly and dominantly indicate that the option of increasing fertility deliberately through polygyny, for improved agricultural production has tremendously diminished. Instead, concerns over optimum child development, which can hardly be guaranteed with continued agriculture-induced fertility, are stressed. This shows that Yorùbá farmers’ disposition towards increasing fertility is dictated by pecuniary circumstances, thereby accentuating the rationality of Yorùbá culture and its people.","PeriodicalId":43531,"journal":{"name":"Etnoantropoloski Problemi-Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84773411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Qeleshe and the Drone. Models of Political Expression at the Albania National Football Team’s Games in Belgrade","authors":"Ivan Kovačević","doi":"10.21301/eap.v15i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"In the space of 47 years the Albania national football team played two games at the JNA stadium in Belgrade. At both games, events with a clear political content took place. At the 1967 game, a group of about 5,000 fans supported the Albania national team, some of whom wore qeleshes as a possible marker of Albanian ethnicity. The 2014 game, which was also a European Championship qualifier, was marked by the appearance of a drone carrying the Greater Albania flag, which descended towards the pitch. As players tried to get hold of the flag, a scuffle broke out and supporters invaded the pitch, with the result that the match was suspended. In this paper, both events are interpreted within the context of other political events in the region immediately preceding and following the matches. The events at the 1967 game are compared to the demonstrations in Pristina a year later. The comparison highlights differences in the political attitudes of the masses and the elites. While the masses had clear aspirations towards the unification of all Albanians, regardless of the situation in Albania at the time and Enver Hoxha’s Stalinist regime, the elite perceived the danger of these ideas and channeled the strategy toward solutions that appeared feasible, namely, the establishment of a republic within Yugoslavia. Again, at the game 47 years later, the drone with the message of Greater Albania was not the expression of the political will of the elite, who were aware that Albania’s and Kosovo’s current political positions do not allow for the abolishing of borders. In both cases, the political elites did not explicitly reject the idea of unification, as it would be politically inopportune to reject an idea that is prevalent in the cultural intimacy of the broad masses of the people, but it was sidelined and modified into unity within the broader context of integrations and breaking down of barriers in the region and in Europe.","PeriodicalId":43531,"journal":{"name":"Etnoantropoloski Problemi-Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74696518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}